 A life-review is a phenomenon widely reported as occurring during near-death experiences, in which a person rapidly sees much of the totality of their life history. It is often referred to by people having experienced this phenomenon as having their life flash before their eyes. The life-review is discussed in some detail by near-death-experienced scholars such as Raymond Moody, Kenneth Ring, and Barbara Rodmer. The reformatory purpose seems commonly implicit in accounts, though not necessarily for earthly purpose, since return from a near-death experience may reportedly entail individual choice. Experiences number up to 8 million in the United States. Although rare, there are also a few accounts of life-reviews or similar experiences without a near-death experience, such as during the simpler out-of-body experience or when under circumstances of intense threat or durace.