 you have appeared between 16, 17, 18 isn't it? Yes sir. Ok, very nice. But you have taken geography optional. Why? Because I felt there are some similarities between civil engineering and geography. Between? Civil engineering and geography. What is the similarity? There are in the aspects of soil and also about urban planning. We learn in civil engineering as well as in geography also. So I felt it will be easier for me to grasp geography and it will also help in general studies, papers also. Ok. How shall geography be helpful in general administration? Geography can be helpful in various aspects. One, as I earlier mentioned it's about the urban planning. It can contribute to various aspects such as planning of the cities, then about the market locations. All these analysis we can do it and geography has great application and also about the forecasting of weather. In all these aspects geography play a very important role. That's why you have, but in that case you should have read geography. Pardon sir. Have you read geography in your college days? No sir, I did civil engineering. Ok. In that case you should have read geography papers who interested in geography. That will be easier. I started developing interest towards civil services only when I was in college. Ok, ok, ok. What are your hobbies? My hobbies are cooking. Ok, cooking and listening to light music. Yes sir. You have learnt music? I have learnt when I was very young, but then I did not get the opportunity to continue my classical lessons. You listen to what kind of music? Light music. Local music or music also? All languages sir. Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, all languages. Can you tell me the basic difference between the Karnataka system and the Hindustani system? In Karnataka system? Very elementary question. I am not going to the depth of it. Ok sir. In Karnataka system we have this Ragham, Thalam, Pallavi. There are various notes and Ragham and the singing is very much confined to that Raga. You don't have much of extensions and kind of improvisations being done in Karnatic music. And the instruments used for Karnatic music is also different. Such as we, example we use Rudraveena for Karnatic music. And in the case of Hindustani music, it has influence of Arabic and Islamic Kavali origin as a kind of influence is there in Hindustani music. Who is that man? Who are the greatest influence on Hindustani music? I have a name of Amir Khusro. Amir Khusro. Yes sir. Sorry sir. I couldn't recollect. Ok. Would you tell us something on green revolution? Green revolution. Happened in the 1960s, 70s period. At that point of time India was not self-sufficient in agriculture, especially the food grains. Yes. So in order to increase the production and also to reduce the dependency on imports, M.S. Swaminathan, who is considered as the father of green revolution, with his assistance or advice, they came up with, the government came up with the green revolution. What about Norman Burlak? He is considered to be the father of green revolution at international level. Have you come across a book or read a book called The Population Bomb by Paul Elric? No sir. Because in that book, he challenged that we will have all Malthusian deaths. Ok. Whom this gentleman gave the reply. And yet he withdrew his opinion that yes, my earlier theory is wrong and now the food problem of the world is solved. Ok. When Norman Burlak found that small variety of wheat, he said that food problem of the world has been solved. Ok. So he retracted from his earlier theory. Ok. So what are the effects of green revolution in India? The positive aspects are that there was significant increase in the food production, especially the rice wheat cultivation in the northern tracks of India. And we became self-sufficient in food grains, cereals. But the negative aspect of it is, one thing is our crop pattern has changed because we are, nowadays we are depending, dependent more on cereals rather than coarse grains which are more nutritious and that is one thing. And another aspect is we have increased the usage of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers which have further degraded the soil quality. So we are facing the problem now. Yes. What is the problem now? Now evergreen revolution is the. No in Punjab, the groundwater has gone down. Yes sir. Because Punjab is an area of less rain. Yes sir. So if you have agriculture there, it does not need more rain. So the ground water has gone, the ground water is depleted, the highest in Punjab leading to arsenic, etc. Yes sir. Okay, that is the major thing. Then another thing is that we are cultivating sugarcane in Maharashtra, which will not be done. There should be a change. Yes sir. Why? Because Maharashtra is a less rain, less water. Trout thrown region. Okay, so sugarcane should be in UP and Bihar because Bihar is full of rivers. Yes sir. So it should be there. Instead of that it is in Maharashtra. Yes sir. Changes that have to be made. Yes sir. Okay, take it. Please. Since you have told about urban planning and geography has helped you to understand that. What do you think about the similarities between this Indus valley civilization town planning and today's urban planning? In the Indus valley town planning, they followed the grid pattern system, where the roads connect to each other at right angles. That is being even now followed in several cities. For example Chandigarh, which is a well planned city, also has grid pattern. The second thing is about the sewerage system, which was found in Indus valley civilization with manholes and all that facilities. That has been also followed in today's city planning concept. Then about the core centric model, that is you will have some kind of a religious institution or market or something in the core and the development will be based on the core. So that is also being followed in today's city models. You are saying the periphery areas are underdeveloped in today's cities also. Yes sir. Then since you had also said about this urban planning, suppose you are in charge of Bangalore or Mumbai, what do you intend to remove the decongestion in the cities? Bangalore, Mumbai all this has heavily overcrowded. Yes sir. What do you think would be the best option of decongesting? One of the best options is to provide satellite cities, accommodate satellite cities and providing development in the peripheral regions so that the commuting will be reduced. At the same time the facilities will be provided in the peripheral regions also. So in that way we can reduce the decongestion to a greater extent. Then about even housing and all, it is too far away from the, all the workplaces are in the core of the city. The residents are very far. Yes. So what do you intend to improve transportation such that in Bangalore there is like 4-5 hours commuting time every day, that is what I have heard. So all this can be reduced, not just the, what to say, the spreading over it. But how to also reduce the commuting time? Another thing is to promote suburban trains and metro rail systems. So that can also help in commuting from one place to another. And, but there are challenges of land acquisition and other aspects. So considering look to everybody. Okay sir. Not to the person, just look to everybody. Okay sir. Okay sir. So these feasibility of such things have to be considered. So what are the authorities which have to work in tandem to make this happen? Like you said metro, then suburban trains. Yes. And municipality, all these. So what are the agencies and how should they work in tandem in order to like make these plans work into reality, like happen into like actually. Nowadays there is a talk of having urban metropolitan transport authority. So the major intention is to unify all the transport systems of the city. So such authorities should be established so that there will be good coordination among the system. And you had in your hobbies you have said one of your hobbies like to cook the forgotten recipes of our country. Yes. So do you think that tribals can be given employment by employing them in these hotels or eateries? And by this will the forgotten recipes become mainstream in cities or like in common like populace? Yes sir. That can be a part of eco tourism concept where we can introduce tribal recipes also. Into the mainstream main courses that can attract tourists and that can also help in generating. How can this be done any like what should be the point of action for doing this? We should get the help of NGOs which are working very closely with such tribal groups. And we should be able to create awareness to them that is what kind of recipes to be made and how they should be integrated into this. No, do you think they should be migrated to the cities in order to do this? Like bringing recipes or just take the recipes from them and the city people themselves can do the cooking. Initially they should be as I earlier mentioned under this eco tourism concept they can be employed in hotels and resorts which are within their premise itself. And then later on there will be a kind of awareness or a knowledge transmission through which these recipes could get spread into the urban area. What is the requirement of eco tourism for this? It can be done just like that. How does tourism come in? Otherwise also it can be promoted in various ways. But the thing is they are very tribal sir very much accustomed to vulnerable environment. So it is better to provide employment at that level itself. And your native is from Kerala, your native place is Kerala. So what do you have to say about this Shabarimala issue? Regarding the Supreme Court verdict and its aftermath. And this year Kerala government said they can't provide protection to women devotees who are coming. What is your take on all this? Whether women in place should be allowed or whether state should provide protection because if attacks are happening on pilgrims it's an attack on the state. Or it's an attack on the Supreme Court verdict. Yes sir. So what is your take on it? I believe everybody, every individual has the right to religion according to our constitution. Article 25 has given that right. So definitely women of all age, irrespective of age should be allowed to enter the temple. And the government should also deploy adequate forces and security should be provided for the women who are interested in entering the temple. But do you think it's a place where activism can be displayed presently? Like most of the pilgrims who come, they flaunt that yes we have visited, we have violated the law. If that's the intention or devotion to the law, that is the intention behind visiting this place. Both can be there. I mean the spiritual part is also there. At the same time there are activists who wanted to show that there should not be any kind of gender discrimination. So there should be a given state protection. Yes sir. Okay and coming to this thing, your first preference is IIS. Yes sir. Then after that all your preferences are IRS IT, then you can audit and account and then IRS customs. But either your optional or your background, that is your graduation, it is in economics or accounts or finance, none of these subjects. Then do you think suppose you're allotted IRS either IT or customs or this internet audit account, you'll be able to prove justice to these services? These three services because they are all interrelated. I believe services they are highly generalized in nature. Only when you get into the service you have the training and through training I believe I can pick up the knowledge on the particular service. And what is the reason for this? Like despite it being from different background, like not the phones related background. Yes. Chosen like IRS, like after IIS. I have respect and regard for all the services. But I believe nowadays there is lot of opportunity in the field of revenue services. Because India is also planning to become dollar 5 trillion economy. So that is why I've given second preference for IRS IT. Okay sir. Yes, please. Hello sir. You have an interest in the welfare of differently abled people. Yes sir. So what type of activities you are engaged in? I had been part of the organization for the past three to four years. So I have helped in editing the articles written by differently abled people. And at the same time the organization is also taking lot of efforts to improve the recreational activities for differently abled. For example, there is a sport called Bosia. So we have conducted Bosia game for the differently abled. And at the same time I have also done this inclusive campaigning for the... That is for generating awareness on rights of persons with disability in various schools. What is this inclusive really stands for? That is how well they are integrating with the society on physical, social and economic aspects. I work in a college. So I don't find any of the students coming in a week there. But at the same time when I do the organization, I give the answer here. Yes sir. Most of all the students are in the parking area. Yes sir. Why all the colleges are not accessible to people with physical disabilities? First of all there should be ramps to be provided. That is physical accessibility especially in colleges are lacking. And another problem what the physically disabled people are facing is the mobility, transportation problem to reach the colleges also. So on that aspects we need to work well. Look at the trains, our suburban trains or our local transportation facilities. Very often people with physical disabilities have no access to this. Yes sir. How any suggestion to improve this condition? Currently there is no physical disabled coaches in trains. So we have given a request to the railway authorities to have physically disabled, friendly coaches especially in the suburban trains as well as in passenger coaches also. More than physical facilities, sometimes our attitude towards people have a physical deformities. Yes sir. Sometimes you have to make changes there. At the same time we have competitions like beauty page. Yes sir. Or modern view. Yes sir. How do you look at these two aspects of our social life? The one is a type of body. The idea of beauty is projected. We have competitions and people participate. Where do you have a protest against? Once we are required to have some protest against. Some protest. Other than that our mainstream consumption of an ideal body is not a disabled body, but rather a body. Yes sir. We have a special conception of it. To change the attitude of the people towards people with disabilities what can we do? The best thing is to generate awareness on the problems of disability and their rights from the school level itself. And nowadays we can even see lot of changes in the attitude of the people also. Because especially in the case of beauty pageants, they are not looking for the physical beauty, but also lot of activities related things are also taking place, events are also and weightage is given for such things too. So I hope within some considerable amount of time there will be change in attitude. And lot of opportunities will be provided for the people with disabled. Thank you. Thank you. I want the explanation of this term urban nuxels which is recently in usage. Nuxels are people who don't believe in this government establishment. They wanted to topple the government that is the basic intention. And the people who are in urban areas and supporting the nuxel ideology and also creating awareness or creating a kind of awareness on nexelism to the youth, especially the youth in the urban regions are called as urban nexelites. So what is this nexelism? It's against government that's it. It is against the establishment and they wanted to establish a classless society. Classless society. So why is Thailand in use today? What has happened in Thailand? Not able to recollect. Not able to recollect? What's special about Feb 11, 2020 with respect to Delhi? Hey, after tomorrow. I'm sorry, ma'am. No? Are you aware of the KAD excavation? Yes ma'am. As you can please. So what do you think you were discussing more about the urban planning and the issues which is linking both civil engineering and geography? So what has the KAD excavation given an information about the spillover information of the urbanization? The same kind of the remnants what we got from Indus Valley civilization in the same way the archaeologists have explored the remnants of KAD and they have come to a conclusion that urbanization even existed in south with almost all the facilities just like that of Indus Valley civilization the bricks which have been used during KAD all these remnants have been explored and studies are going on regarding that. We have a new quota system from 2019 about economically weaker section. Yes ma'am. So do you think apart from the existing quotas this also is required? It is required because we are considering the economic criteria also. So can you trade off with the ones which is religiously or caste based quotas which were offered and it could be traded off with the economic weaker section. You opt for that option or do you prefer the coexistence of both the quotas? There should be coexistence of both the quotas because the social and educationally backward communities they are being historically they are facing operations they have faced it. So in order for the upliftment of such communities it is highly essential to provide employment opportunities and educational opportunities for such communities. At the same time even for the other backward communities we have creamy layer concept in that concept also we are taking economic criteria into consideration. So in the same way for the upper class community also there are people who are facing economic who are facing problems I mean they are economically not well off. So providing reservation is highly essential for them. So my last question is you were mentioning also about the how we could plan peripheral regions and we could allow the development to take place there. Yes. We could plan for the commutation from the workspace to the peripheral regions. But recently there is also a debate happening that the small cities are fast growing. Small cities are growing at a faster pace and it is much more urbanized. Higher exponential rate. So the spillover impact is not a gradual impact but it is much faster. So why do you prefer the smaller cities or the peripheral regions to be impacted? At least that was safeguarded. That is because the intention is to have a uniform kind of development. So that this congestion, pollution all these things could be reduced to a greater extent. Are you aware of this land use land cover changes in civil engineering geography you must have heard of this? Land patterns. Land patterns and the changes which. Yes ma'am. So if you continue to develop horizontally changing the ecosystems you will be missing out the different land use patterns which should be preserved. Okay. So don't always be in support of moving to a peripheral region which may finally lead us to missing out the ecosystem. Yes ma'am. There should be a balance between the environment and? Kerala Assembly, an anonymous resolution has decided not to follow the CAA. Yes ma'am. And the government of Kerala has approached the Supreme Court against the CAA under a particular class of the article. What was the article? Article 113. 31. 31. What is article 131 says? Loud. Loud. I am not able to hear. What was the loud? Article 131. Yes. That is the states can have their own expression and it should not be bound by the centre. Okay. That is the states can have their own expression and they are not bound to go by the directions of the centre. Okay. Okay. Now coming back to this famous Sabarimala issue. Yes. A lot of revue petitions were filed Sabarimala. Yes sir. Along with Sabarimala issue, a few other petitions regarding the specific religious practices of Boros and Farsi also. Yes sir. Now the revue petitions, there is a Supreme Court by the Chief Justice has not admitted the revue petitions. The arguments took place on the maintainability of the petitions because India's the most, the most tourist lawyer, Follin Ariman has raised an important question regarding the very decision of referring the earlier Sabarimala judgment to a nine judgment. What was Follin Ariman's main argument? I mean to a very narrow specific issue. Sorry sir. I don't remember. Correctly with your state. I will tell you. You know these revue petitions, you know how the system works. First judgment, then revue petitions, then finally curative petitions. That is how the system works. Yes sir. Now the Sabarimala case, it was first the judgment was given by a five-judge bench. Then near after that the court developed can go far as a cold feet and said that it is going to refer it to a seven-judge bench. Now later it almost comes to a nine-judge bench. Now Nariman is saying that there are at least six Supreme Court judgments in independent India's history which said that you can't refer a revue petition to a larger bench. Only the, as far as the numerical strength of the bench is concerned, the composition of the bench is concerned. It should be the same which gave the judgment. Because it's basic argument which was contested by the government. From this narrowed down specific arguments to places today that is whether the court has power, the Supreme Court has got powers to refer its own judgment. When it came as a revue petition to a larger bench. Okay sir. That's very important. Okay sir. Just keep this. Yes sir. It's going to happen there. Okay. Now again coming back to the first one, can a state government refuse to say that it won't follow a law, a central law, passed by the parliament. Because census is a state union subject. Yes sir. Not a state subject. Yes sir. There is a census act and that census department comes into the union home ministry. Every once in ten years we are taking census that is for all along. Yes sir. Even before a difference. Now how far it is correct that for your state to go to Supreme Court on this? The state is bound to follow the directions of the centre and especially when a subject is in the central list then the state doesn't have any say. But definitely the states have got the right to freedom of expression. So if they have found something is not abiding by the constitutional principles. And if it is going, if it is violating the constitutional principles then the state has got every right to file a, to take legal procedure to file a case in the Supreme Court. What should we view on death sentence? Now this Birbaya case. Yes. The death sentence execution of four convicts. Yes sir. They delayed and delayed. Even the black ones issued a state and again the ball has been back once again to this. In your view death sentences are correct? Ethically. I believe death sentence cannot act as a deterrence. Because even. For any crime. For any crime. Even after giving capital punishment there are instances of violation of law and order. Especially in the case of rapes and terrorist attacks and all that. But still in order to see the security of the nation as such we need to have capital punishment. And it should be given only for rarest of the rare cases. As said by Bachchan Singh case and Supreme Court. Who is to decide it's the rarest of our case? It's purely subjective. Yes. It should be well codified by a, what amounts to rarest of the rare should be well codified by the Supreme Court. Can you justify death sentences for rapes? In fact it's your own argument. Yes. Thus rapes comes under rarest of rare case or not? Rape will not come. Because women's groups across the country are opposing death sentences for rapes. Yes sir. On what basis they are opposing it? That may result into murdering of the victim, particular victim. Because anyway if death sentence is the punishment for the rape perpetrators then it can result in death of the victim. So this women's group have no objection in awarding death sentences to other case? Only in cases where there is no chance of reformation. Who is to decide that you can't reform a person? That has to be decided by... See you look at it like this, an animal goes berserk, a tiger or lion. Yes sir. And what we are doing, we are not shooting it. To the maximum extent we are using the dots, we are tranquilizing it and we are letting it either in a forest or we are caging it in a zoo. If that's the law for an animal, how can you kill a human being? After all Gandhiji said an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind. Yes sir. And how will you justify Bachchan's judgement? In certain aspects like terrorist attacks where the security of the nation is under compromise. In such cases... And you are saying that only under terrorist attacks the death sentences can be given. And murders coming under the other category of personal motives and other things. In those cases death sentences should not be given. I believe in that sir. That's your view? Yes sir. Thank you. Okay. Now comments, your speaking is good. Yes sir. Some good answers are given like when you asked why won't they sentence... You told the right to abolish the evidence. You may commit the murders there also. Yes sir. The murders so that... Because punishment is same for both. That was the real reason. Yes sir. Another reason for giving a... When you award a death sentence the courts are very reluctant. Okay sir. The courts show almost sympathy, not sympathy but almost care to see the evidence required for giving a death sentence is much higher than life sentence. Yes sir. Both are same. Okay. So that's another reason. So that the courts are very reluctant to give death sentence in the lower level. Okay. But you said that it is well codified by Supreme Court, the rest of the rare. It has to be codified as such. No, there is some codification. Okay sir. Because in that Bachchan Singh case they said the rare is rare. Then they also said a balanced theory. The mitigating circumstances and the aggravating circumstances that they have said. Okay sir. Two days back Hindu, that's the editorial, two ladies have written that article well. The editorial was written four, five years back. How in Ribhaya case the mitigating circumstances have not been taken into account. Mitigating circumstances are those circumstances which reduce the crime, reduce the gravity of the crime. Yes. Illiterate. If they worked under their social... From their life etc. They belong to a lower class. All their mitigating circumstances. The quality of the crime and after committing the... After committing the murder if you dismember the body, they are all the... It makes the murder more gruesome. Okay sir. So aggravating circumstances and mitigating circumstances must be balanced. In only you can come to a conclusion. Rare is not in number. Not one or two in a year or five in a year. They are getting 20 in a year. But it is in the nature of the crime, the gravity of the crime. Gravity. Okay. Rare is not in number. Rare means that. It is getting the crime, not actual the number. Okay. So we put a... We put a... On all these... Rare is not in number. And the balance is in load. Okay sir. Please. My opinion is like... It's like my opinion. Supreme Court has said that women devotees should be allowed in Shabarimala. But it's no place for activism. It has been told. So you said even activists should be allowed to... Like non fair activism. That I feel like it can be avoided. Like the... Devotion. It's for devotional purposes. Religious purposes. Okay sir. You can. And after sir told also you have not seen everyone. That has to be... I am not used to that. I am not used to that. That person you heard. Yes sir. I will... I will try to rectify that. Okay. First. 11th is the Delhi election. Delhi election. Yes sir. Thailand see the newspaper. What has happened? I... Okay. Yeah. There was a shooting in a mall. Okay ma'am. 21. 21. Oh yes. 21 people were killed. Coronavirus might be an important issue. Yes sir. Because Kerala has that trick or instant. Yes sir. You have brought it to India. And in all cases bats. Bats are having those viruses. Bats right. Both Ebola, Nipa last year are now coronavirus. Yes sir. And M.E.R.s also. Yes sir. All are by bats. Today you have seen Hindu. Yes sir. You should frequently ask questions towards the last page. Beautiful article on coronavirus. Yes sir. Read that because you belong to Kerala. Okay sir. You are part of Kerala. So read that. And coronavirus any day is one of the major issues now. Okay sir. Read that. Very ethical. Today's Hindu is very good article. But you are not... We are near you know. I know sir. I am not. She is from Kerala sir. Then we have to be careful. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. All the best. Thank you sir. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. All the best. Thank you. And interview? 27th month. 17th. All the best.