 Thank you very much Benjamin and good morning, good afternoon, good evening, participants. I'm sharing my few slides. I hope that you are seeing it now. Benjamin, can you confirm it? Yes, that's okay. We can see it, you can start the slide. Very good. Thank you very much. To talk in this event. So my name is Hongyuan. I'm the co-lead of the animal and human health program and also leading the one CJ one health initiative here. And I have the pleasure also to become a recently as a host researcher at Sirat. And also, I have been involved in some of the meetings and preparation that preserved in previous months. In the next few minutes, I would, I am here, I will talk about setting a bit of scenes on the emotions of infectious diseases and the need to foster intersect the collaboration to prevent and to implement the prevention strategies. So this is the topic we agree to discuss in the next few minutes. So, you know, I think that this targeted group we are having today we are very familiar with the global context of infectious diseases, diseases, pandemics, one health and so on. So the take home message really on this slide coming from our last report published with UNEP last year or two years ago in the middle of the pandemic is in fact, we have the increased frequency of infectious diseases leading to the pandemic. And you see the frequencies is increased more and more. And actually the COVID-19 we are facing at the moment is only one of these important pandemic, and we are sure that thing more pandemics will come in future. And of course, you know, most of these pandemics are caused by zoonosis. And actually the zoonosis are the disease transmitted from animals to human but you have also kind of reverse zoonosis from human to animals as well. The key fact is in fact really 60% of all these infectious diseases in humans have the zoonotic origin and about 75% of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic as well. And you see almost many challenges in terms of driver and so on. And here I want to come back some, during my talk, I take some of the information coming up, coming from our report between Henry and UNEP. And actually the lead author is my colleague, Delia Chris, who's at Henry, but also at NINZ UK. So we said that, you know, the future pandemics are inevitable. And we are, we need to be ready for the next one. But the question here is how to reduce or, you know, how to prevent or at least reduce the impact of the next pandemic. And then, you know, basically we agree on the key drivers leading to the next pandemics and here sort of have group, different drivers in terms of grouping here. And you see three major groups of reasons for, for, for, for emotions of the emotions of infectious diseases, leading to the pandemics on the first of all is on the demand of animal source food that we are having at the moment. Like I show you a bit of the demand we are having, but with the economic growth, people consume more meat, milk and egg. And that includes it, you know, the demand linked to the chain of food supply chain but also the uncertain, you know, for agricultural identification with livestock development, but also the increase use of wildlife product, but also the decoration of natural environment. So the second group of drivers is really linked to the context of globalization in terms of travel, a lot of traveling around the world in terms of trade and transportation. And finally, we talked a lot about the climate change, the demographic chain and country changes. All these things are very challenging to on on the actually the emissions of different types of genetic diseases. So the increase, the increase demand of animal source food here in terms of meat, milk and egg are very important for the emotions of infectious diseases. You can see here the FAO prediction in terms of increase of animal source food in future between here's the status of 2005 and 2030. All the value chains, all the community of beef, poultry, pork and milk increase with the various factors up to 200 to 300%, but mostly in developing countries. You look at Asia, Pacific, China, South Asia, Africa, everything is increased in the next decades. The consumption of animal source food, I don't know, fortunately or unfortunately actually is remain quite stable in high income countries. That is also easy to understand because you know people reach already at the level of about 70 to 100 kilogram of meat per year in OECD country, whereas in Africa is about 10 kilogram per year. You can see the gap. That's why developing countries will be very important consumers of animal source food. And when you look at the livestock density projection in the next decades, you can see that the most important development relate to developing country in the global south, and there actually is a problem of emissions of infectious diseases in this area. We talked about animal source food consumption and one health. We talked also about the wildlife consumption, the wildlife meat consumption and here you have two different context. Let me just show you one example on the wildlife industry business in China, the data I will submit on now before COVID in 2016, that is about 73 billion US dollar a year and employing about 14 million people after COVID a lot of things changing in terms of policy in China and in Southeast Asia where people really enjoy the consumption of wildlife, here's a wildlife farming product, and it's a high value. This shows also the complex systems of how people are exposed to animal farming, but also consumption and also contact leading to the spin over business eventually is this context, or also wildlife but here you can see different context of the bush meat consumption, linked to the food insecurity during COVID, for example, many people in Africa face the food insecurity situations of the porch animals they consume wildlife meat and that's also another context of bush meat consumption, and also the high risk of spin over of infectious diseases. So to deal with this complex health issue of immersion and re-immersions of infectious diseases, we agree that one health is one of the approach that we need to promote. And I would say that, you know, we have different understanding on this one health approach, it becomes also very fashionable recently, but we have some kind of definition that we can refer and we agree how that approach can be applied to deal with this complex health issue. And one of these things I think that now people refer to the definition of the one health high level expert OLEP in 2021 and that was actually endorsed by a quadripartis and very happy to see also OLEP joining this tripartis in promoting one health. So when you look at this new definition of one health by OLEP, that can be very broad, it can be anything, promoting the sector of collaboration to improve as a health of people, animal and the environment, but it's talked a lot about the disciplines, it's talked a lot about the connection between society and science and so on, that can be linked to good to pollution, to air pollution, climate change and health. But I think that this is the important thing for us is really to put the one health in the context of immersion and re-immersion of infectious diseases, living with the pandemic. And actually the relationship between wildlife, livestock, human and the environment is important in this discussion. So in most of the people, we recognize the benefits of one health approach and I would cite here five things among others that can help, because that can promote the sharing resources. And from that you can achieve a better efficiency and effectiveness and you can save money financially in terms of resource but also to save human lives and animals and animal life. It helps to control diseases in animal reservoir rather than human victims, so that is actually linked to our discussion today on early detection, early prevention. This can help the early detection and management of emerging threats, but in particular, in say that, you know, the pandemic will come, the one health approach will help to de-risk the drivers of disease, the one health approach will help to reduce emissions and finally that generate inside and added values among sectors and discussion in different, you know, context, science, society, policymaking process. This data is not updated, but actually the trend and the model is all the way applied for the current situations. It is actually the publication from the Wunbank showing that the cost of control of outbreak is always and much higher than the cost of prevention on the uptrend in the process of emergence or spin-over and re-emergence of disease. And actually this is a very important point we want to make in a different context because here you can see that, you know, the control of endemic diseases before they get into people is always efficient in terms of cost benefit analysis. All this experience in the past showing, for example, is the history major zoologies are controlled in animal reservoir actually is much more efficient when you jump into human. As the case of, you know, Sanmonella, Sanmonella disease control in Denmark have also saved a lot of money or, you know, very classic one health model on rabies, we celebrated rabies day a few weeks ago, you know, promoting very much the mass vaccination of dogs, combined with the post-exposure treatment is much more effective than the post-exposure treatment alone and so on and so forth as the publication showing this, you know, the advantage of early prevention of infectious diseases. Or for the current context of COVID-19, various source estimates that it costs us about 10 to 20 trillion US dollar. So that is actually the cost of 10 years of endemic zoologies cost according to some analysis. And actually if we have the strategy we need to work together applying one health, you can see how much we can save in terms of, you know, prevention and control of these diseases. So this is the context of infectious disease and the pandemic and now it lead me to the second part of this talk to give some talk about how to foster the multilateral collaboration to implement the disease prevention strategies. And actually it goes very much in the context of pre-sort that I personally like it very much because, you know, started with the French group you could initiate the initiative, but also very happy to see more and more pre-sort can embrace the known French partners in this discussion. And of course the advantage of this initiative is in fact you could really achieve very high level advocacy like you can see here to really promote the one health approach we are talking about. And of course the change of the paradigm to really looking very much on upstreams on intervention and the bottom up approach to prevent the early spin over instead of the control of the pandemic on the downstream side. That is really the concept of pre-sort. So I will see a few things here. To transcend this approach of one health and, you know, facilitated and also transcends the intersection of collaboration. I would say, you know, first of all, we need more understanding about science related to one health, you know, all these things understand the driver's emotions of diseases understand the mechanism of disease transmission in, but even the social aspect of one health. We talked a lot about livelihood. We talked about the behavior change link to one health that is important so we need more data link to science. Of course, you know, we cannot say that you know we do research and we need data and we need more data we always have to do something with the data and the evidence we have, but we still need to produce more evidence. So I'm from CGIR system. We are working on promoting the science link to one health. So we have a various a portrait and program going on with the entries of wildlife and livestock link to human health and actually some of the pre-sort partner are part of this thing. For example, the capacity being one health in eastern and southern Africa cohesa project funded by OACPS or the One Health Center in Africa funded by BMZ or the One Health Initiative I'm leading with CGIR very much focusing on science of one health. The second point I would see is in fact, you know, we do science, but we need to do it at the same time to release the strength and the capacity of one health at national levels. And now luckily enough that most of the country in global south they have set up the one health platform or one health directorate or one health coordination mechanism, whatever the name they call. We already bring different ministries together to talk about one health. You have here sample from Vietnam on one health partnership to control zoonosis or here the zoonotic one health but the capacity are quite limited but global and international initiative need to support this high level of one health. This is not enough to support the national level because you have a lot of talking at the high level but little happening on the ground in terms of one health. And I think that we need to strengthen the one health implementation on the ground by promoting for example developing different lab one health lab on in the field. You know, here we have some good example from Vietnam, for example, we develop the one health research partnership site at the provincial level where you can policy makers at local level university lecture students but also in particular community to talk and to be in which specific one health example here for example zoonotic disease in Vietnam. We can strengthen this capacity as a county or the local level here in Kenya, for example, we have developed the fint side in different county here in western northern and also southern Kenya here in Kajiado County for example here as you know we develop a fint side with a lab facility so that people can work on the crowd on data collection and some simple lab treatment before sending these samples to a more advanced lab in Nairobi or in other place. We need to develop the capacity of the next generation of one health practices, so mostly from university level but also from the community. So many organizations working on this. For example the one health network in Africa and Asia are doing very well in the job. And another area is about one health coordination, many people doing one health, having different understanding on one health, like I said from the beginning here for example in Africa. So from the last resort meeting earlier this year, our colleague from European Commission, saying something like we have about 201 health initiatives project in Africa. And that we need to work more on this coordination to have a better mechanism to achieve better impact. And I think that you know the sector collaboration to promote the implementation of disease prevention strategies. It's really linked to the discussion among sectors and human need to sit together, unfortunately, go with prevents us to to meet in person. But this example of the work of Sirat and other organization in Southeast Asia when we work on one health. And the example of football disease is very relevant to one house when we could, we could bring people from different sectors, you can see here that decision making people, the public health people that people scientists, community teachers, even army they are interested in health to discuss specific one health relevant topics. And of course, that is not about the discussion alone we need the investment in terms of funding and I see that in our global community are very strong at the moment to promote this in developing countries but I see also the in developing countries need also invest themselves in promoting this prevention of diseases and one approach. And in the context of COVID-19 it shows nicely the intersection of collaboration for example here, we ask the animal health or livestock research institute we have, we use the capacity to analyze a lot of samples and doing genomics and so on. But finally, that is also important on the interaction of science and politics, you know, the question of origin of the COVID-19 is it not clear, but I see that the science and the politics interface, sometimes it's difficult to to reach the consensus or is a cream and to move forward to the origin of these diseases. So, it's a bit various thought from my side to promote the collaboration between sector to improve one health implementation. I hope that you know this can bring some thought for our discussion is the next hour or so. Thank you very much for the attention. Thank you so much for this excellent introduction to the context that surrounds the emergence of the infectious diseases, and how we can foster the collaborations to implement the prevention strategies as I was really, I really appreciated that you could show this continuum between research innovation monitoring and public policies but also capacity building institutional building. All this is really needed and essential. So now we have time for a short session of questions and answers. So, who would like to start with the first question. Have a question to start things for you and then it's about uncertainties. I think in this domain, we still have a lot to learn, and there are many uncertainties so how can we deal with uncertainties when we design our strategies for surveillance for instance. Thank you very much for the question. Of course, you know, this is the area we need to deal with uncertainties, you know, the risk assessment is key in this process. But we need all the way, we need all the ways, you know, do the job, and we need to take into our cows as uncertainty, because if you don't do anything, you know, the results are even worse so we actually have to do that. But I think that, you know, this uncertainty from a scientific point of view, this is quite clear in the sense that, you know, we can come up with model and we predict and we present uncertainties. I think that's the more important point from that side, really is that uncertainty need to be really understood and taken into account from a policy making process. And that sometimes I see, I see the gap there. And I also understand that, you know, the policy makers when they make decision is not about the science, the science are not the only input in the matrix as they are doing. So, so I think that, you know, we can do our best with uncertainty we have, but that need to be more importantly understood and taken into account by policy maker in the risk management process. Thank you. So to ask a question, please raise your hand electronically or just unmute and ask your question. Thank you. Yeah, Natalie. Thank you very much for the nice presentation. I was wondering as you were talking about the cross sectorial approach and some of the project that you show like come across as it's a project that is already finished. Can you give us some of the results and some of the success of this intersectional approach. Thank you, Natalie for the question. Actually come across is the project, the one hell project funded by you at that time and it's finished already. And it was very much on the capacity binding site of think on one health in Southeast Asia. I have the pleasure on so to do the evaluation at the end of the project so it's finished a few years ago already, but some of the highlights in fact you see. I think that the now thanks to this come across project. The one hell approach could be could be understood by actually some government sectors in within the countries. So, so very much in Laos and Cambodia, for example, or even in Vietnam. This is the one health is very much championed by the country sector by by the vet by animal health sectors. And thanks to this type of project you have more workshop you facilitate people to meet. And you know, we can create more engagement from public health and the environment sector people I think that you know, now I, my observation is in fact now the public health sector is more and more engaging, but the missing pieces really is environment sectors that need to be done. And finally, beyond health environment and, and, and, and, and agriculture or animal health, the social science also the social science and the humanities. And also start, you know, taking up on health approach in some of the discussion. And we observe it. We observe this progress, it progress but it's slowly slower than what we expect but it is important step to really engage different partners together. And finally, I just want to finish we come across I think that one of the good outcome is really the education of next generation. This is the master of interest, they develop not myself I teach for them. But that's that kind of legacy really to bring many graduate students in the region to work on one health and some of them become kind of really a champion in some of the country in Southeast Asia. Thank you. So we have a question from a pastor also if you'd like to ask your question. Would you like to ask your question, or should I read it. Okay, okay. Thank you. My pleasure. I would like to know more about the role that could be the integrated civilian in reducing the race of these are three. And also what is the state of the interracial billion at the war level or initiative that could be working on that sense. You need to unmute. Oh, sorry, I was muted. Okay, thank you for the question. If you ask this integrated surveillance link to prison, so I need to send this question to the core group of prison in particular, Benjamin and and Jean Francois. So speaking in my talk, I think that are promoting the integrated surveillance of diseases is important in the sense that you see, you see, most of the, the, the infectious diseases, or the pandemic. You know, you need to detect it, or you know, at trust tension when it come to human only. So, so, in that sense, it's already late or even too late to apply as one hell approach with this, you know, upstream, upstream prevention. So, so that's why developing an integrated surveillance of health, putting animal health human health together would increase the chance to detect early the disease before they, they jump into human. And at the moment, you know, we have a few good examples or model. For example, you know, in Thailand, a colleague from Chiang Mai University developed as animal health and human health integration surveillance systems using mobile phone for example. So it's, yeah, animal health workers and public health workers, or even farmers, they send the photo of different symptoms early symptoms so that you know we can, they can develop a database of the diseases and advice and, you know, we take earlier from animals to help animals before it jump to the human. Of course, you know, for the new disease is more complicated, but this show very much the value house integration of animal and, and human health surveillance is making sense in the current context.