 This research compared the performance of three different frequency ranges when encoding 16 targets using steady-state visual evoked potentials, SPEPs. The results showed that the narrowest frequency range between 31 and 34.5 Hertz had the best information transfer rate, ITR, which was 153.79 and hashtag X000B1, 6.39 bits, slash min. This suggests that the narrowest frequency range is optimal for building an online BCI system. This article was authored by Xiaojing Chen, Bingquan Liu, Yijuan Wang, and others.