 Good morning, and welcome to the post-flight crew press conference for the STS-62 mission. That was the 16th mission of Columbia and the 61st mission in the shuttle program. I'll turn it over to the crew commander. He'll reintroduce the five member crew to you, and then they'll talk about their mission. I'll turn it over to John Casper. Thank you Kyle. Welcome everyone to our press conference, post-flight press conference. I'd like to start off by introducing the crew again. On my far left, Marcia Ivins, mission specialist. On my left, our pilot, Andy Allen. On my right, mission specialist, Sam Gamar. And on our far right, Pierre Thuit, mission specialist. What I'd like to do now is to run the movie, and we'll all narrate parts of the movie, so if we could start that. A little logo showing our crew patch. Of course each crew gets a chance to design their own individual patch. And some shots of suiting up before the flight here. With a few scenes of each crew member as we don our pressure suits, landing and entry suits. Pilot Andy with a little note home to his kids, Jessica and Meredith. Pierre taking it easy here after he gets suited up. And Sam with his friend Theodore. This is a little teddy bear that has traveled around the country and now around the world. It's given to different travelers with a little note about where it's been. And it took quite a journey, quite a voyage this time. Marcia. And you can see all the crew is fairly relaxed. This was an experienced crew with nine flights among the five of us before we flew. Coming out to the launch pad. And great weather for a launch that day. We've all been here before, and you can see some of the water deluge getting us ready to go. And it is still a thrill each and every time we do it. Six seconds prior is main engines. And at T-Zero we get the solid rockets to light off. From the inside, when the solids light off, we definitely know we're going somewhere. We don't know exactly where we're going, but we know we're going. It's a nice ride to get through there. There's a lot of vibration there in the first stage. And it is really a tremendous kudo to all the people that make this work. To me the most important part of the mission is the first eight and a half minutes. And it was flawless all the way up. And the people at the Kennedy Space Center deserve, to each and every one of them, a heartfelt appreciation for how they make this look and how easy they make this look. And we know the thousands and thousands of checks that it takes to make it all work as well as it can. This is the most versatile vehicle that we take into space anywhere. And it's got so much capability getting it there is their work. And they do it flawlessly again. SRB separation at two minutes, about 150,000 feet. Our ride smooths out quite a bit here. We're about two and a half Gs on our bodies right there. Get up into space at three Gs. We dropped the external tank off. The SRBs are recovered in the external tank. We tried to follow it as it started its journey back into the atmosphere. This is going over some of Africa. Now you get a shot of our payload bay. It looked pretty full to us when we looked out the window and opened the doors. But USMP in the front, Oast in the back, the EDO cryo pallet in the very aft end of the orbiter. All the various experiments that were going to be conducted. The limited duration candidate materials exposure experiment on the left and then the dexterous end effector behind it on the left. You can see USMP again on the right there. And then the SSBUV, the Shuttle Solar Back Scatter Ultraviolet experiment on the right there. Now this USMP was one of the primary payloads. And USMP was what we've talked about was tele-science. And this is a shot of the Marshall Payload Operation Control Center. And they sent almost 10,000 commands to their payloads throughout the mission. This is some folks sitting at the console getting ready to look at some of the dendrites that were developed during the isothermal dendritic growth experiment. And this is what they were looking at. And this is what helped them to modify the experiment during the mission. The EISG glow portion of host, you can see the little nozzle there right in the middle of that plate which is where the nitrogen was released. Of course we did an ohms burn to lower altitude to 105 miles. This is what you see what happens inside during an ohms burn. And the purpose of that was to try to maximize the glow. During all the gas releases, Marcia and I were busy photographing from inside the cabin to compliment the sensors that were in the payload bay that were observing the glow phenomena. And this is two of us with a little red lenses on our flashlights taking pictures of the glow. This was a 35-shot that I think Marcia took, 35-millimeter shot of the glow. One of the new technology demonstrations that we had on this flight was an extra sand effector. Here you can see Marcia coming in to grapple the magnetic attachment tool. Of course this is a little bit different than what we've used in the past. In the past the RMS has always used the mechanical apparatus to grapple payloads. And this we used a magnetic. Or you can see the tracking mirror or the tracking target in the mirror. And one of our office views on orbit here we're passing over the Bahamas during the operations. The task was a multiple task looking at how you would assemble possibly structures in space like a space station. We had a couple of feedbacks into the cabin. At the bottom there was a force torque sensor and the top was the end effector or the cameras. The little flashing lights in the center of this mirror, big mirror is a camera in the payload bay and it looks at a mirror now on the end effector. And data was gathered on this to understand how accurately we could move a target if you couldn't see it. This could be important later in assembling a space structure when you can't actually see what you're doing but you have to mate two fairly large pieces of hardware together and it worked just fine. You can see the arm here has this board at the bottom of it with some pegs at the end. We basically inserted pegs in the holes and found that we could do this to a tolerance of about a sixty thousandths which is pretty small. The force torque sensor display here indicated how much forces we had in six directions and it allowed us to basically feel what we were doing with the end effector and it worked great. Here we are again simulating a space station task. This is one of the biotechnology experiments from Bioserve in Colorado. These are rosy periwinkle sprouts which we grow by just inserting water into them when we get on board. As it turns out the root of the rosy periwinkle is one of the major cancer fighting drugs that we have and they find that it grows more pure or the cell remembers to make more of its drug basically in orbit than it does on the ground. We took these little tubes out and photographed them to see how things were progressing and if you look in there closely you see a little guy swimming around in circles. That's a brine shrimp. We grow these because they spend their entire lifetime in the duration of our flight. This is the commercial protein crystal growth experiment that Marcia and I worked on every day or actually three times a day for the entire mission. We took a video of the top tray of that experiment and you can see inside the solutions there you can see what's forming the crystals that are forming. It was the first time I've had an opportunity to work with one of these experiments and it was pretty exciting to see the actual growth of the crystals and knowing what that will do for the scientists on the ground to help produce better drugs to fight disease. We had another APCG on board as well and then the PCAMs were another crystal growth experiment. This particular shot is of the modem index zero gravity dynamics experiment. This is a characteristic representative truss structure of a large space type truss. This is the second time this has flown previously on 48 and now on 62. We find that over the course of the flight those protocols that we repeated from the previous flight, SCS-48, overlay almost perfectly. Again, we spent about nine days working on this particular experiment and collected some nine gigabytes of data that are now being analyzed by students at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and staff there. This particular shot is during one of the educational DSOs that we participated in. This is a downlink video and of course has been recorded on board by our equipment. John and I participated in a number of blood chemistry analysis type experiments testing some new prototype hardware. Actually this stuff is commercial hardware that's off the shelf looking at applications for long duration space flights. Blood chemistry is something obviously that you have to watch very carefully on a long duration mission to constantly check the health of the crew members on board. What we're trying to show here is a couple different things. The first thing, I am in our lower body negative pressure suit which is a device that's trying to help us re-adapt gravity when we get home by creating a negative pressure in the lower half of our body which will help our fluids go back down into the lower half of our bodies and that will help us re-adapt a little bit better when we get home. One of the other things you can get out of these scenes this scene and the next one that is coming along is this area of our mid-deck was everything to us. It was every room in our house all put into one. We've got Martian and Pierre working on protein crystals Sam and I are working in the LBMP as well as Moda is in the background there. This is our laboratory, our gymnasium, our kitchen, our bathroom, our sleeping area, bedroom and this is our home. And our shower, taking a sponge bath for 14 days you know there's some parts you miss here and getting your hair clean is easier for some of them than it was for others of us. However, we carry some stuff on board that works pretty well. They all had to get out of my way when I was doing my hair. You can see that doing this without gravity is not as easy. And we always have the obligatory eating scene in the movie and the one thing most people don't think about when you're eating up there is what if you need some seasoning? So we carry salt and pepper on board but it's not the kind that you shake it's the kind you squirt. It's salt and pepper that's put into a solution with water and you just squirt the salt and pepper into your food and then stir it up a little bit and you can season your food that way and that's what I'm doing here. That's beef tips and mushrooms by the way. Now our laboratory, our daytime laboratory in the dining area kitchen has now been transformed into sleeping quarters. Here you can see Andy up on the flight deck, Marcia in the airlock and as you pan around John and I were on the starboard bulkhead sleeping there and Pierre will ultimately see up suspended from the ceiling. Sleep is very comfortable. You feel fully supported. You can see the natural position that the body kind of assumes with the hands and the arms out extended out in front of you and that's real. The sleep restraints just keep us from kind of banging into each other although it would not be necessary. Another one of our duties on board is taking pictures. We took almost 10,000 pictures while we were on board every time any of us would have a minute. We would get upstairs and work one of our cameras. We had a 90 millimeter camera, we had 70 millimeter cameras as well as our 35 millimeter on board plus our movies. This first shot is just a shot looking down the Gulf of Aqaba down into the Red Sea, Sinai is on the right there in Saudi Arabia there is on the left. And from our altitude and 39 degree inclination we just got a real beautiful glimpse of most of the habitable earth. Some of the Himalayas chain with Tibet and China on their respective side. We looked real hard to see if we could find the Great Wall of China and unfortunately some of it, some of the best views of it were during our sleep periods. This is a tropical cyclone Latain that was in the Indian Ocean during our flight. We got some stills of this as well as some actual video of it and we went on two consecutive passes. We basically went right over it. The thing was so huge that we saw it twice. Cold water clouds or closed cell clouds, what they're called these are off the coast of Chile and they made such an interesting pattern that we photographed them almost every time we went over them. They are caused as a result of a high pressure over cold water. This is one of our U.S. passes here. We're coming in over the San Francisco Bay, Oakland Bay area, San Joaquin Valley to the south of the tail and eventually we're coming over Sierra Nevada and pushing out across towards the east coast. We had four daylight passes every day, typically in our afternoon. Now you can see the Sierra Nevada, the snow-capped Sierra Nevada is coming into view. There's a small lake that is just, let's see, I don't see it now. A model lake I think just disappeared off to the right side of the screen. The U.S. passes though were pretty spectacular and again over the course of 14 days we had different attitudes and we were able to see parts of the country that had not been photographed before. Las Vegas Knives coming in right under the tip of the tail, they're passing off the center and now we're going to come in with Houston that's just off to the right side here and we'll come in over the coast in Galveston Bay. Now you can see the Gulf Coast coming into view in Galveston Island. This is a pass over the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan on the left, Lake Huron in the middle, Lake Erie to the right and from our, this was sort of the apex, our 39 degree inclination, we could look well up into Canada as you can see here Hudson Bay right up on the horizon there. That's Lake Erie that's coming into view now. A lot of that part of the country snow covered this time of year. And this is Cape Hatteras, the Outer Banks, North Carolina looking on up the coast to the Norfolk, Chesapeake Bay area. There's a little more Nader shot of Virginia beaches that point to land kind of in the middle left center, Norfolk a little bit more towards the top of the screen, the eastern shore of Virginia, the beginning of the Chesapeake Bay, Patuxent Potomac rivers up there and looking not quite all the way to D.C. but you can almost see Washington D.C. being around the very right of the screen. And this is coming over the northwest tip of Cuba kind of heading southeast and get to see a little bit of the Bahamas and the water around there, the beautiful colors that we've got a still shot of that you'll see the very deep blue colors of the very deep ocean and the light colors of the shallow water. Here's some of our exercise on board. We had a bicycler agometer, a little stretch band there to work out and our doctors, our medical folks said that we came back in great shape for the period of time that we're up there considering we're up there for 14 days and we attribute part of this at least to the fact that we exercised all the crew exercise during the flight. Again, right below me was John working on the agometer but we try to squeeze in where we can squeeze in and use this laptop computer for just a myriad of different purposes on board as well as we can send home our mail on that. Since it was close to spring break I thought we'd try a little bungee jumping and I don't think that had been done before in space so we want to claim it first. We didn't get the duration record but we did some bungee jumping. This was during our day off or half day off. Floating is like for most of us a dream come true. I mean you always dream as a child if you can fly and float and here you get the opportunity to do it and so when we did have the opportunity we did hear they're playing volleyball with me here or catch I guess. It's the day before entry we're going over reviewing some of our procedures for re-entry we're going through some of the checklists that we're going to use to make the entry and Andy's over in the right seat working our pilot computer. This is another laptop computer that we had to help us refresh ourselves and review the process we're going to do and we go through as we come around intercept the heading alignment circle passing over the Kennedy Space Center and make our turn to filing to a landing. So we had it set up over on the pilot seat and John and I worked quite a bit on it for the couple of days before entry and this is just a shot of what the simulation looks like as we're passing over the threshold of the KSC-15. Getting into suits is quite an affair in space. You don't think about the fact that you can't just put your pieces of clothes on the floor pick them up one at a time and get into them. It takes two people to get into these suits and it really is quite an arrangement. We all suited up. Looking out the pilots window here we had a camcorder this is as we're going into our thermal phase which is our glow phase or the area that we go through our thermal heating. The reflections you see off our backs that's a picture of John there and I'm on his right side. That's what we call sometimes incorrectly the plasma or the fire spikes that you see coming over top of it through the payload bay windows or through the overhead windows. The glow is some beautiful colors and you can see we're just about through it and by right window you can look down and see the earth again. This is our trajectory as we're coming across the country. The white line is our orbit if we had stayed in orbit but now we're doing a cross range across the country to get back home. Here's a shot of the actual runway KSC runway 33 taken out of the pilots right-hand window and the vehicle assembly building down to the right there. It really wasn't that bumpy on the approach. It's just hard to hold that camera steady. We're at the Kennedy Space Center. We come down the outer glide slope and Andy lowers the gear at 300 feet. It's always amazing to me that this vehicle which has been our home our spaceship for 14 days now comes back and lands like an airplane. We're touching down about 207 knots here. We had one last test to perform and that was to deploy the landing drag chute which we've made some modifications to. Deployed that just at the start of our derotation at 175 knots and worked very well and very bright light breaking to bring us to a complete stop. In all we flew 224 orbits around the earth some 5.8 million miles and it was a great flight. We're glad to be back and happy to be able to tell you about it.