 Hello and welcome. In this video, we will examine key themes related to George Orwell's novella Animal Farm, as well as the main quotes you should remember for the main themes, as well as word level analysis that you can do for all of the quotations. Okay. So in this lesson, we'll be looking at the theme of class as it's presented in Animal Farm, as well as the main quotes you should consider if you're writing about this theme either for your course worker exams. Remember class is really important. Of course, when you think about context in Animal Farm, the animals, the revolution that happened is contextually related to the Russian revolution that occurred in Russia in 1917. Okay. So prior to 1917, Russia used to be a monarchy. Okay. And Zah Nicholas was the reigning monarchy. Okay. However, during this period when he was the monarch, Russia was incredibly divided between the bourgeois and the upper class, the very small percentage and portion of upper class who enjoyed a really luxurious lives versus the vast majority of working class people and especially peasants in Russia who lived very difficult and damaging lifestyles. Okay. And of course, the Russian Revolution occurred when Russia became a communist country and it was renamed the USSR in order. Initially, the initial aims was to redress this imbalance between classes. Okay. So to basically create class equality across all Russians. However, what then happened once the USSR took force and especially after the rise of Stalin as its leader, these old class divisions basically started resurfacing. The only difference is that the people who were at the top who enjoyed the perks of being upper class were Stalin and his very intense inner circle of people. Okay. So the people who worked for him, however, the majority of Russians still ended up having very difficult lives. Indeed, arguably a little bit more challenging under Stalin than maybe it was under Zah Nicholas. Okay. So in terms of animal farm, you want to obviously consider how before the animals revolted and the revolution happened, the animals are having a really difficult life. And there was a class division between the humans and the animals. Okay. So the humans represent the bourgeois, the upper class of Russia before 1917. Whilst, of course, the animals represent the working class majority, the peasants, especially the Russian peasantry population. However, the animal farms take the revolution takes place. And then the animals take over animal farm. Of course, this represents the proletariat take over. Okay. So this is the working class take over in Russia. And Napoleon represents Stalin whilst, of course, snowball represents Trotsky, the intellectual. Okay. And once Napoleon takes power, these old division surface, there's a period of, you know, bliss where all the animals are treated equally. However, once Napoleon takes power and it becomes really corrupt, basically class divisions occur within the animals. However, at the top of the hierarchy are now the pigs, as well as the dogs, which are basically the henchmen of the pigs, their protectors, whilst the rest of the animals lead very terrible lives. And actually, the lives are much worse than it was under farmer Jones. Okay. So now with that lengthy introduction, let's have a look at the quotations you can use to analyze and discuss the theme of class. And of course, the first quotation relates to old major speech, old major representing Karl Marx. Okay. So old major stated, the life of an animal is misery and slavery. Okay. So of course here, what this is showing is how difficult life was for the animals under farmer Jones. The class divisions existed between the animals who basically did all the heavy labor, all the heavy hard work and produced all of this stuff for the humans and the humans, farmer Jones and his men were really lazy and they didn't really care about the animals and the wellbeing. Okay. And of course this shows the massive class between the animals and the humans. However, of course, this is used to represent the vast division between son Nicholas and the small population of people in Russia before the revolution who are very well to do versus the majority of peasants who lived very difficult lives. The one love analysis you want to do here for this quotation is the words misery and slavery which belong to the semantic field of suffering. Okay. The second quotation relating to class is when old major also states man is the only creature that consumes without producing ellipsis, yet he is Lord of all the animals. Okay. Now this is what we call a declarative sentence. Remember declarative sentences is a sentence that states a fact feeling or mood. So basically old major is saying that men are lazy. They, all they do is just eat what the animals create. Of course that's basically how farm, farm life is like. Okay. So we as humans enjoy all the produce of animals whilst animals, the ones that basically have to do all this back breaking labor. Okay. Now of course again, this is highlighting the class divisions between the men in farm under farmer Jones is rule versus the animals who lived really difficult lives. And this is illustrated as I mentioned, not only through the declarative sentence, but you also want to focus on the hyperbole describing man as Lord. Okay. So obviously elevating the status of man almost as like this God. And you want to focus on the words consuming consumes and producing. And this highlights how the men are really, really wasteful. They don't really care about animals whilst they're also very lazy. Okay. So this juxtaposition of these two words and especially and then of course they are verbs as well. Okay. The next quote to highlight for class and to consider is when we learn of course that the kind of principle of animalism, which is all men are enemies or animals or comrades. Okay. And again, this establishes a class separation and the class divide between the men on the one hand who are seen as the enemies and the animals who are seen as a good guys. Okay. And of course this is the main principle of animalism. Now the word love analysis you want to do here is the repetition firstly of the word all. Okay. Again, this is showing the synthetic idea of men and animals occupy different classes. However, it's up to the animals to make sure that they elevate the status by revolting also the juxtaposition of the oxymorons enemies and comrades. Remember comrades is another way of saying people you fight alongside your friends. Okay. And of course that's oxymoron. Okay. And what this does is it establishes a two separate classes. Okay. The men who have the power versus the animals who are powerless, but of course the animals rise up. The other quotation relating to the theme of class is when of course the principles of animalism would be trade by Napoleon. Okay. He becomes really corrupt. Kind of like the way Joseph Stalin became very corrupt and the principles of communism were violated. And basically he did more and more to justify having all of this power, all of this amazing life. However, he also justified most of the Russians still living really rubbish lives. Okay. This is emphasising this quotation or animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. And of course this illustrates how the pigs and the dogs were more equal than the rest of the animals. So basically the class divides that first disappeared when the animal farm took over and the revolution occurred. These class divisions now have resurfaced kind of like the way initially when communism was established in the US assault, which is obviously Russia, these class divisions disappeared for a while, but then they resurfaced again. Okay. It's only the, the, the only difference was that the person who was at the top changed from being a monarch, because on Nicholas to now being Stalin. Okay. Now in terms of word of analysis, firstly, focus on the abstinence of a and all animals that are, and also the repetition of equal to emphasise the irony that of course the animals are definitely not equal. Okay. And the final thing to focus on is more than, okay, more equal than, which is a comparative adjective. Okay. And of course, this is kind of what play how what play is used to reinforce these class divisions between the animals. Okay. So now the animals are divided. The other thing, which obviously illustrates class divisions that have resurfaced under the reign of Napoleon and of course, which illustrates how Napoleon is really, really opportunistic. He's very corrupt is when we learned that actually under his rule, the farm became more productive, but actually the lives of the animals grew worse. Okay. And this is illustrated through the quote, the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer except ellipsis for the pigs and the dogs. Okay. So now a distinct class of animals emerged as a result of Napoleon's corruption and the betrayal of the principles of animalism. So the class now at the top were the pigs and the dogs as opposed to the rest of the animals who are basically now working class peasants. Okay. Now the word of analysis you want to do here is firstly the repetition of the word richer. Okay. To emphasise how actually the farm became more productive, but things in divisions grew even worse. Okay. And of course these divisions are illustrated verse in the nouns pigs and dogs, which emphasises the class divisions returning on animal farm and the principles of animalism being betrayed. The final quotation, which you can relate to class is of course how Napoleon elevates himself as kind of part of the elite and he tells all the animals and of course they have to always remember Napoleon is always right. And the main word of analysis you want to do here is adjective right. This idea that, you know, you can never question him. He's now a dictator. And of course again this solidifies this class divide. He's like a Lord kind of going back to this, this notion of instead of man being Lord anymore, it's now Napoleon, a pig being Lord. And then of course this is also a declarative sentence, which basically almost positions the animals, the rest of the animals as being of a lower class and status and Napoleon being at the top in terms of his class and status. So that's really it. When it comes to analysing key quotations relating to class for animal farm, but do make sure you come back for subsequent lessons where we will look at the other key themes as well as key quotations to remember for those themes in animal farm. Thank you so much for listening.