 during the today's lecture, I will be briefing you the importance of ethical theories and why it was mandatory that we should talk about ethical theories' inaugural, its formation, its basic foundation, because it is not very simple thing, it is not so easy that we will use an ethical theory in this particular situation and we will not use that ethical principle in this particular situation. Basically, ethical principles are the formal statements about what we ought to do. Take, if we have more theories that we will read in detail, then in which situation, in which theoretical perspective, we have to make our own decision. So, the very principle of ethical theories is based on the human decision. The researcher's decision will directly relate which principle is following the ethical theory. And if it is not following, then what kind of ethical dilemma is coming into existence. Ethical theories also attempt to provide a clear, unified account of what our ethical obligations are. So, while looking into the details in upcoming lecture, you will have a better understanding of the ethical root of decision making formulation. Because these theory represents the viewpoint from different angles from which individual seek guidance. So, consequently, their decisions change in the light of those ethical principles. Now, this is very crucial to understand that all of these theoretical foundations are correct. If we are going to opt for one and we are going to opt for another one, in both the situations, ethical guidelines will meet, but the decisions we are making will be different for our research participants. So, in which situation, we have to follow the ethical theory based on the researcher's competency that he should know about the foundation of all ethical researches and he can opt for the best theory according to his situation. Each theory emphasizes different point of view, as I said, different decision making styles or decision rules such as predicting the outcome. So, following one's duty is to that, in that situation, the particular research that he is conducting, the best possible ethical theories that he should follow, he should only opt for them. And until he has a competency or knowledge about all of them, he cannot make a better choice and he cannot reach the correct decision. For individuals, the ethical theory they apply for decision making guidance, emphasize aspects of ethical dilemma, important to them and it leads them to the most ethically correct resolution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself. Now, when I am going to give you the briefing about all four kinds of sub-theories and details, so you will be better understanding my point of view that how ethical theories impact our decision making. So, now formally looking the forms of ethical theories, which I will brief you today, that four broad categories of ethical theories, they are denotology, they are the utilitarianism, they are the whites and they are the witches. These four are different from each other and they all have their own background, a foundation, an understanding. And the route which will be followed, according to it, the decision making style of your researcher will also be different. So, to understand these in detail in elaboration, we will be going to look into detail in the next lecture.