 This is so you got an SDR, common signals and the wiki, and I'm doing this live so my window shows up because anyway, I stare at signals a lot. I have an SDR play, RSP1A, which goes from 1 kHz to 2 GHz, it's about 8 MHz bandwidth, and with it I use a very large delta loop up above my house, which is tuned for around 40 meters, and I also have a 6 by 6 foot square loop up in the tree, which is used for, well, VHF, it's tuned for something like 45 MHz. I have a general class license, which is important if you're doing radio things, and I got my technician somewhere around when I was 13, and I also have, I am biased towards HF, I much prefer HF because of where I am, I'm in a semi-rural area, it's much easier for me to set up things, and also because I'm out here, I have very little VHF and UHF capabilities because there's just no signals up there, barely even have a cell signal here. I had to ask somebody to give me a picture of the cell signal, and I love the propagation dynamics of HF and low VHF, it's very interesting with the ionosphere and sporadic heat, and I contribute a lot to this signal identification wiki and their discord, as well as interact with Youngham's The Yark, which is the Youngham mature radio club, and I have not made a PowerPoint since middle school, nor have I done a presentation since high school, so it's been a while, so bear with me. So what I hope to accomplish with this PowerPoint is show you that there's a lot more signals out there than just the amateur radio signals and public communication stuff, and checking my phone through the Twitch chat, and we will also show you a bunch of common signals that are asked of the signal identification wiki, because people go through their SDR, there is a lot to look at, especially if you have HF capabilities, so I'll show some signals that are commonly asked about, and also at the end I will give you a brief idea of how to contribute to the signal identification wiki, which I quite like helping with. So I'm going to start at VLF, LF and MF, which is 0 to 3 megahertz, yes technically I know there's ELF and ULF, but we're starting at 0, and since we're starting at 0 we're going to start with the Schumann resonances, which you probably will not be able to receive because of, because you need the pretty hefty antenna, so because you're receiving that because it's at 7.8 hertz, these are the resonances of the actual magnetosphere of Earth, so they're pretty interesting, if you were to be able to generate a signal at that low, you'd be able to hear it ping, basically the magnetosphere, it's a pretty interesting idea, but good luck doing that, and moving up from there we have the ELF navigation vacans, which are in Russia, they're used for hyperbolic navigation purposes, and they're at 11.9 kilohertz, I have a picture of it, the little bar on the left you can barely see the little beeps, unfortunately I don't have an antenna that can receive those anymore, but moving along we have submarine transmitters, there are many of submarine transmitters around the world, most of them are between 16 to 26 kilohertz, they're 300 megahertz wide, you can see them in that picture in the middle, they're the big long stripes going up vertically, the strong one is Jim Creek, which is NLK at 24.8 kilohertz, and they use minimum shift keying, they sound pretty neat, but you can't get anything out of them, and also down here of course there's lightning, which I like to listen to, it sounds kind of like crackling and pops, pretty interesting. I am moving along, we also have the lowest frequency time signals are all down here as well, in North America it's WWVB, which is at 60 kilohertz, and on a good day I can actually receive the JJY640 kilohertz, which is all the low way in Japan, and of course Germany, Russia, France, and China also have these really low frequency time signals, and below 9 kilohertz there's no allocations whatsoever, there's some people that actually try and transmit that low, which I think is ridiculous, but DK7FC if I remember correctly is a call sign to look up, if you're interested in super low stuff, there's also the 2200 meter band and the 630 meter amateur bands, those are extremely difficult to transmit on, but it is quite possible and people do do it, and there's actually a list of 630 meter transmitting people that you can find online, I don't remember how to find it, but there is one, in fact there is work all states is actually possible on 630 meters, but also when you're down at VLF ranges and slightly above, there's just loads of power in ways, so you have to be some more semi-rural in order to be able to really receive anything, and moving along, moving up a frequency sum at about 190 kilohertz, you'll start running into non-directional beacons, which are beacons that just transmit three letter codes in Morse or two letter, I believe, and at that link you can find a massive list of all of them all across the world, these are for direction finding, if you have if you get lost in the woods or something, I don't know, oh and ships use them of course, I once spent like an hour trying to decode one that was barely readable in the noise, and it just turned out to be from the town 10 miles away, it was disappointing, differential GPS is another thing that's over here, the ships use them, it's supplementary to normal GPS, it helps correct the GPS by fixing the times or something I don't quite remember, NavTex is also here at 518 kilohertz, you can figure out and get maritime notifications, stuff like you need to turn in how much halibut you've caught, and there's also long wave radio broadcasts which there are none of in North America, it's kind of disappointing, I haven't been able to receive any, most of them are in Europe to my knowledge, but it's basically just like shortwave, but way lower, you probably can't even find radios that pick up longwave, well normal radios, and they in broadcast band is of course down this low, and it still exists, you might not be able to pick up any in your car, but it still exists, and in fact if you look at this image around 1.5 megahertz there you can see a signal that has rectangular stripes along its edge, and that's actually AM radio HD, and that can actually be decoded I believe, I'm pretty sure that one can be decoded, and on a really good day from here I can actually pick up AM radio stations as far as Japan and Korea, which is pretty interesting, there is also a DX group for AM radio stations here in the Seattle area, which is actually picked up stations as far as Iran, unbelievably, using the gray line propagation of the ionosphere around sunset, which I think is ridiculous considering the first I've heard is Japan, so now we're entering HF, HF is 3 to 30 megahertz, and the important thing about HF is that HF is completely affected by the ionosphere, and the ionosphere if you're unaware, bounces signals all across the planet, on a good day you can actually get a signal across most of the planet, and this image here is a time lapse from 5 AM to 10 AM that I made to show that as the sun rises the delayer of the ionosphere starts absorbing frequencies below about 10 megahertz, and above 10 megahertz becomes better at daytime anyway, but you can do a whole giant massive talk about the ionosphere, which I would like to do someday, but when people get HF, one of the first things they ask about is number stations, because everybody's here with number stations, especially the Russian ones, and I always tell them just go to Priam, priam.org, they have all of all of the information you could ever possibly need about number stations, some of them are in Morse, some of them have voice, some of them are MFSK, some of them are FSK, MN, for some reason Cuba does errors in RDFT, which is a redundant digital file transfer, it's very odd that images of the RDFT signal that HM01 sends out, and there's also letter stations, which are just kind of just random Morse code, it's very weird, and you just try and decode it and it's gibberish, and you can find more about those on the Enigma 2000 newsletter, which is made by SignalShed, and HM01 is run from Cuba, and they make mistakes a lot, and sometimes you can hear windows noises, it's very odd considering it's, you know, for spies, but yep, also in Asia, there's many, many radars over the horizon radars, they will go quite far, and there's many varieties of them, there's three images of the radars that we have yet unnamed, most people run into the top two images, that top left image is the type of radar I believe China and Russia use, we're not entirely sure, it's very hard to track these down, especially if you want to get a name for them, but those sometimes intrude on like the 20 meter and 40 meter band, and some people get annoyed by that, but it's not really a huge issue, and that bottom image is actually, I believe, a pseudo random noise radar, which they use very complex interferometry to get the signals out of, and if you were to look really, really hard at that image, you can see the radar code embedded in it, but there's other types of radars too, there's relocatable ones which show up as little rectangles that move all over the place, they're pretty annoying, checking my things here, I don't know what an audio issue is, should be fine, but yeah, so the relocatable ones, they show up as little rectangles, they change frequencies a lot, and sweeping speeds a lot, the top right image is of a probe for one of the other larger radars going across the band, and the bottom right one is a container type radar, probably, which is one of the types that Russia uses, there's also research radars, the codar is a type of radar, it's in that left image there, which is used to bounce off of ocean waves to get their height, and super darn, which is the super dual overall radar network is an educational, well it's used by universities, so academic, so it's an academic radar that they use, they blast it up towards the north pole to receive, to get a radar of plasma convection, remember correctly, for aurora related things, there's also harp, which I've actually caught harp transmitting, that middle image there is some type of carrier that they were doing research with, harp does not actually, you know, do weather control like some conspiracy people say, in fact, you can tweet the head scientist on Twitter, he's a cool guy, and then there's ionisons as well, which show up as diagonal sweeps that go from 1 to 40 megahertz about, and those receive, they receive echoes from ionosphere layers, and you can get a rough estimate of propagation with them as well, and if you have everything set up, you can actually receive your own versions and make your own ionosphere graphs, but that requires a GPS locked thing for perfect timing, it's very complicated, but interesting if you're capable of doing it, there's a talk that you can find for that somewhere, there's also on HF a ton of different, a ton of different military signals, and there's a lot of them, some of them are overly complex, like the Japanese slot machine on the left, or the middle STD 188 110 appendix, a 16 tone, which is in the middle, it's got weird diagonal stripes that show up, and they change these all of the time, in fact, in Europe, there's a guy that tries to decode these, just posting like bits and stuff, because you can't really get anything out of these, unless you like staring at bits for the rest of your life, because they're all super encrypted, that fourth image is CIS 12, which sometimes intrudes on the 20 meter band, like it is in that image, there's also the panther modem signals, which show up as little data bursts, I believe there's six data bursts when they're establishing a connection, and then after that they just kind of go everywhere, and there's also HF global communication system, which is by the United States Air Force, and that's actually just talking, but they say, they say numbers and letters and stuff, and they have been using code names, you'll catch that at 4.724 megahertz, usually, there's other ones too, they go through the whole system, but I guess that could be a number station, but one of the signals that's most asked about is Danag 4285, because that shows up, that's the second image that shows up all over the place, and everybody uses it, but the thing to know with it is that it is 2.7 kilohertz in bandwidth, and if you know what an ACF is, it has an ACS of 1,100, if I remember correctly, in a millisecond, if I remember correctly, I don't remember. Also on HF there's a ton of time signals, WWV is well known at 2.5510, 1520, and 25 megahertz, and of course there's also a WWVH that shows up, but Canada, China, and Russia also have their own time signals at those frequencies listed there. The Canadian one's kind of interesting because it has a modem beep noise, well it's not really a beep, but modem data burst, so you can sync your modem, or rather, you know, it can be received through the modem. That second image there, if it's all skinny one, plus the time that the Russian one showed up at the 9.996 megahertz, that one's kind of neat, it's got a lot of beeps, and if you're unaware, also the WWV and WWVH one, they use separate tones, so if you see two tones like in that image there, I believe it's 500, 600 Hertz tones, then that means you're receiving both of them at the same time, and also the 510 and 15 megahertz ones at WWVH in Hawaii are aimed west for islands like Philippines and Guam, and all those other islands that the United States sort of has a claim on, well not a claim, but you know, that where they occupy, and also the WWVH has a female voice, where WWVH has a male voice, there's other things that they broadcast, such as space weather and stuff, you can find a list of that, and they also show the schedule on the hour, if I remember correctly, and obviously there's shortwave radio on HF, some people don't realize that they still exist, but it definitely does, there's only a couple stations in North America, and if you are listening to a station and you're not sure what it is, shortwaveradio.com or shortdashwave.info are very good resources to find out what you're listening to, and it's great for estimating propagation, sometimes you know grease will show up at 9,420 kilohertz, that one, they play some fun music, but it also means that you know, my honest here might have an opening up to Europe around 10 megahertz on the 30 meter band, so it might be time to try some FD8 there, but there's also DRM, which is a digital radio signal, and you can decode those with a program called DREAM, you generally need a pretty good signal to noise ratio to decode these, because it's digital information, about 14 dB or higher is probably what's needed, and also you want to make sure that it doesn't have any horrific fading, otherwise you know you're losing data in mouse, and you can see DRM in both of the images, the top right image is when the Russians were testing a DRM station on their east coast, which for some reason played like a matrix song every time they turned off for the day, that was interesting, but you can find more info on the schedules at hfcc.org slash DRM, I personally like DRM, there's other signals on HF, of course modems, you got like Pactor modems, there's also the HFDL, which is for planes flying off the ocean, there's a program called Sorcerer that's very good at decoding those, and you can get their location and small messages I guess from those, there's GMDSS, which is for boats lost at sea, well not really lost, but they're doing things out there, and that's for setting up calls between boats and also if they're in distress, ALE, which is in the bottom left image is an MFK signal, you'll know when you hear it, it's about two or three seconds long, WeFax is common popular signal that people will receive and those can get you some interesting weather images, like in the bottom right, Citor B is also known as Navtex, you can get maritime notifications, which the ones I receive are usually, hey, Russia's doing a missile test in this area, don't take your boat out there, which is interesting, NFC is also technically a HF signal, and you'll find that at 15.56 megahertz if you can, you know, receive it because they don't go as a couple feet, there's also experimental radio stock trading interestingly, supposedly it goes from London to New York or Chicago, or I don't remember other place, but people have been experimenting with that because it's slightly faster by like a couple milliseconds to do radio than to send it over the internet, there's also channel markers, which they make a honking noise four times, and then a three-letter Morse code, which will tell you where it's from, the other image I have here, the fourth image on the top row is of the SOV modem, which is technically a military signal, I believe, which is from South Africa, that's worth noting because it's a very funky image, a funky signal which goes up at 4347, occasionally I can pick it up, but HF lightning, there's also lightning on HF, if you ever see this type of thing on your SDR, you need to unplug your antenna like immediately, this was across the state when this was happening, but it was still pretty hefty, lightning can show up all the way up to about 14 megahertz, probably higher if it's close, and you can just absolutely ruin your waterfall, and but it does make neat noises sometimes, and of course there is amateur radio all over HF, there is, you know, the 160 meter, which is technically MF, but there's also the 80 meters, 60 meters, 30 meters, 20 meters, 17 meters, 15, 12, 10 meters as well, but I'm glad this image was a field day 2019, there's a ton of Morse code flying around, and then you've got a row of PSK31 mostly, and two rows of FT8 there, we get asked about FT8 a lot on the signal identification wiki, because people don't realize what it is, and it comes in strong of course, some people can receive FT8 even without an antenna, and so now we are at VHF, and I'm sort of running slow, but VHF, this is the land of sporadic E, this is what sporadic E can do to a six meter signal, left is the image is a normal day, and the right image was a fantastic day for six meters, but that's just an idea of what sporadic E does, but in the low VHF band you'll find you'll find public utility comms for rural areas, military signals which are surprisingly just normal analog voice, and you're allowed to receive them, it doesn't seem like you should, but you can, that top left image I believe was two helicopters out for doing target practice, and also there's sing cars which is another military signal, and it uses packets that fly around because it's frequently like a frequency hopping spread spectrum, so it uses packets that fly around at 100 packets per second, it looks pretty neat, but you won't be able to receive that obviously because it's super encrypted stuff, and yeah, there's also remote telemetry stations that use meteor scatter propagation like snow tell, snow tell is an image in the middle, which is snow telemetry, they have stations up in the mountains, and when a meteor comes through the signal will get received hopefully from an ionization trail, the signal can bounce off of that, there's also still, there's still NTSC stations, there's none in the United States, there's a couple in Canada along the border as well as a couple in Mexico and the Caribbean islands that still exist, there's people that try and receive these because you can receive an NTSC signal much further than the new digital television signals, and there's also the primex wireless clock syncing signal which they use at like schools and stuff to sync all of the clocks, also older remote control toys still use low VHF somewhere around 70 megahertz usually, and that bottom image is actually an NTSC signal that was generated from a VCR and is being decoded by TVSharp, the guy that sent me that image is one of the guys that likes the NTSC DXing, which is becoming very hard to do, but he once received a signal in Canada all the way in Texas and we were watching Isle of Lucy, if I'm not correctly, and also there's of course the FM broadcast band, if you look at this image the rectangles on the sides of the FM broadcast signal are HD radio, I believe you there's a program to decode these, it's a proprietary signal so I'm not sure, but those are the signals that newer cars can receive, a bit clearer audio than normal FM signal, and above this you start running into the air band which there is VOR, which is used at small airports and such to get bearings on planes from their funky signal, uses the phase correlation something, it's very complicated, there's of course air band comms and A-cars, if you are interested in air band stuff definitely look up what's used by the local airports, A-cars can be used to track planes, if I remember correctly, and also sends messages from the airports to the planes, and of course there is the NOAA meteor and Orbcom satellites as well in this area around 137 megahertz, people ask about these a lot, they're very popular to receive the images from NOAA meteor, you can get some very nice satellite images, ISS is also over here they're in the two meter band usually, and of course right now they've been doing SSTV from there, they're much stronger than other VHF satellites, like NOAA is only like two watts or one watt or something and the ISS has been using 50 watts, and of course there is the military VHF sets around 260 megahertz that have become known because they've been hijacked by pirates, usually Brazilians and Russians from what I understand, they're just linear transponders, so if you know the input frequency you can just transmit on them, however that's very illegal, don't do it, and I don't even know if they are, but there's also MILSTAR which uses an FHSS frequency helping spread spectrum signal which is the image on the right, it sounds really dang neat, that middle image is on the other satellite which I don't know what exactly it is, but the left image if you find that 260 megahertz just like a solid solid rectangle that's probably one of those satellites that has been used, other signals in VHF include ATSC which you can decode with GNU radio, it's very CPU intensive, one of the distinctive features of ATSC signals that has a carrier on the left, which as you can see is just a little white line in that image as well as it being 6 megahertz across, and then there's also of course the NOAA weather radio which is pretty neat, if you have a good antenna you can generally receive a few of them, like I can receive four of them from here, and we've reached UHF which is 300 megahertz, 3 gigahertz, but I'm stopping at 2 gigahertz because that's the general maximum frequency that a lot of common SDRs use, and in UHF there's no longer, there's no longer anything to do with the ionosphere, you end up with tropospheric propagation which is very complicated and has to do with air density, and most of UHF is for LMR land mobile radio stuff which you need to look up your local frequencies for, as I was learning to make this presentation there's a lot more frequency bands that people use for public safety comms than what is around here, around here we only have stuff that like 150 megahertz and 460 megahertz or whatever it is, but there's also radio stuff at 700, 800, 500 megahertz in some cities, you should really look up what is used in your county or city, and there's digital voice modes like P25 DMR, NXDN, DSTAR, Fusion, and in Europe there's Tetra, they all look like just fuzzy, just fuzzy lines, and you can decode those with DSD plus or if you use the SDR sharp I think there's specifically a plugin for Tetra, but with public safety comms the dispatch signals usually analog but everything else is going to be digital and using trunking which we'll get to, GMRS and FRS is walkie-talkies and businesses, licensed channels can be encrypted, others can't be, and that law code there at the bottom is allows you to, it allows you to listen to everything as long as you're not breaking encryption, yeah because it's perfectly legal to listen to these things, it doesn't seem like it, but it is unless they make an attempt to encrypt it, trunked radio systems like I said, a lot of police and public safety stuff will use trunked radio systems, this could be an entire talking end of itself if you look at these images, the ones that are on all the time are the control channels and then the control channels tell the radios what frequencies to go to for the other voice channels and it hops around and you can use DSD plus with Fastlane or SDR trunk is another program you can use for trunked radio systems, these can be very complicated and like I said you can do a whole talk on just trunked radio systems, the control channel sounds different usually than the voice comm digital signals, another thing you can do an entire talk on is cell signals like I said I had to ask somebody for pictures of cell signals because we barely receive any from here, the left image is a 4G WCDMA signal and the right image is an LTE high speed 300 megabits per second signal, people have been using SDRs to see where 5G signals have popped up, there's none around here that I know of, even Seattle I don't think there's any yet but the people around LA have been seeing a few and it is illegal to interact with these signals by the way to my knowledge, you should probably look it up but um you're gonna look at them but you can't receive them to my knowledge and also in the UHF you have the ISM bands 433 MHz and 902 to 928 MHz, this can also be an entire other talk and in fact there usually is talks about these signals in the wireless village but there'll be just little bursts of data all over the place, a lot of them if you're in an apartment complex or something or in a city you will just see a ton of these little bursts going around, they're usually AFSK signals which is audio frequency shift keying, some of them can be decoded but unless you know exactly what you're looking at you're gonna end up staring at bits forever, ADS-B is of course another signal up here at 1090 MHz and this is used by planes, they send out near real-time GPS information and speed information and altitude and these can be tracked with uh you can do it yourself with RTL 1090 or Dump 1090, it's pretty popular to set up a station to receive these and then pump the results out something like ADS-B exchange is my favorite, you can find out what all the planes are usually that are flying overhead from there but again this is another signal type where you can do an entire talk on this and people have done entire talks on ADS-B because it is incredibly complicated and there's a lot to do with it, this signal is actually of the interrogator signal which is sent out from airports I believe other signals in UHF you got radiosons which are your weather balloons and you can track these the top images there you got the thing showing the tracking and in the middle one you have the actual signal itself or one of the types of signals and also there's pagers up here at 329 to 336 MHz it is illegal to receive these because there's usually confidential information sent because pages are usually used by places like prisons and hospitals if you were to generate your own signal though you can use a program called PDW to decode them there's also fixed microwave links they usually go between transmitter sites or other types of things you can see that in the bottom image of just really big fuzzy blobs usually SCADA is another thing which is used for industrial automation and telemetry they just kind of stick random data in there and it gets modulated GPS signals it starts at about 1.2 GHz and goes to 1.3 GHz for a normal GPS signal unfortunately the wiki currently does not have an image of GPS if you can get a GPS signal please add it to the wiki but there's also the 1.5 GHz which is another type of GPS signal and also the hydrogen line at 1.42 GHz which is kind of famously at 21 centimeters if you watch Star Trek the next generation that comes up once or twice which that you can point up at the sky and see and see the signal generated by hydrogen so if you point it at the milky way you'll get a bit of a signal there it's pretty interesting there's also the ghost satellites which use high resolution picture transmission at 1.67 to 1.71 GHz those can you get some very nice very very nice satellite images that are in color if you can receive them but everybody's kind of hit 2 GHz so the wiki the signal ID wiki you can contribute to it anybody can contribute to it the wikis only as good as the people that contribute to it so we need more contributions constantly you can find those on the requested page on what we want on there's things like GPS for some reason hasn't been added there's a couple types of cell signals that we don't have any information on that's also i'm sure a ton of stuff in vhf and uhf that we have yet adds to the wiki and if you wish to explore an sdr that link there is a very good sdr that gets hf 0 to 30 megahertz that's the one most people use another thing with the wiki there is a discord business instructions on the website on how to get into the discord if you're watching this defcon talk you can actually PM me on like discord and i can send you a link if you're serious about helping but uh yes there's a lot of nerds in the discord if you ever have any questions they're very very good at signals way better than me anyway thank you thank you for watching this presentation you can follow me at twitter on pancake ffm if you like star trek means i'm in a radio related tweets and special thanks to cartoon man and no people which are this sick id admins and also the other wiki contributors and also my friends who have encouraged me to do this presentation all right i think that's it and i think it's this button there we go all right q and a if you are in the if you are in the defcon server you can go to h hrv presentation text and i can answer some questions if you have any questions hopefully you do howdy goodness i hope that went slightly smoothly anybody got any questions again it's in the defcon main server and it's the hrv presentation text what's the strangest signal i've come across one of the strangest signals is um that solve the modem from south africa it uses a combination of teletype and mfsk and a couple other things it's very weird what what software do i use i use hd sdr i think it's one of the nicer programs runs better than sdr sharp any beginning any resources for beginning sdr analysis honestly go to the wiki the wiki has a ton of signals if you see any signal is almost guaranteed to be on the wiki program is for decoding signals sr is very good multi psk is a very old program but it works have i seen any atsc three signals no but i've heard that they're rolling out i've seen some images of them on twitter from other radio dorks and i think it looks slightly different from normal atsc and yeah pagers are kind of complicated because of the confidential information i think it's technically legal to receive them but um yeah you can't store the pager data it's really odd but you can receive them sort of but you should probably check the rules yourself any other questions i do you recommend uh following trunking with a single single sdr sdr trunk and dsd plus and fast lane together i believe those two programs can do trunking i have i haven't done trunking because of trunking signals stuff because i we just barely have any vhf and uhf uh signals around here and yeah always check your local laws if you're questioning anything is it possible to modify radio FM radio receivers to cover wide range i have no idea that might be possible but probably not much further than like the airband or slightly below because those things those radio receivers are generally pretty specified to just normal 80 to 105 megahertz area i actually really like radars that's why there are so many radar images uh have you found unencrypted car key fobs that were replayable uh yeah they're supposed to lay a bunch i haven't found any because uh i just don't look for them find the receipt yeah the pager stuff is the pager stuff is complicated definitely but from what i understand though a lot of car key fobs can be replayable i don't think very many of them are encrypted in any way it's usually just like a number that it sends to them what kind of antennas do i use i have a delta loop which is about 150 150 feet of wire in a bigger big triangle above the house so i use that for hf and that's tuned for about 40 meters of seven megahertz and that basically actually covers all of hf and lower like vlf i can get a little bit of vlf on it works pretty well and then i have an antenna as well that's a six by six foot loop that is tuned for around 45 megahertz to get the low vhf band stuff like the military comms that's used in the area when you recommend a generic transmitter i don't do much transmitting actually and the transmitting i do do is just hand radio stuff so just on the normal hand bands but uh what i understand is stuff like the hack rf and blade rf can transmit a little bit if you're just doing like iot related stuff and there's again laws involved with transmitting that you probably want to look up is there any other questions because i think i'm like about out of my time there's a lot now i will be in the hrv presentation voice after i stop streaming yes a great talk thank you it was very nervous to do it yes all right see you later again i'll be in the hrv presentation voice channel if you have any questions after i stop thank you