 This study identified 36 proteins associated with increased risk of developing lung cancer. These proteins included growth factors such as HGF, IGFBP1, IGFP2, tumor necrosis factor receptors such as TNFRSF6B and TNFRSF13B, and chemikines and cytokines including CXL17, GDF15, and SCF. The study also found that activation of invasion and metastasis, proliferative signalling, tumor promoting inflammation, and angiogenesis were most frequently implicated by these proteins. This research suggests that these proteins could be used as potential biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer. This article was authored by the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium, LC3.