 I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education, and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls' Tree College. It is a constituent college of University of Allahabad, and it is my email ID. The topic which I am going to discuss today is very close to my heart, and it is qualitative research. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and maybe and will be useful for various teaching examinations as many questions have been asked from this topic. So let's start. First of all, Hunatma ka Anusandhan. Baat karne se pehle hum logon ke man mein jo Anusandhan ka ek criteria fit hai usse quantitative research par wo pehmana fit baidta hai. Isliye jab qualitative research ki baat shiruhi to aksar isko quantitative research ke virod mein dekhah gaya aur usse kamta raka gaya. Kyunki shiruwaat mein, matlab, yeh main ke chal rihon ki aap quantitative research ke baada mein jaanta hai. To jaisse hi baat shiruhati, qualitative research ki to kaha chata hai ki aap generalize nahi kar satte. Jab aap generalize nahi kar satte apni findings ko, to sorry, research karne ka matlab hi kya hain? All like that. To hum logon po ek dosare nazariye se dekhne ki ziruhat hai qualitative research ko yaha par yeh baat nahi ki jaariye ki qualitative research bhehtar hai ki quantitative research bhehtar hai. Donohi approaches hai hindi hai na, ek humara upagam hai, humara dekhne ka tarika hai, dekhne ka nazariya hai. Aur dependi yeh is baat par karta hai ki hum hojne kya jaan hai. Hum yaha pi yari shiru gara hai ki research kya hai, ree plus search hai, baar baar kojna hai. Yhe sab mai maan ke chal rahe hoon ki aap ko insa baare mein pata hai. Yaha kabhi baat mein ish par baat karlenge. Qualitative research MAK course mein haan aur mai bohot din osar ish par baat karna jaarii ki, lekin mauka nahi mil raha tha. To qualitative research, maine bhi apni research qualitative PhD mein qualitative research hi uske hai. So mai se tadaat mein asthapit kar baat ki hoon, ek saar ho baat ki hoon iss ke saar. To mujhe lagta hai ki mai, bhehtar aap ko iss ke baal mein bataa paun ki ki ki jisne nahi kya hai qualitative research, boh uspar ussarike se baat nahi kar sata hai. I think so. To qualitative research mein, ya qualitative research goon atma kya maat ratma kar na sanhaan mein, hum ko dhyaan iss baat ka rena ho gha ki, hamaara prashne kya hai. Research question kya hai, hum kya kojne jaar hain, yeh depend karta hai ki hum kaunsi research apnaingi, qualitative ya qualitative. To yaha pa jaha hum qualitative qualitative ka aap se aage ke kisi video mein difference ki we will discuss in the next video. Lekin yaha pa rahe hum sear qualitative research ki baat kar hai, hai na. To kya hai qualitative research, kisko aap kahange ki goon atma kar na sanhaan hai. Qualitative research is a type of research, ya ne ki research ka ek prakhaar hai that explores, jo hojata hai, explore karta hai, and provides aur humko prastut karta hai, humko deta hai, kya deeper insights into real world problems. i.e. the problems of our daily life can give us a deep insight into which qualitative research can help us. i.e. when we use the information of the soul, it can explore the real world problem in a better way and give us deeper insight. why can it do this? instead of collecting numerical data points those who know about quantitative research know what we do there we collect data, then we get a statistical tool and in the end we tell the difference whether it is significant or not significant i.e. null hypothesis will be rejected or not so so many people know so instead of collecting numerical data points instead of collecting any data points what do we do? intervene or introduce treatments there is control group, experimental group, group home treatment then we do post-test, pre-test and at the end we see all these things are there just like in quantitative research qualitative research helps generate hypothesis i.e. the problem of the soul what does it help? it helps in generating hypothesis i.e. we can imagine the fact-finding that came out of it as well as further investigate and understand quantitative data or we can say that in the first instance we took out quantitative results from cause and effect factor that this is the reason why this is happening but if we want a deeper insight we need further exploration so for that we need to go into qualitative research why? because the job is to explore so what do qualitative research gathers? qualitative research participates experiences i.e. the participants, our sample on which we are focusing their experiences, their perception their business and this is not just quantitative research it can be done only with eyes that too in numerical form so apart from this it answers the hows and whys i.e. it answers this how and why this happened instead of how many and how much i.e. it is not told how many, how many, how much but how and how this happened only then it will come out when we will share their experiences we will try to understand their experiences there are many points we will discuss later it could be structured as a standalone study it can be that we are just doing qualitative research or purely relying on qualitative data i.e. we are doing a good study in which we are only using qualitative research and it could be part of mixed method research i.e. mixed method research is also very popular these days because in qualitative research it is very difficult to understand how you did not put any tool you did not put any statistics so how did this research happen so we will do it a little bit to make it a little bit at ease that we will do qualitative research we will do quantitative research first we took some data from quantitative and then we will do further analysis so these things have become very popular in the field of research we can do mixed methods research in which we can take qualitative and quantitative both but standalone research is also very popular and their finding is also verifiable ok so this is the first first testimony with our qualitative research then what is qualitative research at its core it asks open-ended questions whose answers are not easily put into numbers such as how and why whenever we have to know how and why it happened then we cannot ask it a question we cannot ask it a question we cannot tick it just tick it or tell it yes or no we will always have to go with open-ended questions then we will get those things out which are not even in our minds one of the strengths of qualitative research is its ability to explain processes and patterns of human behaviour that can be difficult to quantify what is special about it actually it happened that there was so much pressure on quantitative research when the emergence of qualitative research then its positivity its plus point it was told its negativity it was told that it is lacking that it cannot generalize that it has no validity no reliability all those terms that go with quantitative research that is the second approach so it does not have quantitative research so we need to see this way we do not need to see this way that it is lacking so its plus point its positivity its boon is that the behaviour of human which is difficult to give us which is difficult to inculcate the processes i.e. the processes and patterns to be explained apart from this and such as experiences attitudes and behaviours can be difficult to accurately capture quantitatively for example if someone is very happy if someone has a very brutal experience then how much will he rate what will he say 100, 200, 1000 maybe he will be able to read less words he will not be able to give it so those things that experience, attitude, behaviour which we are difficult to quantify human being is the most unpredictable being human being is the most unpredictable being we cannot tell why they are saying this today they will say something else i don't know how much the psychological process will go on that they are saying this subconsciously so it is difficult to accurately quantitatively capture it whereas a qualitative approach allows participants themselves to explain what they were thinking feeling and experiencing at a certain time or during an event of interest while qualitative research allows the participants to tell themselves how they are thinking what they are thinking feeling, experiencing at that particular time or at that event of interest and later it is not that we are just talking to the participants and we give such results negotiated outcomes later it goes on to your researcher to talk to the participants that we have taken this discussion actually you were also thinking the same or we have thought something wrong so this is a very typical complex and exhaustive work of qualitative research so i think now you have cleared a little bit what is qualitative research methods served to explore the gray areas that remain outside the confines of quantitative predictive research in human behavior what do we do in quantitative research we have made questionnaire i always feel that we have made questionnaire so we have put the same points which we feel are possible or which we have come to know from the review of related research or which people have put in the last questionnaires but there can be a point that is not in the mind of the participant it is only in the mind of the participant so we have to take open ended we have to take unstructured then only something new will come out or the things that have already been published we are just going to check it, we are going to verify it we are going to do the cause and effect so we have to pay attention that there is no good or bad research both the researchers are just approached towards research questions that we actually what do we want to find out then training in qualitative research is absolutely essential to understand and explore the dynamic nature of the society in which we function so in the beginning when we indulged in qualitative research and we had to do something that is very unstructured it means that the questionnaire is ready and we have to fill it and then we have to do data and who does it himself it becomes a system but the quality of the research data you give it to anyone now a lot of its functions Atlas and Atlas I a lot of software have come but when we researched it there was no software available or it would be available in some high quality research or in very good facilities we did not know that there could be any software so much data talks, tape records to revise it to file it to find a pattern it was so tough and so time consuming and a lot of times a person gets demotivated that we will not be able to do research actually I think all the PhDs think that this research will not be able to do it but then finally a person can sum up it so training is also required in quantitative research if you have some statistical information or someone will guide you because the path is structured you know that you have to do this but the path of qualitative research is not ready we have to make it ourselves as we are indulged in research as we are involved in the data collection process the path is cleared slowly slowly at the beginning everything is washed hence a training is required to indulge in qualitative research qualitative research qualitative research studies are natural settings attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them hence the qualitative research we need a deeper insight we need a participant experience who tries to study those things in their natural settings attempting to make sense of the earth of phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them the participant has given the earth we need to get that earth okay qualitative research is so special so qualitative research will be special what is the role of qualitative research is very special qualitative research must act as a bricolier what is bricolier this term is not used frequently if you see the Hindi meaning of bricolier you will get a bricolage what is bricolage? bricolage is like whatever we have we can make some earth something like this something like this there was tits and wits there was no pattern there was no similarity but bricolier you can say made it like an instinct like you feel that there is a pattern there is earth too qualitative research bricolier uses the tools of his or her methodological trade he makes his own methodology he uses his own methodological trade his tools deploying whatever strategies methods and empirical materials are are at hand means whatever club you are in you have to work with that the same method will be used we will make that in the year 1999 the choice of which tools to use is not set in advance look because we have to see the path through the participant's eyes what is he feeling what is his vision so how can we go ahead as we are interviewing we have used the tools so as the interview goes on we will come to know what will be the next question the things we have given a lot of importance that question because life is very important so we are not able to set anything in advance whatever set is but often it is considered as a delimitation there is no set in it there is a logic behind it why is it haphazard why is it not set because of that way because of this very nature that we have to follow the process of research practices depends upon the questions that are asked the question we are asking the questions depend on their context and many times it happens that we thought that we will talk about this but according to the context it is very sad and we are going to share some sad experience so we are being a human being to create an empathetic environment if we repeat the same thing then it will be more sad so we will change the question by looking at the context so we have to follow this way that is why the process is a little lengthy so it is a little slow ok then characteristic if we want to be a qualitative researcher then what should be special what should be important ability to perform we should have the ability to perform many different types of tasks ranging from interviewing to observing to interpreting personal and historical documents to intensive self reflection and introspection many times we are going to be very sad now we will talk about quantitative research we do not have to be a qualitative researcher but qualitative research says without being a qualitative researcher you will not be able to do your work so these are the things and we will discuss the terms later so here we have to do many types of tasks we have to take an interview we have to do pre-examination we have to do personal documents historical documents then we have to do self reflection we have to do introspection self reflection we have to be subjectivity but we do not have to be immersed we have to be immersed and detached so this is very difficult it is easy to be detached but to be immersed and detached it is so tough then ability and willingness to read a lot and understand the connections between we have to understand that we have to see whether it is in the mind or not if something is going on in the mind if something is going on in the mind we have to measure this discrepancy between the many interactive paradigms like Marxism cultural studies constructivism that can be brought to any particular problem so that we can understand so many things we should have knowledge we will talk about what is the role of post-positivism and in post-positivism then ability to work together in between competing and overlapping perspectives and paradigms we have to see what is going on understanding that research is an interactive process we have to understand what is going on in the mind shape by his or her personal history biography, gender social class, race and ethnicity and those of the people in the setting it is not like the personal experience personal history what is the biography what is gender what is social class what race what is ethnicity everything works everything is intermixed everything is interplay then what do they produce what is your qualitative researcher what is he producing he is producing a lot of special things abricolage what is abricolage a complex a complex thing you can reflect from that collage like creation that represents the researcher's images what is he producing what is he producing what is the pattern what is he producing the image of the researcher what is the picture in his mind what is the understanding of the world and phenomena under analysis this abricolage will connect the parts of the whole stressing the meaningful relationships that operate in the situations and social world study and this abricolage from that part the images are pointing towards the whole towards the complete we get a meaningful relationship that operates in the situations and social world study and the social world we do qualitative researcher has not given his responsibility so this abricolage should be okay so this is a quick review of what is qualitative research and in the next video we will talk about the difference between qualitative and quantitative research because it is very important to understand qualitative research will not understand in this way that there are some disadvantages some problems come this car role had quantitative research okay so I have completed this very topic and thank you all don't forget to like and subscribe my channel and join my telegram group to get learning materials if you want to ask me there you can ask and you can provide your valuable feedback to me too okay so done from my side