 We have faced a dilemma that at the moment we are meeting a new energy demand chiefly by turning to fossil fuels and we know that even if we were to continue on that trajectory we would need to invest very heavily in energy infrastructure broadly and by the calculations we've done that amounts to for around in the region of 45 trillion dollars over the next 15 years incredible amounts but this also creates an opportunity of course because we will have to invest heavily and this then also creates a winnable opportunity to steer those investments towards other new resources that also then have other advantages including reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The past growth in coal is not necessarily one that we think is going to serve the world well countries well in the decades to come. It's time for re-evaluation and the way we'd like to put it is that it used to be a presumption that coal was the default model and we need to turn that around actually the burden of proof now given the damage that coal does the burden of proof really needs to be on the new coal projects to show that this is the best or the only way to meet the energy need and otherwise to turn to alternatives that are increasingly available. Renewable energy is already getting to the point where if you take into account the impacts on air pollution and energy security and diversification and other objectives that already are there it can become a major contributor to meeting future energy needs and this is really quite unexpected. I don't think that many would have thought that we were there 10 years ago who has now even fairly conservative projections see them as contributing up to half of the new electricity in the world over the next 15 years and what we what we find looking at the evidence that now is available is that it could be even more a lot of adaptation will be needed the way we run electricity systems the way we finance energy and we are in the report we describe various aspects of this but it's it's also something that different countries will have to approach differently fast-growing countries will face a different situation from ones have slow growth such as such as Europe and of course in many developing countries there's a big question whether renewable energy can contribute also to energy access in a new way indications are that it can but we are still working out the models for doing that.