 Inflammation of central nervous system, CNS, is usually associated with trauma and infection. Neuro inflammation occurs in close relation to trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-level neuro inflammation is considered to have beneficial effects whereas chronic neuro inflammation can be harmful. In an Indian system consisting of pattern recognition receptors, macrophages, and complement system plays a key role in CNS homeostasis following injury and infection. Here, we discuss how innate immune components can also contribute to neuro inflammation and neuro degeneration. This article was authored by Apishak Shostri, Domenico Marco Bonafati, and Uday Kishore.