 Metal oxide nanoparticles are increasingly being used in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, immunotherapy, diagnosis, dentistry, regenerative medicine, wound healing, and biosensing. These particles exhibit unique physical and chemical properties which make them ideal candidates for use in these applications. Metal oxides also possess antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them attractive for use in medical treatments. Despite their promise, there remain concerns about the safety of metal oxide nanoparticles due to their small size and increased surface area. This review provides an overview of the current state of research into metal oxide nanoparticles, including their physical chemical properties, applications in biomedicine, and potential risks associated with their use. This article was authored by Maria P. Nicolova and Murthy Esauri.