 And we'll just lady it a happy Father's Day. Happy Father's Day, everybody. Thank you for staying up late with us. Today was not a great sleeping day, but that's okay. We got some good video instead. So, Mr. Lady, did we have, or Daddy, Ada, do we have any news updates if you want people to look at it? Yeah, well, first off, this was, we were at Ada Fruit today at the factory and our kid was sort of taking it out but she was playing, we were playing kids play. They stick their hand outside the crib and you like, you know, you tickle them and then they put their hand in, they play a little game. No, we didn't kidnap a person. This isn't some, yeah, Twitter man, Twitter. So anyways, I put it online, because I'm like, oh, this is cute. This is like, you know, this is a tender touching moment. People are like, oh, this is nice. I can't, and then of course- It's a crib, not a cake. And then of course, Twitter's like, some guy on Twitter. Anyways, so the other thing that's going on besides Father's Day is tomorrow is Juneteenth. Ada Fruit has had this as an official holiday and we're not shipping tomorrow. So please keep that in mind. We'll be shipping on Tuesday. So if you order anything tonight, it will not ship until Tuesday and please check our blog for coverage and more stories of people and some folks in the Ada Fruit community and our team are doing some things for Juneteenth. So check out AdaFruit.com slash blog for more. Lady, what is on your desk this week? Okay, well we have a couple of cool weird retro mailbag things. I'm still doing hardware, but I'd like to intersperse some of the hardware and hacking stuff with some stuff that we get in the mail. So what do you want me to show? The McNugget Tetris or the DOS Tetris? Let's start off with the McNugget. So this is a Tetris game from McDonald's China. Yeah, maybe go to the computer and we'll do the whole intro. Yeah, and it's been covered in some places, but I thought it would be great to get one and have Lady Ada take it apart. Okay. So let's just start it off. What... Oh, did you wanna go to the computer? I could show. You wanna do that? I'll go. Yeah, I could show this. Okay, so about 20 days ago, like three weeks ago, we saw articles about this like funky giveaway, like Happy Meal toy that was a chicken nugget shaped Tetris toy. And this is like everything I've always wanted in my childhood, I love chicken nuggets and I love Tetris. And so it was really important for me to get one of these. So I had one of our purchasers in China pick one up and send it to me. And they're bigger than you think. These are fairly large chicken nugget-based Tetris player, but I guess you would purchase them or you got it with your Happy Meal. Anyways, so I got one... Well, it comes in a little McNugget box. Yes, it got smuggled in. So I did open it already because I wanted to see what was going on, but let's show it on the overhead all of this McNugget goodness. I think this is the first tear down that I've seen of the guts of it and maybe what's in it. I thought Lady Eda could talk about it. So here's the thing, actually, I messed this up because it turns out the box is actually like a McNugget box. Yeah. Like this is the same box that McNugget would come in. Yeah, I opened it. You ripped it on the side like a raccoon. Yeah. That's how a raccoon opens up McNugget's Lady Eda. Yeah, okay, so you can see this actually did get, you know, it pays licensing official Tetris. Look at this, they got like official Tetris product. And this is their little logo. So people know it's an official Tetris and you can see there's a long Tetromino about to make a Tetroid, whatever they call it for four bar Tetris success. Okay. So I don't know that I'm sure there's like names for all the different things like four bar clearing. Okay. So this is, I just removed the screws. You know, there was, there was a bunch of screws on the outside and I removed them. It does come with AA batteries. Ironically, the screwdriver I picked out was like my Heath kid screwdriver. So like most kids toys, it has a screw in to keep the batteries from getting open. Otherwise kids take out the batteries and eat them because they look like delicious candies. So it comes with two AAA batteries and they're already, you know, it was actually already in place. So I didn't have to put the batteries in, which makes sense. Like most people are not going to have a screwdriver handy when they're at the McDonald's. And then there's an on off switch off. And then on. And when you turn it on, you know, it quickly lights up all of the segments. So you can see that they're active. One thing is because I opened this, I also opened up this, I'll open up this later. This is a little loose. So the M sometimes doesn't light up. Yeah, there you go. And then to actually activate it, there's a little power switch and it does a little song and it blinks. And then if you actually want to play, you can select the levels. So you can see it can go level. You want to get to like level 15, maybe don't start with level eight. And then the thing that took me a while to figure out, you press pause to start. Oh my God, that's actually fairly hard. And then there's left, right. And then this is rotate, except I can't, I'm not going to be able to play very well. With a, over a screen. But so there's up down left, sorry, up down, sorry, left, right, rotate, down fast, down, like instant down. So like immediately goes to the bottom and then just like sped up down. Although like the game is much faster than I remember. I kind of vaguely remember it being fairly slow for things to drop. And there's also a speaker button. If you don't want to have it beep so loudly. So let's take a look at what's going on inside. So I opened it up. The screws, which is, I think it was kind of funny. The screws are triangle, not Phillips or Flathead. And I don't think that's any like, like, oh, we don't tamper proofness. I think just probably when you're torquing a lot of screws very quickly, maybe triangle is easier to get a good grip on. Maybe it's like less likely to strip. But I just used a Flathead, like we have Flathead set and it was fine. Got good enough grip. I mean, it's only plastic. And then on the inside, there's a bunch of little Phillips. So let's open this. See, I mean, it's always an epoxy blob. But maybe there's something to see with the epoxy blob. You can always learn something from any teardown. Can we push it up a little bit more? Oh, yeah. So there you go. One thing that's interesting is how recently that these were fabbed. I mean, this was a very quick build. These were manufactured in, you know, basically last day of February. That's when the PCBs were made. And then they were immediately, you know, pick and placed and then assembled. And they made 500,000 of these. So that was very fast. They were basically released, you know, within the last month. So it's been, it was like two months to manufacture 500,000 pieces. McDonald's knows how to do stuff in large quantities very quickly. Okay. So now we got this PCB. So let's remove the PCB. First off, let's make sure we turn this off, which is off. It's a good idea. Okay. So here is the circuit board. It's a couple of interesting things here. I mean, not surprising. It's an epoxy blob. It's a ASIC. I'm sure it's got custom programmed, you know, whatever, 8051, something cheap with write only memory, sorry, read only memory. So you write once and it's the problem, probably not flash, but you never know. And then it's a single-sided PCB, which I always think is great because it's like, it's always fun to see how the routing is done. I mean, like, you know, for 500,000 pieces and they're probably like, well, maybe we'll release this in the US later. You know, the die, they could probably request, I mean, there's all these GPIOs, but maybe they could request the ordering to be a certain way, I don't know. Or maybe they're just, they really are plain GPIOs. These are LCD drivers. There's no, there's no separate LCD chip. I don't think unless there's one bonded underneath. It could, I don't think it was like a custom chip chip, but maybe there's a chip that is configurable enough that it wasn't too difficult to make this layout. Looks like, yeah, there's no jumpers even. So everything was totally linear. It's kind of cute. And they can see the test pads here. These are all test points. So before they did the final assembly to make sure that the epoxy under the epoxy, the wires were bonded correctly, they'd probe all these pads to make sure that, you know, all the signals were coming out properly because it's a lot of, you know, they want to manufacture these as quickly possible, verify, program them if necessary or, you know, whatever, burn in that final firmware and then test all the pads before doing the final assembly. So that's the most labor intensive part. This part actually is ironically not very labor intensive because, you know, the PCB line is fully automated. So single-sided PCB and then, you know, test pads everywhere. And then this is one elastomer piece. So you can see in this, you know, looks like, it's probably a hassle code or maybe in, it looks like it might be a very light gold code. It's kind of, kind of got a little bit of a golden color. This is a custom elastomer with, these are called like carbon pills. So little, so this is molded and then these little black carbon conductive bits are glued in or molded in and glued in. And then this is like the big button and then these are the smaller buttons and then the directional pad. You know, this is almost certainly not programmable but you could probably hack the buttons if you wanted to have like different controls for the game. And then we've got, this is the battery port here. So a little bit of epoxy, which is nice. And then this is soldered nicely into the case that's molded in to the battery case that's molded in. Not surprisingly, you know, two AAA batteries gives you about like, you know, two and a half, three volts and you can run your LCDF of that. And then there's one resistor here for the power switch. Oh, no, clear, what's up with that? Maybe it's a light pull down to act or whether it's, you know, what would it be for? So this is the ground. The two sides are ground and then the middle connects between the battery. Yes, oh, you know what? It's probably a draining resistor. So what happens is that when you turn it off, you know, you've cut power, but you want to make sure that the power is drained out that it doesn't, like the LCD doesn't stay on because it's probably a very low power setup. So this is a 100 ohm resistor that when it's off, it connects between power and ground and just like the, now disconnected from the battery power ground, the power on this chip to drain it completely, make sure there's no floating voltages at all. It keeps you from getting like weird, you know, the display might still be lit up and people are like, oh, is it really off or not? This way it would like totally clears out the display instantly. And then over here is a piezo disc for the bleepy sound effects and some wires and the wires go into this. This is like a little driver chip. Interesting that, you know, it could be that this chip that was used here doesn't, wasn't initially designed to do like a piezo beeper or maybe it wasn't meant to go off of such a low voltage. So this might be a little driver. It might be a little, it might be a little booster, like a switch cap booster to get the 2.5 to five volts to get this nice and loud because I see two capacitors here, although this, I'm clear, this capacitor goes in here, maybe this capacitor goes in there. I mean, this is a blank chip which I find kind of fascinating, right? Like who, like, you know, who's gonna care? But there's no marking on it. So it's been sanded off or, you know, they got the chip without printing on it. So, but it's connected to the piezo and you can see that the two piezo pins are connected without, like they're not showing a ground. So it's probably like some H-bridgey type thing that just alternates the pins. It gives you a little bit more volume to do that with piezos. When you have a PWM on one pin and then you have the flipped PWM on the other pin, you know, you get this differential voltage that's higher, that's a little bit louder. Yeah, like a, you know, about twice as loud. So that's it. And then over here is the, you know, this is the button, like cluster. So this is molded and then you just pop this in directly. So you don't have to do, you know, any work. And then what's interesting is usually, yeah, so this is a little notch. So this notch has to match up with here and that's how they make sure that whoever's assembling this, you know, they quickly assemble it. They put it the right way up because these have to be facing up. And then this is a little spacer, a little piece of cardboard spacer. And then this is the LCD. So the LCD is custom, not surprising, there's this glass. And then what's interesting, this is what's called zebra. I'm gonna remove this. You can kind of like barely see from behind here. See the little stripes? I don't know if you can see it. Maybe I need something dark. Bucket there, snap, give me a little bit more contrast. No, maybe this phone. Yeah, so you see the zebras. So that's those stripes, those are the ITO pattern contacts that connect to all the segments on here. There's a lot of segments because remember every single brick is a segment and then there's the segments for the number of lines. And I think it was like seven segments times for digits and then like score and whatever, you know, there's all these, and then like, you know, which one's next. So, you know, easily like over a hundred segments, you're gonna have like, you know, 16, I don't know, it looks like a couple dozen on that side. And then on this side, ditto. And one of the things they do to, let's see, yeah, you can kind of see it there. So one of the things that's done to save money is, well, first of all, there's no backlight here. So, you know, like the original Game Boy, you have to play this in a place with light or have a separate light. To save money, these are not bonded to pads. Instead, there's these things called like zebra elastomers. And you can see also there's a little conductive bit here. And it looks like it's a solid piece of conductive but it's actually not. It's a very fine layer of conductive and non-conductive. And so basically what this means is that this has little threads of conductivity going through it in the Z-axis only. And it doesn't connect this way. It doesn't conduct it this way or this way, just down. And so if you wanna make a lot of contact, like this has a couple dozen contacts total, you just put these in, you use this as a holder. You put these in and then you use the screws on the back here to press the contacts here against the zebra elastomer, which then goes to the LCD and as long as you just torque it tight enough. And actually, if you look at almost every LCD, even your standard 16 by two character LCD, underneath that black metal piece is a zebra elastomer. So I can show that maybe on the overhead and I'll elastomeric. So yeah, this is a really good diagram. Okay, go to the computer and show. So this is what they look like underneath. And for LCDs because it's just the LCD itself is glass and so it's not easy, you can't solder to it or use like a SMT connector. And so you see that there's these patterns on the glass and then this is a very low cost piece of elastic. And then here's the contactors and the PCB. So these are custom made. You can get this elastomeric stuff, strips and the patterning isn't generic, it's just very, it's very finely sandwiched. And so they say like, you guys can just wanna make sure you have at least like five of these little conductive bits per contact down here. But as long as the display is aligned over, it's basically like a little sandwich conductor and it's rubbery. So with temperature and with pressure, it'll still work. So that's a fun tear down, anything else you wanted? No, so can you go to the Oren? Yeah. All right, so everyone's gonna ask and so the black spot, the blob there, what if you wanted to get at that? What if you wanted to do that? What would you do? Well, you could, I mean, the thing is that it's not like it's gonna be reprogrammable. Although I do think it's kind of funny, there's like this SDA, SCK down here. And though I think that's probably a temperature sensor or something, it's not necessarily a... You don't want this to get too hot. Yeah, you don't want that to get too hot. I sort of doubt that it's reprogrammable. So, you know, you would have to mechanically, I mean, this is very strong. You would have to mechanically grind it away and you're kind of likely to dampen the chip. You might be able to get from the other side, ironically, might be a little easier because this is paper phenolic. You could just gently sand it. So people might wanna just figure out what it is. Yeah, you could absolutely scrape it away, but it's, you know, and then you would use a really high quality microscope to maybe be able to see the, maybe there's something on the chip that says who made it or something. It's tough because like 500,000 pieces, like it's like, you're not gonna have custom silicon, but you're gonna have customized silicon, perhaps at that point. But also maybe, like, you know, again, McDonald's could say, hey, we wanna release this in other countries. We need the ability to be able to make, you know, 5 million which becomes popular. Okay. So I have to think about it. So that's a turnout of a McNugget. It's very hard, by the way, once you can move the elastomer to realign it. Usually they have a tool to make the alignment. So I'll try, but I did get two. So this is gonna be, this might have been our sacrificial nugget. Thank you, thank you so much. Okay, cool. All right, so. All right, you got something else now, too. Yeah, okay, we're gonna, we'll go a little long because heck, it's not like we have like a baby or anything to do with it. Yeah, it's fine. All right, so I'm gonna put them in back over here. Okay, so, okay, go to the computer again. Okay, so the next thing is, like many people, we saw this ridiculous laptop with an 8088, 8086 processor. Like, no, it can't run Doom because it's like so early. And in a laptop with like original chips and a socket for an 8087, I don't know. I think maybe it's like a floating point unit. I don't know what the 8087 is. It has an OPL3 Yamaha chipset. So it can like do more than just plain beeps. And it runs MS-DOS and it's just this like funky weird laptop. So we just got it like today. So I haven't done a lot of hacking with it, but let's go to the overhead. And I'll show some of this off. So this is, I'm gonna make some room here. So it is a laptop. You can even see down here, there is a massive four amp hour lithium polymer battery. I removed, there was some removable cover so you can see and replace the chip. So this is the RTC, the HD465. I don't know how the heck this person got these old chips whether they found some cache of them and that's what came up with this idea or whether they actually like gutted some 8086 motherboards somehow they got like some PC, IBM PC Junior chips. This year is the 8253. This is the color graphics adapter. So you can do up to 320 by 202 bit color, text amount and four bit color or graphics 160 by 104 bit color. That's what it says down here. Oh, it's hard to see. Maybe I'll try to autofocus it. This is the HY638256. This looks like it's just, it's an eProm. So it's a program chip. 8284, 8288. Yes, it's like 1990, 93. This date code 92, this is made in the mid 90s. So these are a little late in the game. Honestly, I thought these chips would be mostly made in the 80s but I guess they're made in the 90s. And then I don't want to take it out because it's booted right now but there is a compact flash card and that's the data storage. Fun fact, the first MP3 player I made used a compact flash socket. Maybe I can, man, what was it called? Can you go to, let's see. No, this is, hold on. Let me see if I can find this file. It was the original Minty MP3. Oh my God, I mean, yeah, come on the computer. So I just don't even know. I was like, oh, I'll look at my Minty MP3 folder. So it's like, I have a folder called old and it's like CVS because it didn't exist at the time. But let's see if I can open this. Minty MP3 version one on BRD. People are like, how long have you been using Eagle CAD? Since 2004, it's been like 20 years. I just got like a cake, happy birthday. We'll see if this even opens in Eagle nine. Oh, it does, but it wants me to sign in. Okay, so just like always fun. So you can see, hold on. See, this is a compact flash socket here. So compact flash, this was with a PIC16F877, great chip. And then, yeah, this is a mollusk compact flash. So compact flash is basically like an IDE drive. You have eight bits of data, you have three bits of address. And then I think you have like latch, I mean, this is kind of a terrible schematic, but I think you have like latch, read, write, et cetera. Yeah, ready, write enable, output enable, et cetera. So you can just, you talk to it like an IDE driver just looks like a gigantic memory space. So that would make sense why compact flashes is what's used here. So let's go back to the overhead, go fast. Okay, so I don't want to remove it, but I think it's like a 256 megabyte compact flash. So it's like a little mini IDE drive. This is a USB key. So there is a USB port, which I was like, whoa, what's up with that? Cause obviously USB did not exist at the time, these chips were invented. So inside actually is, when you boot it tells you, it's got a CH375, which is a, like I said, interface, like, you know, eight bits data, interrupt, chip select, address, write and read latch, interface to USB, and they wrote a driver for USB keys. I will note that not everything will work. I try, you know, you really want to have something simple. I think a four, I did have a four gigabyte SD card, micro SD card, but that, it might have worked, but it like hung and I was like, well, either it's broken or it's just taking forever. So in the shop, we have very small micro SD cards. And these are, these are like a kind of a godsend whenever you're dealing with very older, like cranky electronics because they use the original SD format, not like SDX something or SDHC, it's like SD, and that's it. And so this, this one did work. And so I was able to transfer some files over. So this is it. Oh, I forgot the buttons. I pressed the little thingy with my driver. So that's just, it just beeps, but it's fairly fast. And then yeah, I can put in this, there you go. It's got a BIOS, it's booting, it's like a GPL BIOS. And then this is, there's a screen protector here, but I'm just going to keep it on. It's not IPS display, it's just kind of a little, I mean, but like this was like 150 bucks. So like what do you expect? And then you can see here, yeah, the CH375. And then, you know, you can plug in the disk drive. And then this time when I reboot, it'll recognize it. I mean, it's a thing. I mean, it is much less powerful than you remember because people are so used to like, oh, like how bad can it be? It's not a 386, it's an 8086. Okay, so I did find this time a disk. So it's like, okay, I loaded that USB key on disk drive D. Give it a second. I think it has to scan the disk drive. Yeah, you can see like, it's like accessing it, okay? So the keyboard is not bad. And it came with a couple of things built in like Fox base. I don't completely understand like the first time you do something at like, I think it's like reading the whole fat table and memory or something or it's swapping stuff in and out. It takes a moment. One thing I did remember is you can keep typing and then like when it comes back because it's handled by DMA, it's like, oh, CD game. And then I copied over Tetris, but it came with like Arcanoid. I tried Hobbit, but I think, I think the Hobbit was meant for the 386 and it didn't run. I think I was a little bit optimistic from when it came out. So this is the DOS version of Tetris. I just downloaded this from the site called abandonedware DOS. I just took a little for like DOS, 886 games. And then you can run this, but yeah, I mean, in case you're wondering, like, oh, can I run Doom? You can't run Doom. So I believe this only does CGA. Gonna say no to a joystick. And it doesn't have the audio card working. So you really just get beeps. Let's see. You can do it. Yeah, I mean, I kind of like, I vaguely remember this startup screen. Okay. Yeah, so you can, yeah, this changes the backgrounds. Not bad graphics. Four color graphics, whoa. And then we'll return a, I don't know how you rotate question. Not like that. It's been a while. Okay. Let's see. How do you rotate? Oh, it's a shift. X, Y, Z. Oh, Q quits. Anyways, let me remember how to play Tetris later. Oh, I'll practice on my McNugget. So that's the DOS machine. That's it for now. I mean, it's kind of cool. Maybe I'll, I saw some people like, yeah, trying to write some assembly code. Yeah, and someone wants to, they said the brightness wasn't that great. And then they emailed the company. It's not. The company said you can change your resistor out. Yeah. And one thing that's funny is it's like, you know, these chips were really not meant to run on battery. So it's like, it gets quite hot as it was designed for sitting on a gigantic desktop. So the minute they squished it down so small, but it did work out of the box. It was quite nice. And the keyboard is kind of cool too. Like it's a nice laptop keyboard. Not sure what it was used, recycled from, but I mean, obviously it's some, you know, it's got a Windows button. Just funny to have it on DOS machine and it's cute like DOS sticker instead of Windows 3.1 sticker. Anyway, so this is a cool find. So we'll take some photos of it. And yeah, it does run on battery. So if you want, I mean, I don't know what text editor you could play. You could run on it. I mean, WordPerfect, what was WordPerfect for? Why does it say Windows? I don't know Windows, kind of weird. Pretty sure Windows 3.1 will acquire a 3D6. Oh my God, it's taking forever. That's a mistake. I don't know, just try, wow. I guess Windows 3.0 could run on a 886. To be honest, I didn't use this early of a machine. I didn't only kind of came in to like using DOS at the, I guess at the 3D6.46 era. All right, I just need a mouse. All right, cool, cool stuff. All right, well, that's my, like I just opened the box today. So I'm learning stuff. If you want to do next, why don't you do a great search? Yeah, let's go to the great search. The Great Search brought to you by DigiKey and Adafruit. Thank you, DigiKey. Every single week, LadyAda user power of engineer and help you see and find the things that you want on digikey.com. LadyAda, what are you looking for this week? Okay, so let's go to the overhead because I'll show what I'm going to chat about. So on the desk of LadyAda this week, I took apart this adorable chicken McNugget themed Tetris toy game. We kind of looked at what's going on inside. One thing I noticed is that to make its BB blops, it uses a piezo disk buzzer element. And we've talked about and searched for buzzer elements before on the Great Search. So let me go to the blog and Great Search. Yeah, go to the computer, sorry. Don't forget, you can only see all the previous Great Searches. Look at the blog. So yes, many years ago, November 12th, 24th, 2020. Oh, what a time. Piezo and magnetic buzzers. So for a lot of our boards, like the circuit playground and like the clue and the mag tag and basically the time or the macro pad, whenever we have something that needs to make little tones, not very loud tones, like little quiet, you know, just alerts, I like to use magnetic buzzers. And so this is a magnetic buzzer and they have lots of stock, which is great. So this is kind of the magnetic buzzers I'm going to go to, seven millimeters by seven millimeters square and you give it about 3.6 volts wave forms. And you know, it can make slightly better sounding than beeps. I mean, the trade off is it's not a piezo element. A piezo element is like two discs separated by this piezo crystal. And when voltage goes across it, AC voltage goes across it and vibrates. Whereas inside here is actually a floating magnetic disc like a diaphragm. And then there's a coil. It's like a 16 ohm coil or 32 ohm coil. And when the coil has AC voltage going through it or current going through it, it lifts and raises the magnet just like a normal speaker. So it's like a little miniature speaker speaker, like with the magnetic. So you need fairly good amount of current going through but the trade off is first off, these are picking placeable, whereas piezos are not picking placeable. You need to have wire solder to them. So if you go back to the overhead real fast, I'll show. This, you know, sometimes there's a spring, but oftentimes there's wire soldered into one part and the other part of the piezo disc. And then in between there is the crystal. So this is the flat disc, which is what ends up vibrating. And then there's the thin crystal and then a conductive layer put on top, which is what these two wires are soldered to. And then again in between is a dielectric of piezo material. So this is not, this is a capacitor, whereas the magnetic buzzer is an inductor. So it changes how you drive it. With a capacitive drive, you're gonna want to have, you know, a differential drive that can handle high capacitance. With the magnetic buzzer, you're gonna want something that's, you know, I use a very small class D amplifier, but you'll want like a true class A or class AB amplifier that pushes DC current through, not AC. Okay, so it doesn't have a bias across it, which is this, of course, you can have a bias, it's fine. All right, so let's go back to the computer. Okay, so this is a magnetic buzzer. Again, you know, I use them, but the trade-off is they're not particularly loud. You know, they do make a fair bit of noise and you can pick and place them, which is what I like, but they're also gonna be more expensive than a piezo transducer. So let's look at piezos. And it's not surprising that this toy company that made the Tetris toy, they made like a half million of these and every penny counts, like you want them to be as inexpensive as possible. And you don't have to have very good resolution, but you do want to have it be kind of loud so you can hear it, whereas our little buzzers are not very loud. So don't forget that piezos can be used both as voltage to, like AC voltage to sound, but they can also detect vibration in and turn it into a voltage for sensing. So vibration sensors are also piezos, but you want the kind that are like these large disks, which looks just like the thing that we were just checking out. Okay, so let's also look at, only look at active ones to start. They're sometimes called piezo benders, because again, they bend and flex as the voltage goes across them. And yeah, these start to look pretty good. So we're not gonna look for the exact one. What we want is actually just the least expensive one available, so let's say we're gonna look at at least 5,000 pieces. Let's look for ones that are normally stocking and not marketplace. Okay, so as you can see, they get pretty inexpensive, 15 cents, it's a lot cheaper than the 80 cents for the magnetic buzzer. Morata makes a lot of these, looks like Ola Wolf is another company. This one, that's kind of interesting little, oh, it looks like there's a feedback. So you can read the feedback, which can help you adjust the frequency, the resonant frequency of your piezo. But most of them look just like this, very simple element. You can see, they usually don't even have data sheets because they're like, hi, it's just piezo. There's usually a resonant frequency, and that's where they're gonna be the loudest, and that's based on the size and the thickness of the material. With these, they have impedance and the max input voltage, but again, we're running it off of a couple of AA batteries, so we don't have to worry about hitting the maximum. The frequency, the resonant frequency, it's gonna be, you know, it's not like they don't make noise at other frequencies, but that you're gonna hear like a louder squeak at this eight kilohertz or 3.6 kilohertz. You know, again, it's meant for like your multimeter, you know, it beeps when you do conductivity testing or you're a simple alarm clock. Not meant for really making very musical tones. For this Tetris toy, it works out okay because you're kind of like, dee, dee, dee, dee, dee, dee. It's not a very symphonic sound. You're looking for just a very basic beep when you press the buttons, feedback element. So the next thing is that, you know, we want wire terminals. One thing is, you know, springs are kind of interesting. Let's just look at the springs. There are ones that, you know, it's a disc and on your PCB, I've seen this actually on multimeters, you take them apart and instead of wires, because they want, you know, they have a different manufacturability. They, to make it inexpensive instead of soldering wires, the piezo, they have springs that come out of the PCB. And I think the springs are pickin' placeable. And then the springs touch the piezo in the two contact points and that's how they make contact. I think the, so far, when I've taken a multimeter apart, that's how that works. But we want with wire leads. So let's check it out. So wire leads, you know, none of these are going to be, oh, we want the standard style, you know, we don't really care for feedback. This is a little bit less expensive that way. Different diameters are available. Looks like a couple of ones are available. These morada ones look good. PUI audio. I mean, they're gonna be very generic and yeah, they're gonna be, you know, 40 cents. With wire leads, that's nice. You get to skip one step but you can just solder these in or use terminal blocks and you're good to go. So I think this one's not in stock. So let's go with this one, you know, in quantity, 40 cents. Got the wire leads. Oh, they're even tinned. So like even one less step you have to do, easy to integrate. You will want to have something holding up the desk. So usually you can't, of course, glue the whole thing because you have to let it resonate within the cavity. So if you go to the overhead again, the way this tends to be done is if you look here, this is a plastic, it's a soft, you know, ABS plastic enclosure. And then these are little heat steaks. There's little parts that are molded in and there's a little, like a hot stamp that comes down. You place the piezo in and there were these little fingers and then the three-pronged heat presser, Majeg, came down and heated up the plastic and then molded it in place so that this has nothing underneath it but it's held in place by these three fingers. So you'll want to do something like that or you'll have a cavity with like a little ridge on it so that this can freely vibrate within your enclosure. So this is my pick. We can go back to the computer, the Morata ZB7Z, sorry, the Morata 7BB series comes in a bunch of different diameters, I picked the larger it is, the louder it's going to be basically. This little one is going to make a good amount of sound and then don't forget you'll need something to drive it. You'll need a good AC driver for that impedance. 300 ohms is, you know, you'll need something, not a microcontroller pin if you want to get the good amount of sound and then differential drive, like an H-bridge drive will also get you the best audio output. So it's my pick if you want to add some beeps and boops. Is that research? All right, that's our show for tonight. Thanks everyone for joining us and we'll be doing everything during the week as usual. Don't forget we're not shipping orders until Tuesday. We'll see you Wednesday for show and tell and ask an engineer in addition to all of our other shows. Yeah, we're gonna be using some toy hacking. Yo, we have some fun stuff that's coming in for the toy hacks. Yeah, we'll get back into it. We didn't even get to show Scott's cool design. Well, this is gonna be in the store soon, it's a little great. Turn on the overhead real fast. Yeah, real fast, sorry, like on core. This is a really long show. Scott and Jebler came up with this idea and they posted up, they made a little Ky-Kat generator for, this is aluminum PCBs. So aluminum PCBs are very inexpensive. It's cheaper to get a PCB that's aluminum that has like all the cutouts you want than to get a custom stamped aluminum piece. So yeah, there's no copper used here. It's just solder mask, silk screen, which of course looks great. And then aluminum, this is really easy to cut and machine, but it's got, these are 0.6 inch grids. And so it's perfect for laying out eight of the boards that tend to have holes on point one or point, you know, usually point two, but sometimes point one divisible. It's cool to have your project semi permanent. Yes, this is like kind of nice. Maybe we'll do, this is a giveaway. We were talking about doing some giveaways. This is a nice one. We'll do some nice texts to explain what this is, but nice work, Jepler and Scott. So they were working on this in the Slack chat and the, I think Jepler came up with this idea for 3D printing. And then Scott, I think did the Ky-Kat script that would auto generate or open scan script that would auto generate these or one of them. And then I said, hey, can you send me some Gerbers? And then I was like, hey, I just ordered 250 of them and they'll be in the shop like in a week. So we're gonna put this into the shop this week. And you can see here how you can use a, you can either use this as a gigantic ground plane or use nylon screws to attach your hardware. Okay, anyways, that's a sneak peek, it's not out yet. Don't ask. Bye.