 Hello, I'm Frank Yopso. Today at Crawford School, we're joined by Professor Zhang Kejun, one of China's leading researchers on climate change energy policy and the modelling of emissions scenarios. Zhang, welcome. Can you tell us about China's energy and emissions trajectories? We've seen the data years and years of very, very fast economic growth, fast growth of energy use and emissions. Can China turn the trajectory around? Yes, it's already surprised to see what happened in China for the last several decades. Energy use keeps increasing with amazing speed. So now the question comes to us. One, we can pick our CO2 or even some people talk about one, we can pick our energy use. So based on our study, originally we said China can pick CO2 emissions before 2030. But now actually we want to say, China, if we do a good job, we can anyway pick our CO2 emissions before 2025. This is also now our main story to push for that. What is required for emissions to stop growing and then to decline in China within the next 10 or 12 years? Yes, there are several key factors. The first one is we have to think about what's the future economy in China. I think the major driving force for last two decades for energy to increase is the increase of energy intensity in China. But if you look at China nowadays, we have a lot of new buildings, railway, road, everything is almost go to the peak for new contract building for the total space of railway and road. We cannot go much more than that. So that means the peak year for energy intensive industries coming very soon. And the energy intensive industry actually consumed nearly 70% of a new increase of energy during the last 10 years. So if this sector or those sectors stop to increase, what happens for energy? So the first factor is to control the increase of energy intensive sectors. We need some good policy. The second point is the renewable energy. If you look at what's happening in China, it's also amazing. Not only amazing for other countries, people from other countries, but even for ourselves. For example, in January, the new 12 to 5 year plan for energy development came through and its plan by 2015, the total install capacity for solar PV will be something like 20 gigawatt. But by the end of February, it seems the plan is going to 35 gigawatt by 2015. So if you look at the data for wind and also for hydro, it's going very well in the near future. We can do a very good job for this. This can contribute a lot to stop the increase of CO2 emission in the future. The number three, the key factor is, of course, we continue to do only efficiency. It's already happened a lot for only efficiency. So we will do this. The last one, maybe we'll think about some new technology such as CISES. Now you lead this research at the Energy Research Institute in Beijing and you will be telling us in a lecture tonight more about the detail of the trajectories that your institute has developed. But can you tell us something about the policy instruments that are being deployed in China and the ones that may be used in the future? Yes. If we come back to the issue of energy and CO2 emission, we strongly push a lot of new policies to come out. For example, whether China can take some cap on energy. The good news is that the new first five-year plan energy actually set the cap for 2015 to be 4 billion 10 co-equivalent for the total energy used by that time. So I think this policy can continue to go to 2020. That means for a 13-5-year plan and also for CO2 emission. It can also go to the cap, the policy like that, together with the new energy policy, whether we want to change our economic structure. I think if everything is good, I have very strong confidence that China can peak CO2 emission before 2025. Do you have confidence that China may be able to lead the world or at least lead the developing and industrializing part of the world in low-carbon strategies? I hope China can lead the world. Together with colleagues, for example, we can work together with Australia, with the EU, with Japan, United States. So a leading country, we can work together to make a low-carbon happen, not only in these several countries but also in other world, like other different countries. They can share information, they can share technology. We can make our own effort. There's also this topic we are talking about that is whether we can make a smaller group to make the climate change mitigation to 2 degrees happen. It's really in our hand to make that. Thank you very much for sharing your insights here at Coffield School. You're welcome.