 Hello, today we are going to start the course on Nutrition, Therapeutic and Health. So, for that we have to know what is the relationship between nutrition, health and food. So, let us start with the first class on relationship between food, health and nutrition. So, food has been the basic part of our existence. So, by knowing the food composition, the nutritional composition of food also is very clear and intake of food ensures proper growth in children and youth and for the maintenance of health in old group and maintenance of good health throughout life of an individual. And it also helps in meeting the special needs during pregnancy, lactation and also for the recovery from ill health. A large part of our food heritage is scientifically beneficial and the needs are to be retained and some aspects of the food may be modified in order to view the changes in the life of an individual. So, most of the articles today we see newspapers are given on different aspects of food, some of them may be correct and but most of them may not be correct. Therefore, this course will help us to have a proper information on food and the knowledge that is gained to be spread to people around and so that the false ideas regarding food which interfere with the food selection are to be erased and people have a very good idea about the selection of food and maintain health. So, let us see some of the definitions that go into the food nutrition and health. Let us know what is food? It is the one which nourishes our body, we are what we eat. So, it can also be defined as any substance that is eaten or drunk and which meets the people's need for energy, body building and protection of the body. Food is the material from which our bodies are made. So, eating the right kind of food in right amount ensures good nutrition and health. Now, nutrition after we know what is food we should know what is nutrition. So, nutrition is the food at work in the body. So, it includes everything that happens from eating food to its usage in various functions of the body. Now, nutrients are the components that are needed for the body in adequate amounts which are required for proper growth, reproduction and also leading normal life. Now, the science of nutrition deals with the various nutrients that are present in the food, the amounts we need in the proportion and how these nutrients are got into the body and how the body utilizes them. Now, adequate optimum and good nutrition are the indications of right amount and proportion of nutrients for proper utilization of these nutrients to achieve highest quality of health both physically and mentally. Now, nutritional status, so this depends upon what food we eat and what nutrients are utilized in the body. So, this nutritional status is the state of body as a result of the foods that are consumed and their utilization in the body for proper health. So, this nutritional status can be good, fair or poor depending upon what we eat. Now, what is good nutritional status? So, it is characterized by an alert, good natured personality, a well developed body with normal weight for height and well developed and firm muscles, healthy skin. Then reddish pink colored eyelids, membranes of the mouth, the mucous membrane of the mouth also should be pink in color and a good layer of subcutaneous fat, subcutaneous fat is the fat which lies just under the skin. Clear eyes, then smooth and glossy hair, good appetite, the person should be able to eat. Then excellent general health which is recognized by stamina to work, regular meal time, sound sleep, normal elimination and greatly the resistance to disease. Now, WHO has defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of an individual. All of us think health is only being free from illness, it is not so. A person should be healthy both in terms of physical, mental and social well-being and not a mere absence of any disease. So, that is a good nutritional status. Now, malnutrition is an undesirable kind of nutrition leading to health. It results from lack or excess or imbalance of nutrients in the diet and so it can include both under nutrition or over nutrition, both are called as malnutrition. So, under nutrition is a state of insufficient supply of essential nutrients. Malnutrition can be primarily due to insufficient supply of one or more essential nutrients or it can be a secondary one, which means it results from an error in metabolism or interaction between nutrients to nutrients or nutrients and drugs that are used for treatment. So, it can be an insufficient of essential nutrients or which is called as a primary malnutrition and if it is a secondary malnutrition it is or the symptoms occur because of errors in metabolism or the interaction between nutrient and nutrient and also interaction between nutrient and drugs which cause malnutrition. On the other hand, over nutrition refers to an excessive intake of one or more nutrient and this causes stress on the bodily functions. So, both are not healthy. So, for all these conditions we require a proper diet. Now, what is a proper diet? It refers to whatever is eaten or drunk each day includes normal diet that is consumed by an individual or a group. So, these always the normal diet can be modified into a diet which is suitable for an individual of different age groups, of different health status or physiological status. So, when we modify the normal diet for illness state it is called as a therapeutic diet. Mental care is using the knowledge of nutrition for meal planning and preparation to make an attractive and acceptable meal for the whole family. So, in this the existing meals can be modified to improve in terms of nutrition and acceptability. It is not that if you make a nutritious meal and the whole family does not consume then we cannot say it is nutritional care. So, the whole family should consume therefore, it should be nutritious at the same time acceptable. And diet can be planned for individuals or group to suit their requirements of health status, nutritional status. It is also the place of living because if you give some odd diet to an individual he will not consume. So, the local diet which is followed should be given and at the same time it should also be suitable for the climate. So, such thing is called as a nutritional care. So, after knowing all the definitions with regard to food, nutrition and health let us know what are the functions of food. Foods also have certain functions in the body to carry out. So, we have main three functions one is physiological function, social function and psychological functions. People agree with me that food has these three functions, physiologically means it should give us energy, it should give us stuff to body building and also protect us from different illness. Whereas social functions when we get together, we have food when we love somebody we give food and physiological and psychological functions also. If you go to a new place and consume some new food you do not like it, is not it? But repeatedly when you consume the same food then you are satisfied with the food that is psychological. So, let us see what is the physiological function of food. First function main function of food is to provide energy to the body. So, body needs energy to work to sustain all the involuntary processes without knowing our body carries out so many functions like the heart keeps on beating, we keep on respiring without our knowledge, our brain functions, our liver functions so much of metabolism goes on. So, for all these energy is required which is through the food. And it is also required for various activities either it is it can be professional household recreational activities or even convert foods into nutrients in the body which is metabolism also requires the various nutrients. So, these are the physiological functions. The other function is body building. So, when we see an infant you see how small it is, if you observe the weight of the infant it is only 2.5 to 3 kg when it is born. But when it grows to an adult the weight increases to 50 to 60 kgs, imagine the amount of growth that is taking place. So, this function is carried out by the protein that is present in the food which carries on the body building function. So, it keeps on building up the tissues to increase the weight of the body. So, all this is possible only if right food in right amount is taken from birth to any stage in the life. Now, food eaten helps to maintain the structure of the body. This structure is given by the food that is present and the nutrient that is present required for body building. And when we grow to an adulthood we need not grow in our height or weight in extra amount. But in such conditions the food is required for repairing the worn out tissues. Then food regulates the activities in the body including the heartbeat, maintaining the body temperature, muscle contractions, your balance of the body, blood clotting and removal of the waste from the body. All these are very important. Now, food also helps in improving the immune system. This immune system helps in providing a lot of resistance to our body therefore protects our body from illness. Now, the social function of food is food has always been a central part of focus in our existence. Any cultural or religious life food is the central part. Now, special foods are distributed whenever you are happy you try to distribute foods like in religious functions, in home, temple, any church etcetera you the happiness you try to express is through distributing food. Then fees are given at different stage when the child is born there is a marriage, when you seek a job or when you get a job, then birthdays etcetera where specific segments of people are given and you try to cater to the food needs of all the segments of people. Then certain menus are associated with specific foods in the region like we have the Mediterranean food, then you have the Punjabi food, you have the North Indian, South Indian, so on you have certain menus are associated with certain regions of the certain regions. Then food has been used as an expression of love, friendship and social acceptance. Whenever you have a friend whom you love too much you try to remember what the friend likes and prepare that same menu so that the friend is so happy to eat it. Then food is also used to express happiness like in success, in exams, job marriages, birth of a baby etcetera. Now, food for to get together meetings functions should be always planned in a proper manner to bring people together, you cannot provide food that you like in a social gathering. We always think of the others and plan food so that everybody will enjoy the food that is the social function of food. Now, third important function is the psychological function of food. So, in addition to the physical and social needs you must satisfy certain emotional needs. So, this when you have go to certain place and eat certain foods if you have a sense of security you get food suppose you are a South Indian and come to North India get idly or those are you feel so secured about it or if you know North Indian comes and has some food of their region then they feel satisfied. So, it gives a sense of security, love and attention. Now, familiar foods whenever we have some familiar foods we feel secure and sharing of food is a token of friendship and acceptance. So, whenever we meet people the food becomes the main part of our gathering. Then in a friendly gathering we try unfamiliar foods and we go out in a group we try to find out some unfamiliar foods and try to eat it and improve our I mean increase our food experience the taste to the food. So, anticipating needs and fulfilling the expressions of love and attention is through food. Now, these sentiments are on the basis of normal attachment to the mother's cooking. So, when you eat somewhere and something is very tasty you always remember your mother's cooking that is the attachment you have to food. You do not like food that is cooked by anybody and everybody. So, mother's food is always the best. That type of attachment you should get through food. So, this is the first part of our class where we have seen the definition of different terms like food, nutrition, health, nutritional care, nutritional status, malnutrition where you have seen what is over nutrition, what is under nutrition then what are the various functions of foods which are the physiological function, the social function and the psychological function. Thank you. Let us meet in the next class. Goodbye.