 Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss how to convert units of volume and how to choose and integrate scale in graphs and data displays. First of all let us see how to convert units of volume. Now units of volume are of the form cubic foot, cubic inch, cubic centimeter etc. Now as we used unit ratios to convert units of length similarly we use unit ratios to convert units of volume. Now let us discuss an example for this. Here we have to find that how many cubic meters of concrete are needed for a sidewalk that has a volume of 280,000 cubic centimeters. Now let us start with its solution. Now here volume is given to us so we can write volume is equal to 280,000 cubic centimeters. Now we know that volume of 280,000 is equal to 1 centimeter into 1 centimeter into 1 centimeter. So 280,000 cubic centimeters can be written as 280,000 into 1 cubic centimeter which is equal to 280,000 into 1 centimeter into 1 centimeter into 1 centimeter. Now also we know 1 meter is equal to 100 centimeters which can be written as unit ratio 100 centimeters upon 1 meter. Now centimeter is a smaller unit and meter is a larger unit so to convert smaller unit centimeter to larger unit meter we will multiply it with ratio of this unit ratio. Now ratio of this unit ratio is 1 meter upon 100 centimeters. So here 1 centimeter is equal to 1 centimeter into 1 meter upon 100 centimeters. So this is equal to 280,000 into 1 centimeter into 1 meter upon 100 centimeters into 1 centimeter into 1 meter upon 100 centimeters. Now here dividing out the common units this will be equal to 28 upon 100 cubic meters which is equal to 0.28 cubic meters. So we get 280,000 cubic centimeters is equal to 0.28 cubic meters. Now cubic foot and cubic inch are some of the examples of units of volume in the customer system and cubic centimeter and cubic meter are examples of units of volume in magic system. And now let us discuss units of capacity. Now units of capacity and units of volume are very closely related. Material system is very convenient in finding capacity than the customer system. First of all let us see one of the units of capacity that is millimeter. Now 1 meter as here will set the cube of 1 centimeter by 1 centimeter by 1 centimeter. Thus 1 cubic centimeter as capacity 1 meter and rewrite 1 cubic centimeter is equal to 1 meter. For example if volume of a container is 5000 cubic centimeters then its capacity in milliliters is 5000 milliliters. Now let us discuss another unit of capacity that is liter. Now 1 meter of a fluid will fill a cube of 10 centimeters into 10 centimeters into 10 centimeters. That is the cube with dimension 10 centimeters thus 1000 cubic centimeters has capacity 1 meter. So we write 1 meter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters. Now if volume of a container is 5000 cubic centimeters then its capacity in milliliters is equal to 5000 cubic centimeters into 1 liter upon 1000 cubic centimeters and this is equal to 5 liters. Or we can find using relation 1 liter is equal to 1000 milliliters which can be written in unit ratio 1000 milliliters upon 1 liter. So 1 capacity is 5000 milliliters and if we have to convert in in liters. Now we know that milliliters is smaller unit and liters is the larger unit. So to convert smaller unit into larger unit we multiply it by reciprocal of the unit ratio. So 5000 milliliters is equal to 5000 milliliters into reciprocal of the unit ratio which is 1 liter upon 1000 milliliters. Now divided out the common units this is equal to 5 liters. And now let us discuss kilo liter. Now 1 kilo liter of fluid will fill a cube of 1 meter by 1 meter by 1 meter. It means 1 cubic meter has a capacity of 1 kilo liter. So we write 1 cubic meter is equal to 1 kilo liter. And now let us discuss scale. Now in everyday life we measure several things like thermometer, brain scale, ruler, speedometer etc. Now see this picture of thermometer. It is another line starting from 35 and ends in 32. And here the numbers denote temperature in degrees centigrade. So the scale starts from 35 to 42 and here the temperature is given as 35 degrees centigrade, 36 degrees centigrade and so on up to 42 degrees centigrade. Thus there is a gap of 1 degree centigrade between two numbers so still interval is 1. Now between two temperature values say 36 and 37 there are four lines which indicate division. And each division represents 0.1 degrees centigrade. It means between 36 and 37 the temperature will be read as 36.1 degrees centigrade, 36.2 degrees centigrade and so on. Similarly when we have a brain scale we see the scale measures till 1 kilogram. The half way is 500 grams and there is a gap of 100 grams between any two larger lines line adjacent to each other. So scale factor is of 100 and here the arrow is showing weight of 700 grams. Thus we can find scale and interpret a situation from various representations like graph, bar diagrams, histograms etc. Now let us see how to choose an appropriate display and scale. Now when we have distinct categories we use bar graphs and to display data over time we choose line graphs and we choose circle graph or you can say pie graph to display when data is in parts and when we have to compare frequencies of data that fell in equal interval we choose histogram. Now scale interval depends on range of data. Now if range of data is from 0 to 100 then scale interval will be appropriate rather than using scale interval of 5 or 25. Now to interpret a graph two things are essential one is title of graph and maybe of x axis and y axis. For example let us study the following graph and here we are given a title there is weight. Now here on y axis we are given weight interval and on x axis we are given age in years and these units help us in interpreting the results. Also we can see on x axis there is a difference of 1 between every two consecutive numbers. So scale interval is 1 on x axis and on y axis there is a difference of 10 between every two consecutive numbers. So scale interval is 10 on y axis also here we can see when age is 7 years guys weight is 30 kilograms. So in this session we have discussed how to convert units of volume and capacity and how to interpret scales in graph and data displays. And this completes our session hope you all have enjoyed the session.