 Thank you for your patience while we go ahead and get everyone together and make sure that we have tested all of our AV. So good day to everyone who is joining us for DevConf in 2022. I'm Leslie Hawthorne and I will be your moderator for today's keynote panel. For my day job, I work as a senior manager in Red Hat's open source program office where I lead the team that is focused on community engagement for industry verticals. Today is my fourth DevConf, but it's my first time addressing the audience for the virtual event. And I'm sure I speak for many of us when I say I look forward to us all meeting together in Bernau and having a wonderful coffee and enjoying sessions together in person for a future DevConf. Before we begin our keynote panel in earnest today, I'd like to pause for just a moment for a virtual round of applause for the whole team working behind the scenes to bring DevConf to us each year. And I would especially like to thank all of them for their hard work to just quickly change tactics and make sure that we could all continue to meet virtually. So we really much very much appreciate everyone who's involved in bringing us DevConf. So thank you very much. You want to say thank you in chat. That's also great. All right, so awesome. So thank you all for expressing your appreciation right along with me. I'm excited that we have for our keynote today kind of a new perspective with DevConf CZ's global audience right in our talk today. We're going to move beyond our delightful details about technical implementations and we're going to do a deeper exploration of the value of open source software, open artificial intelligence, open content and open standards and how these will are all currently being used to create a better future for Europe's citizens. Our remarks today will explore the current state of the art for open in public policy, municipal governments in academic areas and we'll be looking at developments at the European Union wide level within particular countries and also at the city level. And I'm particularly excited today that we get to share together the impact of open in DevConf's own home city of Bernaud in the Czech Republic. When we're thinking about the context for our remarks today, you know, it's really clear that open source software has been a foundational element in Europe's technology ecosystem for decades and only my 15 years or so working with the global open source community. I've been honored to know so many European free and open source software developers, many of whom runs their own small to medium enterprises. They create and support open source solutions. They create business value. They create economic mobility for their employees. So I've always been excited about the power of open source to be able to do that to foster small business growth and make sure that people can have a good life working together and moving beyond just my own anecdote and personal experience. We also have the recent European Commission study from 2021 on the economic impact of open source software and hardware on the European Union economy. And the estimates from that study are that open source contributes to between 65 to 95 billion with a billion euros to the European Union's GDP. And then when we're thinking about things in the policy context, there's been several important developments over the past 20 years opening up Europe's IT market and driving genuine freedom in the IT space. So we can think of examples as far back as the European Union's first version of their open source strategy that came to us in 2003. That was the foundation for providing the grounds to switch over to Linux for the public sector. Then more recently, we have the Tallinn Declaration of 2017, which said that they're mandated making use more use of open source solutions or open standards when building ICT systems. And then even more recently than that, we have the Berlin Declaration of 2020, which further underscored the importance of open source as a key component of creating human-centered systems and innovative technologies in the public sector, but also throughout Europe. And then if we think about the ways in which open source and open standards are being institutionalized, being made an operationalized part of how things are done in Europe. In just the past 18 months, we've seen a number of developments that underscore the significance and importance for open in Europe, such as the creation of an open source program office at the European Commission within Germany's Ministry of the Interior. And most recently in France's Interministerial Digital Directorate. I've already mentioned the European Commission's detailed study on open source software and hardware that was to publish just six months ago. And then if we look at the way that industry consortia organizations and software foundations have been continuing to advocate for open source throughout Europe from a business and policy perspective for a very long time, we also note that the Eclipse Foundation took the notable action in July of 2021 to move its headquarters from North America to be based in Brussels, Belgium because of all of the growth and activity for their work coming, you know, being driven largely through Europe. So it's with all of these recent events in mind that I bring our focus to today's keynote panel open across Europe from the continent to the cities. I'm honored today to be joined by four distinguished panelists, three of whom can offer us their perspectives, not just as subject matter experts, but as citizens of the Czech Republic and even current or possibly former residents of Bernou. I am pleased to welcome to the stage Mr. Marcel Collaya, Ms. Lucy Smolka, Mr. Robert Spall and Ms. Claire Dillon with and great thanks for their forgiveness. Should I mispronounce their names? Let's go ahead and meet all of our panelists individually. I will first introduce Mr. Marcel Collaja, Quester of the European Parliament and Vice President of the Czech Pirate Party. He served until very recently as a Vice President of the European Parliament. He engages in the committee on the internal market and consumer protection, the committee on culture and education, and the special committee on artificial intelligence in the digital age. His work is mainly focused on topics related to the functioning society in the digital age and he stands for open technologies, freedom on the internet, independence of media, transparency and a united Europe. He is also a graduate of Masarik University and a former resident of Bernou. Thank you so much for joining us today Marcel. Hello, thanks for inviting me. Excellent. I am now pleased to introduce Ms. Lucy Smolka, the lead of the Open Cities Organization in the Czech Republic, as well as the co-founder and lead of the Open Content Organization and the Czech branch of Creative Commons. Lucy joins us today from Bernou where she is a lawyer specializing in law in the digital space and combining law and technology into modern social tools. Under her leadership, the Open Cities Organization helps municipalities with their digitalization and openness strategies, bringing together several Czech cities to collaborate and share code and other resources together. She is a frequent lecturer and published author on public licensing, copyright and software law, and is also a fellow graduate of Masarik University in Bernou where she received her doctorate in intellectual property. Thank you very much for joining us today, Lucy. Thank you very much, Leslie, and thank you for having me here. I'm very happy to be here and for the chance to speak here today. Thank you. Wonderful, thank you. And we will turn now to Mr. Robert Spau, a GIS specialist in the Data and Analytics Department of the Bernou City Municipality. Robert manages the ongoing program to ensure that the data resources of the city of Bernou meet the needs of the city's residents from a content functionality and operational perspective. He is a subject matter in open data, and he is our third panelist from the Czech Republic and our third alumni of Masarik University, where he studied geographic information science and cartography. Thank you so much for joining us today, Robert. Thank you very much, Leslie, and I'm looking forward to this lively discussion. Wonderful. And last, but obviously certainly not least, I am pleased to introduce Ms. Claire Dillon. She is the executive director of the Inner Source Commons Organization, which is a global community of practitioners with the goal of creating and sharing knowledge about using open source software best practices to do software development inside of organizations. She also helps organize the OSPO++ network to support the establishment of university and government open source program offices worldwide. In 2021, she was instrumental in setting up the Open Ireland Network, a community for those interested in advancing open source at a national level in Ireland. Previously, Claire was a member of Microsoft Ireland's leadership team and has spent more than 25 years working with developers and developer communities. She's a graduate of Trinity College in Dublin where she studied mathematics. Thank you for joining us today, Claire. Thank you, I'm delighted to be here. It's not often you get to say the good thing about a pandemic, but the good thing about this pandemic is that I'm here at this virtual conference, so I really appreciate it. Thank you. We're very happy to have you. All right, friends, my thanks again to our esteemed panel. I'm sorry, my script is failing me. There we go. So thank you to all of my esteemed panelists. Now that we've had the opportunity to meet all of them, let's go ahead and dive into how open is manifesting across Europe at the continental, national, and municipal levels. We'll begin today with a question to Mark Tell. We are seeing a surge of interest around open source as a policy tool across Europe. Would you please share your insights with us about how open source, open standards, and principles of open collaboration are taking shape from your point of view as a quester and until very recently vice president of the European Parliament and also as a vice president of the Czech Pirate Party. Right, yeah, thanks for the question. I am a member of the Bureau of the European Parliament a third year now for two and a half years in the capacity of a vice president of the European Parliament now as a quester. And the most important thing for me and for my work in the Bureau and I also need to add that the two and a half years I was a vice president for ICT. I worked in the ICT innovation strategy working group of the Bureau of the European Parliament and I was responsible for ICT in the European Parliament. And for me, the most important thing was to make sure that open source solutions are taken as default in the European Parliament. And that is now currently the case. Probably we don't need to go into the details of the internal procedures in the Bureau of the European Parliament and how this can be achieved. But the fact is that at this moment solutions based on open source are default. I can give you an example now with the pandemics that already has been mentioned. I use it as an example. At the beginning of the pandemic, the parliament suddenly had to completely change the way how it worked. Before then everything happened face to face, including meetings and most importantly, including voting. So you had for not only the committees but the voting sessions of the plenary, you had to gather all the MEPs in one time at one place. You had 700 MEPs at one place voting. And that, of course, was no possible with the pandemic to put 700 people in one room. So we had to basically from day to day that completely change the way how we work. And we started to do voting remote. So in order to be able to guarantee the integrity of the vote, for me it was extremely important that we all vote by roll call, which means that we can identify which member of the parliament voted which way. And that we could use as some kind of a procedural guarantee of integrity of the vote because the parliament, of course, was not ready for any kind of formal verification through cryptography that the voting integrity is guaranteed. As you can imagine, this was a bit complicated because different committees vote a bit in a different way. And there was a system that was introduced in some of the committees that was called I-Vote. And as the name maybe suggests a bit, it worked with the proprietary application from Apple and required from every member of the European Parliament voting to have an account with Apple's iCloud, which I found totally unacceptable. And I worked on replacing the solution with an internally developed solution, which now currently is the case. Voting in the committees is now based on this internally developed solution. And why I'm speaking about this is that it is based on open source. Now, where the line between the understanding of the parliament of the advantages of open source lies at this moment is that there is a clear understanding that by using open source technologies, the parliament can save a lot of resources, save a lot of money, make systems that can be reused or create systems that can be reused. But where the understanding is still not is the advantage of the open source development model. So the application, unfortunately, by itself is not open source in a way that you could look up the code in a public repository that you could file bugs, maybe that you could do code verification that you could improve the codes or fix issues that are in there. So there is still a long way to go. But from this perspective, I think that we have already gone quite some way. Now, one of the major issues that I have identified is the reluctance to use open source software is because of capacities and because of not really being able to understand which system is already out there and which could be used or reused. And for that reason, as a member of the European Parliament, I have put forward a pilot project, which is a way how I could start with the European Commission a project that is financed from the budget of the European Union. And I have put forward a project that is called now with the European Commission FOSEPs, which I always forget what it is, so I have my little cheat sheet. It's free and open source software solutions for European public services. And the goal of the project is to bring together the repositories of open source solutions for the public sphere, bring them together, create a unified interface and enable sharing of experience and create some kind of knowledge sharing platform that then could be used by public authorities so that the knowledge that we have with using open source solutions can be shared across them. The aim is not to create another platform because that obviously does not work, but it's more to synthesize the work that has some results in other catalogues of free and open source software that exists out there. Very cool. I had absolutely no idea about the proprietary voting applications taking place in the Parliament, so that's... Thank you for your service to make sure that those solutions are open source. And I'm also very excited to hear about the ongoing work to continue cataloging all of the open source resources that are available for use by public bodies because I know that there have been some excellent work done on that in the past and the idea that we could have kind of a European-wide catalog is very exciting. So thank you very much for those comments, Martel. So we will now turn to Robert for his remarks from the perspective of a practitioner of open at the city level. I took bets on how long it would take me to interrupt. Can you put a little thing up here on ponytail? Okay, but you know you're making mommy look very unprofessional right now. Can you go back to your room, Linda? You know, because my key does not make me a pony, then after that I have a big mess because I like leaving the ridges then there. Your mom is not really great at putting a ponytail in your hair when she's in the middle of a presentation, but I think you look very good now. More. Your comment was bad for us. Well, I will do a better job when I'm not in the middle of a talk, okay? You didn't put it too low down. Probably. Why don't you ask Scottie if he can help you? Hello, wonderful and patient people. Hi, I'm Pacta. Hi, Robert. As we're thinking about looking into what open means for Europe at the city level, at the municipal level, can you tell us some of the work about some of the work done by the data and analytics team for Burno and how your group serves the city's citizens? Yeah, thank you, Leslie. Our team is responsible for the management and development of Burno Urban Data Platform, data.burno.cz. By the way, for those listeners or viewers who do not speak Czech, it's also in English, so you can access it as well. The platform serves as an entry point for anyone who needs the city data for their work, projects or research. We have already published over 120 high-quality datasets ranging from the population data through transportational data to environmental data. On top of the various formats or distributions available, many of which are open standards such as GeoJSON or GeoPackage. We also generate feeds for every dataset, which allows anyone to just connect to the data and use them in any way, in any app or system they want to build. Free of charge, free of any constraints, it's just your open data. What needs to be mentioned, however, I think is the fact that we go with quality or quantity, so most of our datasets are continuously updated and have a complete metadata and detailed documentation if needed. And this platform enables our citizens and companies to have a seamless access to the city data, which saves time and money for everyone basically, including our own colleagues who do not need to send countless emails back and forth. I would like to now mention several apps or use cases that incorporated our data, and for example, architects or construction engineers use 3D model of a city or app named KAMSNIM or Wear with the Trash in English, you would say. This app navigates users to the nearest container for recyclables and the app feeds the data directly from our database through the platform. There is also one use case I would like to highlight, which is currently undergoing or currently we are working on that. We have a problem in the city of Brno that many streets are very narrow, long and one way, and when the garbage truck comes to a particular street, it clocks the whole street. So and there are like 20, 30, 45, 50 minutes traffic jams and we had a couple of solutions, but most of them were really expensive how to solve the problem. So at the end we decided that we will use the data platform to feed the position of data of trucks to the navigational systems such as VACE and similar. So anyone with a car navigation or driving navigation will be able to easily see that there is a garbage truck and they should avoid a certain street. So this will minimize or hopefully it will remove the whole problem. So I think this is a perfect illustration of how these kind of platforms can be useful. There are many other examples like that and I could continue for a while, but the main point here I think is that as our society becomes more and more digital and as more and more processes go online, the importance of platforms, platforms such as this are increasing and are becoming more of a necessity because it makes our lives easier, it makes our lives better and most importantly the lives of our citizens. And although we are only at the beginning of the road and I think its impacts are still relatively small, I think we are going to see a rapid growth of importance in the upcoming years. Thank you so much Robert. I was just so impressed when you mentioned that all of your work was documented and kept consistently updated and available with all metadata. You folks should be very proud of your data hygiene and your practices. That's amazing. I still rarely hear that. So I appreciate your remarks. Thank you. We'll now turn to Lucy to tell us more about how the different ways that open source is benefitting urine, peon cities, beyond burnout, more widely throughout the entire Czech Republic. So Lucy as we're looking at how the impact of open collaboration and co-creation and contribution across the Czech Republic, can you tell us more about the two organizations that you're leading open cities and open content? And specifically we'd like to know what collaborations across cities these groups have done and I am also, if you have time and the desire to tell us, if these groups are also collaborating with organizations outside of the Czech Republic as well. Thank you very much, Leslie. So I will briefly introduce activities of our organizations. So at open content we focus on legal issues of modern technologies and law on the Internet. And among these areas we are dealing, for example, with licensing of copyrighted works, with compatibility of software licenses, with legislation requiring public administration to digitize processes. That's also very topical right now. And also we analyze gaps that current legislation did not think about. We are trying to explain what you can, what you cannot do, what you can expect. Right now we are also dealing with a number of issues concerning legislative requirements for digitization and implementation in public administrations and cities. Open cities, they focus directly on cooperation and support for cities interested in digitization, openness and database decision-making. And also let's say use of modern technologies to simplify public administration and facilitate access, orientation and providing information for citizens. Open cities try to bring together those cities who are interested and who are active and who want to participate in joint projects. So a very important part of activities of open cities, apart from educational and consulting activities, it is definitely development and operation of open source software. So we provide open source tools that cities can operate and they can use them either on their own or they can use our help. So we have projects. One of them, the oldest one is called Cityvisor, Cityvisor in Czech. And this project arose from cooperation of cities and Ministry of Finances. And this project enables transparent and clear display of municipal finances. So the aim of this tool is to bring the budget, the budgeting closer to the citizens and show it in comprehensible form and also simplify further work with the budget and simplify it for also for the analysts and for publicists also. I would also mention another project of us and it's the open source software that helps with digitalization of the subsidy process. So the original version was created with the help of City of Prague Tree, let's say Prague Tree District. And then the open cities took over the project and modified it and developed it more. And now we are creating more and more functionalities which helps the cities. So the software allows you to process the entire subsidy process and the city can then have the entire application and all further steps of the subsidy process. For example, to support sports or culture or, I don't know, establishing green areas in the city. It's all digitized in the software. And maybe I'll mention one more project. It's our latest and it's continuous scanning of vulnerabilities. And this project, the software was created in the response to cities concerns about cyber attacks and about misuse of computing power or data or leakage of documents. And it is a supplement to penetration tests. So it's not a penetration test, but it helps with cybersecurity. Let's say it's like an antivirus program that looks for vulnerabilities in the infrastructure of municipalities. So that's our latest. And unfortunately, we have not found a similar organization which we could collaborate in other states. But we found some very, very helpful and very, very great organization which are currently helping us with some other goals of us. I have to say we are very lucky because we found partners who already have so much experience with open source and with establishing open source program offices and open source hubs. And I must definitely mention Vienna business agency, which are participating in a project with us. Also amazing guys from open forum Europe. And of course, the editors, both from Bruno and from abroad. So thank you guys for your help. Thank you for the opportunity to serve on behalf of myself and my fellow Red Hunters. Thank you very much for your remarks. Lucy, I appreciate it. So we will now move on from hearing about the wonderful work being done in the Czech Republic and also the exciting collaboration with Vienna as well. So let's look at kind of now change our lens to the idea of open source impact but at the national level and invite Claire Dillon to to offer remarks focused on her home country of Ireland and also her experience working with some other folks working at the national level. So Claire, while we're really still in the in the early days when we think about institutional of open institutionalization of open source across Europe. Ireland, though, has had some early triumphs around this with open source, particularly in the academic space. Would you please share more with us about how open is taking shape in Ireland and the innovations that are occurring as a result. Certainly. Thank you, Leslie. So I wouldn't say triumphs in that respect, but but I will say, you know, I think that when we see early wins, we absolutely need to celebrate them. And just to say that I came upon and began to learn about the open ecosystem and the potential for positive economic impact of open source software only in the last number of years. So I'm not one of, I'm not a long term open source and Fischianado, but I am a I'm all in now because I have learned in recent years about the potential positive benefits of it. And that was why I became involved in the Ospo plus plus network which is a network for open source program offices in government and universities and it's fantastic to see Lucy mentioning the fact that that is a trend that's hitting the Czech Republic as well. When I was started that work. And it became obvious to me through various conversations that Ireland was not necessarily well known for their stance on open source. In fact, people really didn't know what was necessarily happening in Ireland. So one of the things that I wanted to do from that was was actually connect together the people in Ireland who were working in the open source ecosystem. And it actually became a surprise to me but a very, very pleasant surprise to find out that one of the first open source program offices in universities in Europe was actually from Trinity College Dublin which was my alma mater. And, and, you know, that was that was a surprise I didn't know it existed until we started connecting the ecosystem in Ireland because there are a lot of people in Ireland involved in open source, but they don't know each other. And, and there isn't a kind of a national awareness of what's happening, the global trends, or these benefits that can can be gained from working in the open. So when we found out about the Ospo in Trinity we were delighted. And it's even more, I think a little bit unusual than some other Ospo's in that it actually came out of their tech transfer office their TTO, and which is actually quite unusual from a from a from an Ospo's perspective in university. But it was because they had an early recognition of the potential for startups to spin out of technology that was happening in Trinity, and but to do it in the basis of operating in the open source ecosystem or relying or somehow integrating the idea of open collaboration in their business model. And there have been some great successes from that perspective in terms of startups in Ireland that are operating in this way and it's a fantastic thing to see. And then when we think about that, I mean in the context of that, the report that you mentioned earlier, the, that came out about the potential positive economic impact of open source for the European, you know, that came out for the European Commission but for all of Europe is for everyone actually but but but specifically for Europe. And I think that there's a huge interest now to see well how can we accelerate that in terms of that indigenous innovation ecosystem in Ireland so we're seeing a lot of interest from some of the other agencies in Ireland to see well okay if this is an opportunity then how can we support people are operating in that area. And I'll also note that in recent years we had the second thing that happened more recently in Ireland was the fact that we had the our covert tracker app in Ireland and was was built and released then as open source software, primarily actually initially because they wanted to make sure that the privacy aspects and everything that they were doing was done in the open so that they would get by in from the citizens and in terms of their trusting the software. But that was the first time, certainly that I'm aware of that the health service executive had decided to do something in the open like that and it then follow on became that one of the starter projects for the Linux Foundation public health initiative. And what's amazing to me about that is that it started to dawn on people that again, I think like Marcel mentioned that open source isn't necessarily just about the idea of reducing cost or, you know, getting reuse, but that there is this ability for people to collaborate in order to gain trust of citizens to have transparency and for it to be better, better and more easily adopted, but also to facilitate these kind of cross border scenarios. So from our perspective, the same code was used in Northern Ireland as in the Republic of Ireland, which really helped when it came to navigating the restrictions around covert on the island of Ireland, for example, and that sense has been gone on to be used in other scenarios as well. So, for me, it was one of the first times that you saw people recognizing these additional benefits other than cost and reuse and these practical elements, but how open source and open collaboration is almost necessary for us to be able to tackle some of the challenges that are coming at us so fast. So, I, you know, personally speaking, I think it's amazing when we start to see these trends in Europe, and what the opportunities are, and more recently still in open Ireland Network, we had some government representatives come on and say that they were very keen to work with organizations like, for example, the UN Digital Impact Alliance around things like GovStack and to try and look at how, instead of everyone building everything for themselves, how can we collaborate across borders to actually be more efficient, but also to make things work across borders. So, I'm delighted to hear and learn about, you know, the stuff that is happening in the Czech Republic, and I would love to follow up with Lucy afterwards around the Open Cities Initiative, because for me, this is, it's the, it's the, these kinds of connections and collaborations, and that I think can can really help demonstrate the additional value that open source and open collaboration can bring. And because I do think that that narrative for people outside this ecosystem needs to change so they're not thinking about it just as sure I can get something for free, but it's more to say, how else would you tackle these global problems, the only way to do it is through collaborating and working together. Thank you so much for those wonderful remarks, Claire, and I know that in some of our past discussions we've really talked about this process of institutionalizing open source is really all about bringing together the people who are already engaged in the process of that as a discipline and helping them to find the folks who will collaborate with them within their own, you know, department or their own team and then all the way out to the entire global folks who want to volunteer to spend their time together, getting the right things done for all of civil society. So thank you so much for that. So, folks, I wanted to just do a quick check in with our audience we have had so much wonderful stuff to share today that we haven't even gotten to our second round of questions, and we're supposed to conclude our panel in seven minutes so I'm just going to do a really quick check in with my panelists. Would you find folks like us to draw our attention out of the chat and ask for audience questions. Oh, because I'm happy to do that since we have a little bit less time okay cool I'm saying some thumbs up. And then if we don't have any questions from our fine audience members. Marcel I'm going to ask you what was going to be our concluding capstone question, and then we're all going to enjoy the rest of dev conf together if that's okay. It adds in delight so that's wonderful alright fine folks who are watching the live stream I look to the chat function in our event platform hop in now if you have any questions you want to ask her feedback you want to give the participants I'm going to quickly scroll up. I see a lot of clapping. That makes me feel good about that. Please that we are all having a good session here together. And a people need coffee, I agree with this as a stance at all times I have to say. Let's see. I agree master rec University rules and I still think I didn't learn to pronounce it correctly but I have been practicing and probably not well enough. We had a comment from Lubos but Marcel has responded to this. Oh there's a Q&A tab. Thank you, Pavel. You are a wonderful human being. Okay, but we do not have any questions from today. So that is okey dokey pokey. Alright. Claire has asked I would love to or is stated that she would love to add that if folks are interested in learning more about the Ospo plus plus network please feel to reach out or to visit Ospo plus plus calm. This is a group of the best way to put it in Claire should absolutely correct me if I'm wrong is this is a loosely affiliated of people who are well acquainted and deeply committed to the idea of creating open source program offices for government or for academic institutions and when we say government this could be, you know, European Parliament this is things like the European Commission this is at the city level this is at the national level. And the idea there being not only that open source program offices are good because they help with open source and doing more open source related activities but really it's about that the ability for people to connect with one another, because if you know that some place has an open source program office, you are likely to know exactly where to go to find the people that you need to collaborate with right, otherwise, you know, if you're talking about, you know, government style open source things it could be that, you know, in Germany you're talking to the Ministry of the Interior, excuse me that's Germany, in Germany you're talking to the Ministry of the Interior in France you're talking to the digital directorate so how do you even find the people you're supposed to be able to connect with so Ospo plus plus is here as a group to establish connective tissue between folks who are engaged in this sort of work and I hang out on their calls I always learn something new so I absolutely invite folks to come along. All right, since we have not gotten any any further audience questions I'm going to turn the stage back to Marcel and ask our final question. So Marcel gathering together all of our themes for today. So I'd like to ask you to examine a common thread among them right so now we're about to enter into the Czech presidency of the European Union later this year. So can you give us your thoughts on what the Czech presidential agenda should look like when it comes to open source and open innovation please. All right. Yeah, that's a good question. So first we need to realize what actually the presidency in the Council of the European Union is and in short, that is an opportunity to set the direction for the whole Union for the six months of the Czech Republic will have this opportunity. So and one of the key tasks for the presidency is to finish the negotiations on the open legislation so unless the French presidency that you know is currently the French now currently have the presidency. Unless they finish the legislation on the negotiation on the legislation on the Digital Markets Act, then this is what the Czech presidency should take as an utmost priority. That is a legislation that will help to tame the big tech giants that currently basically concentrate a lot of market share on some specific digital markets like social networks or chat platforms, search engines, etc. And why I speak about that in connection with open source is that what I was able to push through in the negotiations in the European Parliament is a principle of interoperability. So these tech giants like Google, Facebook, Apple, they would be required to open their services like social networks and chat platforms for interoperability. So that competitors, including of course, open source services like for instance, mastodon for for a social network, they could interconnect and interoperate with them. And that this would solve one of the major issues for for them when it comes to getting actually some users because nobody wants to be on a network where there are no users. Of course, it would be really handy in that sense, if I may have a little ask to, you know, go through your respective governments and tell them about this, how this how this is important. And that we should in the Council of the European Union push for this principle of interoperability. Also, there is a plan for a proposal for an EU governments interoperability strategy that is foreseen in the second quarter of this year. And we would like to see the presidency committing to advance the discussions on this file. And last, but not least that I will mention is that the Czech presidency will have on the table to finish, or at least advance negotiations on the regulation of artificial intelligence, the artificial intelligence act. And over there, there is, of course, a huge potential to to shape the legislation in a way that, you know, transparency is one of the most core principles how to make the use of artificial intelligence fair and not discriminating. And of course, all of us know that open source software is the best positioned to, you know, take leverage of this requirement that is really important for the future. So that would be my three examples. Thank you so much for those remarks, Marcel. I want to thank everyone who attended our panel discussions today, our keynote and also thank you very much to anyone who may be viewing this video later on. I also want to once again thank my esteemed panelists for joining us today and sharing their time and their wisdom with us on Saturday, because, you know, thank you. We're able to share your perspectives and spend some of your day with us here today. Once again, thank you to all of the folks who are organizing deaf comp once again this year we look forward to thanking you. We hope in person next year. And finally, I would like to just note to members of the audience who may be interested in these sorts of topics. The open forum Europe group from Brussels their public policy think tank in Brussels will be hosting an event on European Union public policy next week. It is completely free of charge to attend sessions are also offered after the fact on video. So if you would like to continue your learnings in this area or have an opportunity to talk to other speakers who are touching on these same things, please do consider attending the open forum Europe public policy event next week. I thank you all for coming and I look forward to seeing you in a future deaf con session. Thank you. Cheers folks. Thank you very much as well. Cheers. Thank you. Bye bye. Have a great day. Great conference. Thank you Leslie. Thank you for having me. Bye bye. Thank you all. Cheers. Bye bye.