 Okay, hi everybody. Let's let's wrap it up tonight with the talking about tomatoes and I'm gonna give this talk. So my name is Tom Cobb and I am a horticulturist for North Dakota State University. My background is I am from a farm in Minnesota where we were had a commercial apple orchard and we raised about 15 acres of vegetables including tomatoes. I support the horticulture activities out here especially in the western part of the state. I'm based in Bismarck and I coordinate North Dakota home garden variety trials and I also help assist with North Dakota junior master gardener program. So let's get started and start talking about tomatoes. Beautiful tomatoes while they're so lush. They were so in the old days they were so beautiful and luscious that they were the Puritans banned them because they looked too sexy. Did you know that? And then there's that old belief that they were poisonous because they're a member of the nightshade family but Thomas Jefferson and other gardeners dispel that myth. Tomatoes are wonderful in all kinds of foods like pizza and pasta and I just like eating cherry and grape tomatoes by themselves. So let's talk about how to grow them starting with the best varieties. I think the best varieties are early because we have such a short growing season. We want our tomatoes to be productive. We want them to resist diseases naturally so we don't have to be using the toxic fungicides. Of course you want them flavorful and we want them to grow well here locally in North Dakota. There's all kinds of tomatoes out there. There's black and green and gold and red and yellow and there's round ones and pear shaped ones but when I look for tomatoes I first of all I look at the vine type. There's two major types of vines. Determinant and indeterminant. The determinate ones are compact and bushy. They stop growing once the flowers start to appear and set fruit. You don't prune them and you don't have to trowel them if you don't want to but they do do do well when they're staked or caged. They'll give you an early yield and a concentrated yield. Now you can grow the indeterminate types too here but the vine never stops growing. It can be six feet tall and they must be pruned. They must be trellised. The benefit about an indeterminate type is it has an extended growing season, extended harvest season. So maybe someday when I retire in Florida I'll grow more indeterminate types. These are some of the most popular varieties in North Dakota. Early girl is popular especially because it's an early ripener. Celebrity is popular because it resists a lot of diseases. It has a good quality fruit. The number one tomato variety for growers in the Midwest is Mountain Fresh Plus. It has a beautiful crack-free fruit and it's productive. If you're like a beef steak type, a meaty beef steak, big beef is very popular and Roma is a very popular, paced tomato. Okay everybody's got their own special preferences. I, my preference if I could just grow one, I would try, I would grow orange cherry tomatoes. I especially like sun sugar. This is sun gold and actually in the beginning I wouldn't grow these type of tomatoes because I always kind of feel like they didn't look like they're ripe but after enough gardeners convinced me to try it, I did and they were right. It is a very intense flavor and fruity. It's, and it cracks less than most cherry tomatoes. So I would encourage you to try an orange cherry tomato. I think you'll really be delighted about it and if we have time at the end I would love to hear about other tomatoes that you guys like. That's so nice thing about these forms is just by seeing all these questions and comments, I'm learning a lot and I'm sure everybody can learn about from the experiences of others. So I can't wait to find out what tomato varieties you like. As far as the varieties that I'm really excited about this year about these new varieties, first is Big Beef Plus. So again, Big Beef is a great beef steak and now Big Beef Plus it resists more diseases, it's sweeter and it has more a redder interior flesh. So this really looks exciting to me. And another one that I'm really excited to try is Mountain Merit. It won the All America award because it's reported to be the best slicer or sandwich tomato there is. It's from the Mountain Series. Those have come from the mountains of North Carolina and they take cool temperatures and the Mountain Series resists a lot of diseases. Really looking forward to growing this one. Yellow Pear, a lot of us have grown yellow pear, that's a once you grow it once you'll never forget it. It's a giant bush that's lord of these mild tasting fruits. This year I'm going to try some of the old fashioned North Dakota varieties and one is called Fargo Yellow Pear and it's a cross that we made in at Fargo and the vines are less vigorous and the fruits are a little bit bigger. So and there's other varieties developed in North Dakota made for North Dakota like Cheyenne and Allstate and Cannonball and we're going to be testing one of those this year in our trials. I'm not a fan of heirlooms in general because I think heirlooms are heirlooms. We moved on. Heirlooms are generally speaking not that productive, they're not reliable, they're susceptible to a lot of diseases, they're thin skin and they crack easily so but still heirlooms have good taste, good flavor and I think a strong trend now in tomato breeding is trying to breed tomatoes that that look like heirlooms and taste good but have more disease resistance and are more productive and I think the chef's choice exemplifies this very well. It's won a lot of awards and there's all kinds and there's orange chef's choice. This is the by color type that was just developed. There's red, green and black one and pink one too but you might want to try these for a very flavorful variety. Okay let's talk briefly about fertilizing and nothing really that special about tomatoes. General speaking for gardens we put about a pound of 10, 10, 10 for every 100 square foot to get it started. The second number, the phosphorus promotes root growth and so some of our commercial growers when you plant their tomatoes they'll plant them a little bit deeper than what they were in the cell pack because tomatoes can form roots along their stems and then give them a drink of a phosphorus fertilizer to get them to root quickly. Then as far as tomatoes you got to go careful, you don't want the vines to get too lush so I sidress after the fruits are set okay. If you get too lush too too much fertilizer you're going to get all leaves and a delayed flowering so in general keep your eyes on your plants I always think that's a good idea. The vines look a little bit pale and yellow they need a little bit more nitrogen but if they're very lush with all flowers you got to cut them off there's there's too much nitrogen going on and that tells me what's the best thing you can give your plants and that is your shadow. Spend time in your garden the best gardener spend time and they get to know their plants they they they have like a relationship with them say oh man you look a little pale or or while something's nipping on you better take care of this so our Native Americans have the same same saying that the best thing you can give your garden is your footprint spend time in your garden and you'll be successful. Tomatoes like mulch it accelerates their growth rate tomato can be protect from the mulch can protect against soil diseases a lot of tomato diseases come from the soil and like when you splash when you irrigate them then that's that soil fungus will splash onto the leaves so if you have a layer of mulching between that that can serve as a barrier we all know that mulching concerns moisture and some mulches the reflective types can repel insects actually because like the reflective types an aphids flying down onto the tomato and it sees the sky is reflected on the mulch and so it sees the sky above it sees the sky below and it doesn't know which way to go and so this crashes right into the mulch and dies so aphids can be used can be controlled using reflective mulchings or it's partially controlled. I don't have a picture of tomatoes growing in clear plastic but I do have it with cucumbers and this was in Fargo I saw and you see the difference clear plastic really generates a lot of heat this tomato vine under the clear plastic it's about two weeks ahead of schedule of the one right next to it in the unmulched area see this this one's already blooming but also under clear plastic you see it's got some weeds going on there and that that can be an issue. Here's black plastic with peppers and if you you gotta have the black plastic like tight or taut onto the soil so it can help absorb heat and bring that to the soil and you see this helps to control weeds and studies actually show that the the light reflected off red mulch will lead to the highest yield of tomato about 10 percent higher yield if you use red mulch so just to summarize red plastic gives you the highest yields the clear plastic gives you the more heat the nice thing about black plastic is you get some heat but it will stop the weeds strong mulch can moderate the temperatures usually I like if I use strong mulch I'll wait until the ground is very warm and then I'll put it on because I want that the ground to warm up quicker and landscape fabric is getting popular as a mulch because it's reusable trellising can be important for tomatoes there's pros and cons the good point is when you get the plants off the ground you get better air circulation in the tomato patch you'll have fewer diseases because there's a lot of diseases from the soil and you'll get better fruit quality if you trellis your plants but on the negative it costs money to trellis your plants and the ground's exposed so you're gonna have for it's going to require more irrigation and you're gonna have more blossom and rot here's a staking plant just using a bamboo stake or here's a here's a method that I used a string weed system in which you pound a stake between every two plants usually and then you just wind some string around to act as support here's a quick picture of that and this person actually did the stakes between every plant but most people do it every other plant and you just just wind the twine around and it supports the plant up keeps it up and you just bought every eight to ten inches you put a new layer of twine on as the plant grows up so you might want to try a string weed system there's been studies comparing different types of trellising and as far as what's the best way for each if we found that for earliest if you stake that's the best way as far as getting the tomatoes to ripen earlier because the ground warms up as far as fruit size also staking does a very good job but again you see you see the thing about sprawling and no trellising really is negative doesn't really get the job done for marketable yield caging and string weed is a good way to go fruit quality there's you know you'll get good quality fruit any type of trellis system just not with that sprawling and the only thing that's good about not trellising is you save money so there's pros and cons for this pruning pruning is is not that hard to do it really isn't and if you have an indeterminate variety you've got a prune and so you got to find the suckers and usually what we do is for each plant we want to have two main vines so one is the mother vine that's in the soil she comes up that's you know that's the mother vine and then the other vine is going to be a sucker that's strong and what I do is I look for the first flower cluster and right below it there's usually a very strong sucker that grows right right in that leaf area right right right between the leaf and the and the main stem and I will use this as my second vine and then everything below that all those suckers are coming out and everything above that all those other suckers that grow above are coming out too so look for that sucker just below the first flower cluster that's usually a strong one that we can keep as a vine okay talk about pest control I you know here's uh I I just hate seeing uh like this is a dust with seven carburel dust and we just don't have that many problems with tomatoes I would just say really the only guy is this guy right here this is what I would this is what is a manduka the evil manduka which is this the the tomato horn worm this is an amazing pest this is a pest that increases in size by 1000 times in three weeks that's like a cat turning into an elephant in three weeks just by eating so it just eats constantly it eats four times its weight every day just keeps shedding off its skin and so when I see a tomato horn worm what I notice is like when I go out to the garden in the morning I'll notice oh my goodness I just look what happened that tomato vine I lost a third of it overnight and then you just look carefully and you can see that horn worm was right there just had a great meal of tomato vine and so then I'm going to get my revenge that's this that's the sweet part so there's different ways to get revenge on insect pests maybe you like a slow torturous death and so B.T. best cells during genesis that's good you spray you can spray the plant spray the pest and when the when the pest eats that plant it'll get a stomach ache and it'll get a stomach ache for two days and die so that's a nice slow death if you like to have a quick death that spinocid is a is a will kill quickly and paralyze the pest. Neem has kind of an interest reaction in that when you spray neem on tomatoes it will it's a repellent so the insects won't want to eat the vine anymore and also neem if it does eat it gets a little neem then the neem causes the insect to not develop it doesn't and then it doesn't become an adult doesn't want to have sex and it just slowly dies just a terrible way to go pyrethrin and is a quick is a quick killer and insecticidal soap you have to spray the bug itself for me what I do I I believe in a dirty hairy Clint Eastwood approach to killing horn worms and that is okay you just ate a third of my plant you're gonna make my day I'm gonna kill you right now and so I can spray it at that time or dust with carburel or use a seven pyrethroid and then you then you spray the past and you can just fall right it falls right down before your eyes and then it has nerve spasms for about 10 10 or 10 seconds and then it just dies right before your eyes so it's like an easy sense revenge or often what I do if I have a lot a lot a lot of work to do all I do is I step on it I pick off the horn worm throw it on the ground and I step on it with my big foot that's the end of that nice texture to the bug just kill it right away that's what I do when it's on my tomatoes are flowering tobacco plants those horn ones are there I just gonna step on them nice thing about tomatoes is bunnies usually they'll eat tomatoes but not the vines they don't really like it so we don't really have to worry too much about bunnies in the tomato patch compared to others but we all know that in the garden patch the bunnies the bunnies are not soft and cuddly and huggable but bunnies are actually evil they are our enemy and really the best way to deal with bunnies in the garden is there you go that's the lead solution but if that another way if you don't want to do it that way is always put up a barrier between you and wildlife that's the best way a physical barrier like a fence and you know this this bunny kind of you kind of feel sad for look at those soft eyes but actually you should not feel sad for this bunny this is like a a garden mobster just plotting his next attack on your garden so show no mercy to bunnies okay then not too many insect pests but there are a lot of disease pests and this is early blight and that's a very common one and I would say one of the best ways to prevent early blight is don't do this don't do overhead watering because I always thought this was good for plants you know I thought I feel good when I take a shower so I think they like it when I give them a shower and the leaves are all glossy but if I could speak vegetable they would be cursing at me right now they say Tom why are you doing this to me now I'm going to get disease tonight and I'm going to I'm going to die from this and and then I remember when I when I got older I was my first big job was I work I was I worked at a Sunfar research place trying to they trained they hired me to kill plants so what I would do is I would turn on the irrigation at night and then I would I was like the grim reaper trying to kill and I would I would spray rust spores or the plants and our goal was just to spread that disease everywhere so we did it at night with the overhead watering and we hope to find one plant that didn't have that rust disease so as far as the proper way to water don't use overhead irrigation keep the plants dry irrigate in the morning the plants will absorb all the water they need and anything that gets on the leaves will dry quickly before night you should water deeply not frequently when you water deep the roots grow deep when you water shallow the roots are shallow because the roots grow where the water is and again mulching can help conserve moisture again avoid soil splash again to wrap it up with fungal diseases there are resistant varieties try to reduce the humidity by maximizing the spacing the sunlight and the air movement don't splash the soil because that's where diseases come from you can use fundicides that prevent disease like a shield of protection so chlorothalonil is the common one in every almost every garden center the fundicide will be chlorothalonil in the active ingredients or if you're organic copper can help and then remove or bury any diseased debris and like any was saying with with potatoes rotate your crops if you can in the garden gotta talk about blossom and rod for a minute that's such a problem but this is not a fungus this is a calcium deficiency that causes the fruit to collapse just like our bones collapse if we don't have calcium and solar the cell walls of a tomato fruit but the thing is the answer is not to add more calcium to the soil because our soils in North Dakota generally have plenty of calcium but somehow we got to get that calcium to the fruits so one thing is you know we need the roots to bring the calcium from the soil to the plant so be careful when you when you cultivate you know tomato roots are shallow don't damage the shallow roots try to maintain uniform soil moisture or soil moisture and mulching can help with this so by doing that there's always be some calcium in the soil solution for the plants to absorb and then avoid too much nitrogen because you know you may not notice but like when plants take up calcium the leaves and the fruits do not share it they fight each other for it and so if you have a lot of nitrogen you have lush plants lots of leaves and those leaves are going to take that calcium from the fruits so that's right because it's about over fertilization if you and that's why again I only I fertilize after my fruits are set unless the plants look pale calcium sprays some university studies seem like they work but sometimes they don't work so they're not reliable but if you want to try you spray the fruits when they're dying size spray the fruits directly with about four tablespoons of calcium nitrate per gallon of water okay what I always do is I just take I just spend some time in my garden and I look at that first fruit cluster that's the one that's most likely going to get the blossom n-rot because because there's just there's there's too many leaves they're fighting on the plant you but usually the subsequent clusters have much less blossom n-rot so if you see a green tomato with blossom n-rot pick it off well asking and talk about its herbicide injury this is my number one question every summer is how come my potatoes and tomatoes are all curved curled up and it's usually because of herbicide injury the herbicides drifted from when the lawn was sprayed for dandelions but then sometimes people swear I swear that there was no herbicides used nearby then the next question I ask is how about did you put any manure in your garden okay because what we're what's happening is that farmers spray their their hay fields or their pastures with these persistent herbicides and when the when the horse there eats that that pasture grass the pasture grass is loaded with herbicide and the and the herbicide does not break down when it goes from the mouth to the butt and so it just poops out herbicide-filled manure and then when you use that you can be spreading the herbicide in your garden and the other common way has to do with lawn clippings you got to be careful because in the good old days they said you can use lawn clippings just mow three times from the time the spray between between the time you use the lawn clippings for your tomato plants but today's herbicides are stronger and more persistent and if you read the label the label will tell you do not use lawn clippings for your tomatoes otherwise the chemical will will volatilize on the tomato leaves so I want to thank give the photo credits and one last thing is we are testing tomatoes this spring in our home garden variety trials we're giving out these seeds this week we're testing a lot of new promising varieties like that big beef plus and there's a new celebrity called celebrity plus we're testing mountain merit and all kinds that we're doing peppers and eggplants too if you are interested in participating in the trials again we're sending out the seeds right now you can sign up and go to the you can google the North Dakota home garden variety trials or just go to this website you can go to the catwalk and order the seeds that you want we'd like to have a big team of gardeners testing these different varieties okay with that I wish you all a happy spring and I am going to stop sharing okay I see a comment about the Fargo yellow pear tomato yes that is offered by prairie road organic prairie road organic is is uh that's at the North Dakota seed company it's taking the leadership role as far as preserving the the old North Dakota tomatoes of the past and so they're a great source of seeds for North Dakota tomatoes I I order from them myself that's actually that's where I got my Fargo yellow pear we're testing that in our trials this year let me get to some more questions here we answered about growing tomatoes and potatoes on the same to ketchup and french fries plant that's just not a good way to go okay someone planted mountain merit tomatoes last year and they were tasty there's a there's a question about the night shade issue tomatoes and potatoes and eggplant they're all in the night shade family and night shade can have toxic fruits and so that's a weed that has toxic fruits and so because we're in the same family there there was concerns that well if the night shades are poisonous then the tomatoes may may be poisoned but it's a different species and so tomatoes are safe but don't be eating night shade weeds are there varieties of tomatoes that are higher in anthocyanins um there's the the big one that made a big splash was called health kick health kick um I personally don't believe in buying varieties that are high in anthocyanins I because a lot of times they have a bitter taste or they that's or their only good point is that they're high in anthocyanins there maybe they're low yielding they taste better like those uh we tested those indigo tomatoes and a lot of our gardeners did not like the flavor of them so I think instead of getting a little bit extra boost with a certain variety I think it makes more sense to find a variety that you like to eat and just eat more of them and you'll be happier okay someone so like sun gold's so good okay pair it with sweet million where do you purchase mountain merit tomato plants you gotta well you go to your local garden center and especially the local one might be a good way to go a local garden center like maybe not the national the national brands um I haven't seen I haven't seen mountain merit locally that's why we're gonna grow it this year this person likes cherry fox it's a bigger fruit just like sun sugar um these people like silets and saucy paste sun gold's great what's a good seed catalog or website um you have to be careful recommending if I could just pick one seed catalog it's right here in my desk and that's johnny selected seeds and I know this is like maybe you're seeing this reverse but there's a lot of great places to get your seeds including our local garden centers but I like the johnny seed catalog because it's a great educational resource it will teach you how to grow the tomatoes I'll tell you the bugs that are a problem and the diseases that are a problem how to space the plants um what's a good grape tomato variety I haven't ever tasted I I've never I haven't compared great tomato varieties um I can't I can't tell you what's a great a great one um this person got a lot of tomatoes but few of them ripen from green before the frost how do you prevent that these were indeterminate varieties you gotta find an early ripening tomato like she tried pineapple and Cherokee purple tomatoes just they want the heat so you could use black plastic to generate more heat but I think start with an early ripening tomato look look at your choices when you're at the garden center look to see how many days it is when everybody's got a smartphone go online find out about if you see a variety find out how many days and look for the early ripening types the Cheyenne Cheyenne tomato seeds are getting harder to find and Prairie World Organic sells them but um they're actually Prairie World organics out of Cheyenne seeds right now but they're making a big seed increase next year so you can look for them I think Cheyenne has a great reputation what does heirloom seed means it comes it comes it's it's generally it's kind of a loose definition but it's generally an old variety that's non-hybrid so you can save seed from heirloom tomatoes most tomatoes tomato Fridays will self pollinate so you can in most cases you can get away with not spacing out the plants too far um so this you can save the seeds it's easy to save tomato seeds you just scoop out the flesh you put it in a plastic bag and you let it sit under in that bag for about a week and then you can just flush out the flesh comes right off the seed this person also likes to burp you see come there's so many good companies don't apply the mulch until the tomato start to appear as recommendation that's a that's an entry again the whole idea don't put don't put straw mulch until tomatoes start to appear I support but there's nothing wrong with using black mulch or clear mulch before you uh before the tomatoes appear because we want to warm up the ground any specific mulch that you recommend no I don't whatever works for you whatever that's what garden's all about whatever works for you I've you I've used uh black plastic mulch the most for tomatoes or a landscape fabric I know it's popular now because it's readily available and it warms up the soil this person likes juliet grape tomatoes me too it's one of my favorites but it's going to be hard to find those plants this year there was a seed shortage does mulching help stop blossom and rot yes because mulching helps keeps the soil uh moisture in what's an example of a reflective mulch these are a type of a silver type of a mulch that that literally reflect the sunlight it's what's a silver based mulch it's like a almost like aluminum foil ish those are mostly used in hot countries like in Asia they're not because we need the reflective mulch it doesn't really generate the heat and we need to generate the heat that's why the we use black plastic or the or the or the clear mulch this person likes chocolate cherry buffalo sun is a nice tomato that has a nice uh buffalo sun has a beautiful marbled flesh pinkish orange flesh this person puts old tires around every tomato plant is there anything negative to that uh i i'm a little bit concerned about that because i'd be i'd be concerned about something leaching out of those tires why do you have more blossom and rot when you trellis because when you trellis the plants are brought up and the soils exposed to drying more often so again to to minimize blossom and rot we have to conserve the soil moisture maintain soil moisture so if you trellis the plants up the soils exposed more to drying so he just had to be a better had to just irrigate more often how deep do you plant a tomato you planted tomato well you don't you don't want to plant too deep because the ground's cold okay in the springtime but you can get away with planting at this time like an inch deep than what the cell pack is because again tomatoes will form um roots along their stem so just a little bit deeper than that cell pack don't plant them down the china because it's cold yes these blossom man are out where can you find fargo yellow pear plants i i don't know where maybe somebody has found the fargo yellow plants yellow pear plants this person like fourth of july tomatoes that's a burpee variety i've heard a lot of people like fourth of july this person hates bunny rabbits too oh this person takes tomato horn worms and beats them with her whole wow i got big feet so i just step on them how big are the horn worms at their smallest they're just they're an egg at their smallest they're an egg it's late as an egg there's a black beetle with yellow or tan spots sat beetles oh like a black yeah those are sat beetles or also called picnic beetles black beetles with tan spots and so the way the best way to control them is they're attracted to overripe fruit so the most important thing is pick your tomatoes on time and if you do have a rotten tomato don't throw it down on the ground pick it up and get it out of the garden that's what causes sat beetles they're attracted to that fermenting yeast this person likes neem oil is it better to water like with us with a soaker hose keep the leaves dry when you water so our soaker hose is great or a watering wand anything that or a drip irrigation when transplanting in spring should half of the vine be buried again i would just bury a little bit deep and it will sprout better because it's uh it forms roots along its stem do eps and stalls help tomatoes when planting in the ground eps and salts are magnesium sulfate and um i i really don't a lot of people use them for blossom and rock control but it doesn't work for blossom and control i don't know i don't i i can't save eps and salts help i i would say i'd question that but there's only one way to tell you and with these kind of uh these kind of um fairytale solutions is like you get a six pack of of tomatoes and on three of them you put the eps and salts underneath when in the ground in the soil when you when you plant them and three you don't and see if it makes a difference maybe it's better maybe like uh you get your husband to do it and then and and don't tell the wife or the other or whether when don't tell your spouse and so that way it's a blind study and then at the end of the year you both can compare which three plants were the best and maybe it's the one with eps and salts i doubt it the crushing eggshells help uh eggshells have very little good i mean it's a little bit of organic manner but the for the calcium itself you'd have to crush into a very fine powder to be available this year and again most first worlds have enough calcium to begin with so eggshells are a source of organic matter and it doesn't hurt but it's not really going to be a good source of calcium same with tub tums tablets um i just questioned the usefulness of tums tablets i again work with your spouse and do a scientific experiment um what about the liquid fertilizer agro thrive i never heard of it so i can't say but you know there's nothing wrong look at the label look at the numbers like is it nitrogen phosphorus potassium is it a balanced solution but you know liquid fertilizers can be very effective they're they're generally quick acting okay i gotta keep moving can wood chips be used as a mult wood chips can be used as a mult but when the wood chips decompose the microbes um they need they need nitrogen to decompose the wood chips so the microbes will steal the nitrogen out of your soil so when you use wood chips you'll have a short term nitrogen deficiency because the microbes will steal it i don't know where you can get mountain merit tomato plants are there sprays that can be used that won't kill bees yeah i think when we're talking about insecticides i just say just don't use insecticides unless you see the pest itself there's so few insect pests on um tomatoes but in general target for bees the natural insecticides um are shorter lived in the environment and preferably spray in the evening hours when the bees are not actively working how do you control slugs in tomato like iron phosphate is the way to go uh sluggo is a commercial name so that's an organic control iron phosphate escargo is another uh trade name of that read the label carefully another comment about uh when planting planting pick off the leaves up to the top i think it's a good idea after the plants are well established the leaves any leaves that are touching the soil you can trim those off because that will prevent the spread of diseases okay i promise we're gonna get out of here lots of good comments what nightshade weeds are we talking about black nightshade has these black like huckleberries and there's orange nightshade this person says garden center in minot has mountain merit we talked about the difference between determinant and indeterminate what herbicide you recommend for weeds including nightshade in a garden i recommend a garden hole that's the best way use a hole it gets you good exercise and cultivate shallowly a black cherry tomato that was at peace gardens probably it was it was probably indigo gem it's an indigo variety how about uh stink bugs on tomato fruits uh stink bugs again that spindle set is really a remarkable insecticide i would i would look at that first just uh we want to okay can you top off indeterminate vines late in the season if you want to you can top off indeterminate vines okay that's it for tonight i want to get you out on time uh just so you know if we didn't get to all your questions just fire me off an email i'll be happy to answer them for you via email uh also i want to thank scott for his work tonight so helpful and scott his recording this and we will post these videos on the spring fever website so we'll get those posted in a few days so if if you missed anything or you want to tell your friend about a good presentation you saw tonight and then you can watch him uh on the spring fever website so this is our first of four monday night so next night next monday night we're going to be going again 6 30 to 8 30 central we're going to talk about landscapes we're going to talk about some new trees and shrubs that you can find at your garden center we're going to talk about some common mistakes that people make when they care for trees and also we have a presentation of how to design a beautiful perennial flower garden so i'm really looking forward to next week i hope you see you next week on the spring fever garden forums everybody have a good night