 introduce myself. I'm Bhargala Robin from World Resources Institute pretty much doing all the low-carbon development and hence doing all the inclusion of the blue carbon and progress to the whole modeling system and I'll be helped today by Ines Ayostina from Conservation National. She's doing blue carbon analysis as well. So looking at the time I think we might go on to the first presentation. We have Bhukharuni Krishnawati going to present about incorporating mangrove into national carbon accounting and climate change mitigation actions. I think this is really interesting since last week we have blue carbon mitigation action is including the Rangayarka and how to see this from a government point of view and how to see this as a whole platform of information of blue carbon. So I would invite Bhukharuni to the stage. Please give her a applause for Bhukharuni. Thank you. Thank you Mr. Chairman. Good morning everyone. As introduced by Mr. Chairman, I'm Haruni Krishnawati. I'm the researcher from the Forest Research and Development Center under the Research Development and Innovation Agency, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Today I would like to share about incorporating mangroves into national carbon accounting and climate change mitigation actions. Next please. First maybe I would like to provide a brief overview on the facts of mangroves. As we all know that mangroves exist in 118 countries and 70 percent of them found in just 15 countries based on the record published in the year 2010. Indonesia is the world's largest mangrove with total area of 3.49 million hectares or represent 23 percent of the total world total mangrove area. And mangroves account for 1 percent of the world's tropical forest according to the records by UNEP and about 43 species of tropical mangroves found in Indonesia. This is based on the record published in 2006 or represent 80 percent of tropical mangroves in the world. Mangrove Indonesia itself has been reported to lose about 52,000 hectares each year or a quick balance about three football fields each week. This is based on the study by about 2017 and report by the Ministry in 2018. Next please. And why I think everyone knows why mangroves are important. This is mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services but this is also among the most vulnerable ecosystem. As we know, as you can see on the left side, this is kind of ecosystem services that can be provided by mangrove ecosystem like protecting shorelights from storm, erosion, tsunami, sea level rise and also nursery for fish and other animals. Mangrove also maintains the water quality, support livelihood of the communities. The landscape of mangroves can be also provide the ecotourism. But on the side, mangroves also have exceptionally high carbon stock. As we can see from the small figure here, the carbon stock store in mangroves is about four times compared with other terrestrial forests. And this ecosystem is actually subject to land use change or conversion to other land use and deforestation. And conversion of mangrove ecosystem to other land use could result in the decrease of carbon stock and the loss of biodiversity. And this is why this type of ecosystem is very potential for climate change mitigations. Next please. And how mangroves actually can be incorporated into national carbon accountings. I think everyone knows that mangroves has been put or has been part of the land-based greenhouse gas inventory. And this is the international guidelines IPCC 2013 supplement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines with less supplement. And mangroves is part of the chapter four coastal wetlands in which these guidelines guide how the countries would like to monitor, measure, monitor and report the carbon stock and then emission and removals. The guidance talking about how we estimate the biomass, dead organisers, soil carbons. They also guidance in terms of the choice of methods, the job emission and removal factors, choice activity data and uncertainty assessment. Next, this is two choice of methods under IPCC guidelines in terms of estimating carbon stock. The first one is about the stock difference methods. And we can see on the right, on the left side from you is actually the carbon stock changes are estimated by measuring the carbon stock before and after land use conversion. And the second method is about gain loss methods, which is the stock change methods that are estimated by adding gains and loss. This is two methods that can be choose by the countries how they can measure, monitor and report the greenhouse gas emissions, including mangroves as part of the land use sector. Next, please. And this is how Indonesia, I mean official documents has report or incorporate mangrove as part of the national document, especially in the two submitted documents to UNFWC. The first one is about the AFRAL, Forest Reference Emission Act. And the second one is about national NDC, National Determinance Contribution, which is based on the result from AFRAL calculation as well. The AFRAL documents submit about the result of the past activities, consists of deforestation and deforestation. And carbon pool is only focused on above-ground biomass. And the data source that has been used to generate the emission factor is mostly or mainly coming from national forest inventory plots, data, but for mangroves, because there is no permanent plots or no plots currently exist in the national forest inventory network, so we use the research data to fill the gaps. And in the documents, mangrove has been seen as one of the forest types, as part of the land-based greenhouse gas emission reduction activities. And in terms of deforestation and forest degradation activities, the deforestation is a conversion of natural forest put from primary and secondary forest into land other land use categories. And the forest decrypt is just simply the change of primary forest into secondary forest classes. And how we generate emission factor for deforestation? For deforestation, actually, post-deforestation stocks for biomass pool was assumed to be zero. This is the assumption that we use in the preparation of the reporting for national documents. And the emission factor for forest degradation is estimated simply from the change of primary forest to secondary forest. So this is the current existing calculations that has been put in the national document reported to UNN for triple C. And basically we use the stock difference methods instead of the can-loss method. But next, please, as we know, that we just report about one pool of carbon, which is only above ground by mass. But now, I think this is a study that has been published two or three years ago. I'm one of the co-authors. This is led by Pak Daniels. We have about more than 30 sites, I think, around the countries in Indonesia. And as we can see from this study that almost 80 percent of the carbon in mangrove ecosystem actually store in soil pools, which is quite a substantial component of the carbon ecosystem. And we can see that every didn't include one of these components. Then we may understand the carbon storage that has been stored in mangrove ecosystem. And based on this study, we can see that Indonesian mangrove provide high carbon stock. And this could meet the emission reduction, about the quarter of 26 percent of emission reduction target by 2030, if we conserve remaining mangroves from deforestation. Next, please. Yeah. I think this is how, based on the previous study that we presented in the earlier slide, how we actually quantify mangrove carbon stock on the fields. I think some of you may already know, for the researcher that actually have experience. And the field said this is the sampling design of field inventory, how we collect the data for getting the information on the carbon storage for mangrove ecosystem for five carbon pools. And of course, field inventory need to be supported by the availability of all the metric equation to estimate the three volumes in carbon stock. Next. Okay. Getting the data from field inventory, maybe we can get the information on how much carbon actually stored in mangrove ecosystem. But not just getting the information on how much carbon stored in the ecosystem, but more than, more important as well as monitoring changes in mangrove carbon stock. For example, if you can see from this figure here, we have the carbon stock. This is the, up there is pre-disturbant carbon stock, which is quite high. And then there is several disturbance events, could be logging, could be fire, could be shrimp on and, and et cetera. There's also some baby recruits from mangrove plantings. How much carbon loss actually coming from mangroves due to land using, due to deforestation, forest regression or other disturbance events. And how much carbon actually accumulated in the ecosystem due to forest growth regeneration and reversing. And this is need to have like kind of monitoring the changes of carbon stock. So not just getting the information on measuring carbon stock, but also monitoring the changes. This is much important. This is the area for improvement. Next, please. One minute. Thank you. Yeah. We need to access the initial carbon stock for all selected pools in mangrove and forest disturbance events. And as we know from this figure, the changes of the pools at times is also different. And I think the change is also different. Next, please. I will be doing quickly. Sorry. Next, please. Yes. Yeah. This is just, just too quickly. This is just a sample of plot modeling for mangroves for land clearing. It's different initial value of the carbon stock and the manic truth and the, the transfer of carbon from one pool to two pool will be ferry from before disturbance event and the following disturbance event. Next, please. This is another example for forest regression, illegal foresting. The plot is also different. Next, please. Yeah. This is just the example. So just quickly. Sorry. This is, this is a request from Mr. Chairman. Okay. Now come up to how mangroves the role of mangrove for climate change mitigation. I think some of you may already know that just begs to a little bit for the profile strike. Yeah. Indonesian mangroves store about one third of global carbon stock. And for every one hectare mangrove forest, it can store four times more carbon than terrestrial forest and can absurd 20 times carbon dioxide emission from terrestrial forest. And this is based on the, on the study reported by Harada that planting mangroves within city of 3,003 per hectare and with 2,000, sorry, 200 meter widths can produce tsunamis by 50 to 60 percent. And tsunami speed for these, this is just a, this slide is just to show that the mangroves actually can have many climate change conditions by squashing and storing significant amounts of carbon. Next, this makes streaming mangroves into climate change mitigation action. First, increasing mangrove, protection and mangrove concentration area. And then rehabilitation and restoration of degraded mangroves. And then including mangrove protection and conservation by avoiding emission into the NDC for emission reduction. And also incentive payment for environmental services for mangrove conservation through red plus mechanism or payment environmental service mechanism, et cetera. Promoting sustainable mangrove management will be one of the options as well and including as I presented earlier including all significant carbon, including soil, international carbon and monitoring system. Next, this is one of the recent publication about the mangrove conservation for climate change mitigation in Indonesia. The summary is what is important of mangrove conservation and storing and squashing carbon. And by increasing mangrove conservation area that keep mangroves forest from their concentration of other languages as part of the greater potential for climate mitigation. Next, this is just a slide how the our ministry have the target in terms of the rehabilitation of degraded mangroves. And this is one of the options for promoting sustainable mangrove management, including communities for involvement and empowerment for mangrove management. Sustainable management means that including not just mangrove inside the design for this area, but also outside. And yeah, come up to the concluding remarks. As you know that mangrove is an essential ecosystem that highly potential for climate change mitigation. And to be part of the national land-based greenhouse gas emissions reduction activity, information of carbon stock and its dynamic is necessary. And including carbon pools, including soils and monitoring changes in mangrove carbon stock should be considered as part of the future improvement in national carbon accounting and reporting for GHG inventory. And for climate change mitigation action, conservation of carbon risk mangrove should be seen as a high priority component of strategy for climate to mitigate climate change. And preventing further mangrove loss from deforestation and forest degradation through the policy intents and incentives that promote mangrove conservation and promoting sustainable mangrove ecosystem management should be taken into actions. I think that's all that I can share. Next. Yeah, I think the last slide is just, thank you, hopefully. Yeah. Please round of applause for Buaroni. This is part of the activity that we planned mangroves in Muara Kemambukasi a few months ago. Thank you. Thank you. So very quick of presentation because it's very tough. So allow me to structure the session full on the presentation sections and then follow up by a question and answer because I know that the time is getting quite critical. So Buaroni, if you're pleased, we're going to keep the question. Please jot down your question if you have any and we're going to keep it up until the end. And it's going to be an optional whether you want to go lunch early since there's a sunny floor. It's an optional you want to see this whole interesting dynamics of mangrove and climate change. So without further ado, I invite you to the stage, Nisa Akila, the second speaker is going to talk about carbon storage, both of ground carbon, below ground, temporal analysis on planting, total carbon content and furthermore. If you could keep it eight to ten minutes, that would be great. Thank you. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Well, it's really a big honor for me to be given opportunity to speak in this forum. Well, this is, actually this is a big opportunity for me. And right now, I'm Nisa Akila from, I'm an alumni of Universitas Gajahmada. And currently I'm working in mapping consultant, technologist Indonesia in Yogyakarta. And this research done by me and my supervisor, Eko Hariano, Dr. Eko Hariano, but unfortunately he cannot come to this forum. We are from Environmental Geography Department in Yogyakarta. So this introduction of this research, as we know, that the chance of some amount of certain cases, as we know, as greenhouse cases in the atmosphere leads to global warming phenomenon. Well, global warming is not an issue, but it's the phenomenon that we have been facing these recent years. And what we have, we have a thing that can tackle global warming. It's a forest. Forest has a ecological role as carbon absorbent and also carbon sink. And mangrove is a kind of forest type that can sink carbon as much as four until 112 gigaton carbon per year. And carbon trade scheme developed to nurture the sustainability of carbon sources. As we know, the mangrove, forest land conversion and the deforestation has degraded the rule of the forest. So there are carbon trade scheme that integrating with blue carbon financing to develop, it's developed to nurture the sustainability of carbon sources. And from that point, as the carbon sources, we found that pasar bangi mangrove forest has already developed and similar to primary mangrove forest. It's one of mangrove forest in central Java that has already developed. So we want to know how much carbon storage in this mangrove forest. Okay, the next slide. And the answer of this research one is to measure the carbon storage in the mangrove forest from the surface, roots, and also from the mud substrate in each year of planting. Okay, a tree has a carbon source. It's from the roots, it's from the branch, it's from the above ground, it's from the below ground, and also from the soil. So in this mangrove forest, we want to know how much the carbon storage from the surface roots and mud substrate. And the second, we want to indicate the total carbon NCO2 or carbon dioxide content in each year of planting. And the last is we want to know the economic value of carbon from pasar bangi mangrove forest. Next slide. And the methods we used in this research, first, the methods of collecting data. At first, we observed from Google Earth imagery, and then we had observation, of course, and we interviewed the mangrove community there. And from that, we know the planting year definition of the white area determination. So in this research, we divide the mangrove forest into four planting years because the different planting years has different carbon stock. And then we're collecting samples by making measuring plot as white as 100 meters square, along the near shore and the near flatland. So we take samples from the near land and from the near shore. The data we get, there are four main data. The first is vegetation density and composition. We identify each mangrove species in each plot. And the second, we get the data above ground and below ground mass. We get it from by using non-destructive sampling. It means we don't harvest the tree, but we only measure the debiha of the tree's measurement. It's the diameter of the tree's. And then we get much substrate carbon. We take distributed sampling and disturb sampling collection. And then for the economic value of carbon, we use the price from ecosystem marketplace. So actually, this is one of the implementation to measure the carbon stock from what Ibaruni explained before. And next, and this is, sorry, for the map is still in Bahasa. Well, this is the sample point, the sample map. We take the sample from each plot that we cover in this picture. So this is the plot that we take. It's near the shore. Near the shore is in the below point, and the green one is the near land. Next. And this is the method of processing data. After we collect the data, we process the data. The first vegetation density and composition, we use formula by SWAT, I share in this slide. And the second above ground and below ground biomass. We used equation, allometric equation by Komiyama et al. It's developed from 2005. This equation is applied to calculate the biomass as follow above ground biomass and below ground biomass. And the formula is using, is just approach from the wood density. The wood density is the wood density for each mangrove species because between one mangrove species and between one and another has different wood density. And then we flip, and then we also use the diameter brace at high. After that, for much substrate carbon, we used for dystopic sampling, dystopic sampling is the mud that we only take it in the surface of the mud. And it's tested in laboratory by using walkie and black methods. And to get the sea organic, or carbon organic. It's carbon organic, it's a carbon that stock in the mud, the mud substrate of mangroves. And second is undystopic sampling. Well, undystopic sampling is taken with ring sample, and it's tested with bulk density measurement in the laboratory also. For major, the mud substrate carbon, we use this, we have to know the sea carbon and we have to know the amount of bulk density. And then the last is economic value. This is for CO2 or carbon dioxide storage measurement. And it's, and then we convert the economic value of CO2 into EDR or into RUPIA. And this is the picture of taking sample and laboratory activity. Next. This is the flow chart but I think we just have to skip this. Okay, next. This is the area of study. Why we choose Rembang? Why we choose Pasar Banggi? But I want to introduce you to Badrembang. Rembang is one of the streets in Central Java. It has unique topography and landscape. In the sort, in the certain area, it has mountainous and hills topography. But in the northern area, it has mountainous but also tidal flat, or aloe field flat. And the northern area, it is a coastal region that people usually call a Spantura. And this Spantura is a terrain area in the northern that has aloe field plan and has strongly coastal activity such as sedimentation. Next. The sedimentation is a, the sedimentation process occurs due to huge sediment materials and stream flow that have flow as manufacturers of sandy and muddy beach formation. The sandy and muddy beach formation is good for mangrove development, for mangrove growth. And this is the area of study. It's mangrove rehabilitation forest that located in Dukuh Kali Untu, Desa Pasar Banggi, Rembang, Jawa, Tera. Okay, this is the result of the research. Well, in this forest, there are four species mangrove. There are Rizopora abiculata, Rizopora mokrotata, Rizopora sewasasa, Nerasia alba, and Avisenia. Well, in this rehabilitation forest, there are, there is no, there is, there is no transition zone between brackish forest and land, which mainly Nipah, so the land is dominated by fish ponds site right after the mangrove forest and only spread by natural embankment from soil. So, this is not a perfect mangrove forest, actually, because there's no transition zone between the land and between mangrove forest. And the Nerasia alba species in this forest is only a few because it's not growth well in this mangrove forest, next. Well, this is the picture. Okay, this is the picture of the mangrove forest. Next. Okay, this is, we just go to the result. This is the density of mangrove and this is the above ground carbon density. The oldest, there are four planting years. This is from 1970, 1970. And then this is the below ground, the previous one is from above ground biomass and this is the below ground carbon density. The below ground carbon density, the oldest planting year has the highest, has the highest carbon stock. Next. And this is the mud substrate carbon, this is the organic, this is the organic. The highest one is from the oldest planting year but the not so older planting year has more lower than the other one. It's because the texture of the mud substrate, if the texture is coarse or sandy, it has the lowest, it has the lower sea organic. Next. This is the bulk density. Well, in the planting year 1970 until 1990, it has the highest bulk density. It becomes the texture of the sandy substrate. Next. And this is the mud substrate carbon density, the total mud substrate. The various substrates, the different mud substrate carbon content in each year of planting is influenced by the substrates that area of the planting year with density and the sea organic. There are four factors that can influence the mud substrates in Mount Ruffaris. Next. Okay, this is the density carbon map. We know from this map that the oldest planting year has the highest carbon stock but the youngest one is not having the lowest carbon stock because it has the wide area and also the depth of the substrate is also higher than the oldest one. Next. And this is the proportion. That's what recent research done that the mud substrate in Mount Ruffaris has contributed the most carbon rather than below ground carbon and rather than above ground carbon. So the mud substrate carbon contributes the highest carbon Next. Okay, this is the CO2 storage. So from the carbon stock, we can convert it into the carbon dioxide content and this is the CO2 storage that has in Mount Ruffaris, Baster Bangi. The highest one is from the oldest planting year. Next. Okay, this is the carbon economic value. So from the storage, from the carbon dioxide that has storage in this Mount Ruffaris, we can know how much the economic value of this Mount Ruffaris. And this is the total amount. They are 73 million rupiahs and the planting year which has the highest CO2 storage has the highest economic value and the vice versa. But we know that this is for academic, actually this research has done for academic purposes, so it's not always can be implemented in every Mount Ruffaris but the point that we want to underline in this research is that we still have to we still have to determine what method that we have to use in every Mount Ruffaris carbon stock and this economic value is not implemented in this Mount Ruffaris because the community Mount Ruffaris in Maserbangi is still plain forest for ecological purposes. Just like to reduce the abrasion and to protect their feed spawns. So they didn't know that their Mount Ruffaris has a tweezers for carbon storage. And the last. Okay, this is the conclusion. Well, this is what we want to conclusion that the Mount Ruffaris in Maserbangi has big roles for carbon storage and it's an asset for blue carbon financing, I think. And the economic value can be derived not only from the carbon but also from other benefits of Mount Ruffaris such as from the wood, the loose fruits and the tourism activity in this Mount Ruffaris. Okay, this and the last slide is I would really like to say thank you for concerning. Thank you. Thank you, Miss Naisai, if you please have a seat. Please do keep the question up until the end of the session because we're going to have hopefully interactive discussion with the speakers. So as we can see the sequestration rate is a friend of time but I think time is not a friend of an event. And you can really see the relation of listening to rap music to presentations we have to do it quite concisely. I want to invite the next speaker, Mr. Agustinus Castaña. I'm going to talk much about the distribution, I think we did a correlation between local level measurements and NDC so this is really interesting to see the connection from top to bottom to top. Please the time is your spot. Thank you. I'm Agustinus Castaña, and I'm from Castaña, Patimura University and Polytechnic in Maratobelo. I want to explain about the Indonesian language because it's good. Next. A little presentation is an introduction, material and method, result and discussion, conclusion and recommendation. In Maluku is small villages and in order to implement NDC and Maluku has developed a roadmap on mitigation and adaptation and for now also carry out the action plan for supporting NDC in Maluku has a very vast ocean or sea area which consists of 92% and 8% therefore it has a very high potential for blue carbon but now the condition is degrading and also the coastline is around 10,000 km mangrove here plays a very important role for small island but mangrove families suffer from this degrading condition which takes or require our attention. This is the island. So our research center first there are 12 islands and the analysis is conducted using the overlapping or using the landsides and it is centered in each island and then beforehand we have tried to set up an analysis scheme to manage this small island which based on green economy and also blue economy and also landscape and seascape and by trying to set all these factors social economy factors in order to be able to establish the development indicators that can preserve the whole ecosystem in the small island conserve the biodiversity including the natural resources the forest resources the seas resources and we try to when strain all this mitigation and adaptation and based on this research we try to integrate all the existing planning there so all the efforts on the land can be focused on the watershed element and we are trying to integrate all data and information concerning mangrove into the system so that it can support the local action plan for national for supporting the NDC so in particular out of all the integration effort the interpretation then focus are concentrated on the mangrove areas and the result that we generated is on that we try to interpret the result of covering all the mangrove areas across this small island and we try to identify which still has our good coverage and identify which part that has not yet or suffering from the degrading condition and the total mangrove areas no left with 228,772 the area of primary mangrove only consists now with 31.02% and the secondary is with 0.02% so the remaining mangrove areas over mangrove coverage now on the on the consist of 68% so these areas are over 11 island clusters as I showed to you and on one island has no mangrove area anymore and it has a great impact to small island so as part of the impact of the climate change the rise of sea level there will be huge operations impact as well in general so this is the result that we generated from this 12 island and this one is the result of analysis this is the first island clusters where all planning in Maluku has been decorated we concentrated on the water set and so if you see this what's your calls it means it indicates the mangrove areas if you take a look at this in overall the huge smaller spots located along the coast area where it has it no longer has the mangrove which means it already suffering from this terrible degradation and this one in the second cluster just next this is the third cluster number cluster 4 cluster 5 cluster 6 cluster 7 in Ambon and also Easegi it also suffers from degradation and this one is the cluster number 8 this one number 9 and this is located in Aru Island which is we still has coverage over here but still in Maluku we suffer from huge problem in terms of the national planning especially in forest special planning where almost 84% converted area and this amount of area almost being converted to the cane plantation but thankfully we were able to prevent that otherwise we would be having a huge disaster but this one in this cluster we still have the mangrove areas this one is the cluster 10 cluster 11 where it no longer has the mangrove areas and I think we need to pay attention to this area this is cluster 12 so I think this is the conclusion and the conclusion is that the remaining mangrove areas is distributed over 11 island clusters and we need to conserve this and I think in developing Maluku area I don't think we should not just see mangrove as the service provider to absorb carbon but also it's function to provide the livelihood for the local community and also to maintain the existence of the small island so based on our result we then at least have a tentative or indicative map how we can develop mangrove areas in the future if we want to secure or if we want to support NDC as our development focus so the economic base that we need to proceed is blue and green economy and meanwhile the change process that happens in Maluku well we try to integrate all of landscape and escape into one integral part in the development of small island so in addition to support the NDC but also to support the SDG program that's all thank you thank you thank you Pa Agusino this is really interesting because we could really see from the local level and we could see how it will affect the sustainable development planning and also coordinating with the ministries from a local level point of view just to cut some more time please let me invite the next speaker is a good friend of mine Sigit Denisa Smito going to talk about global analysis of mangrove blue carbon stock change across disturbing regimes hi everyone so my name is Sigit Denisa Smito I'm currently PhD candidate in Chara 7 University in Rio and also PhD fellow in C4 with SWAM project today I will present one of my chapter in my PhD thesis entitled global analysis of mangrove blue carbon stock change across disturbance regimes so this is a systematic review of studies and pick up the global analysis if you learn or see the presentation from Buharuni recently this is similar but instead of collecting good data we collect the secondary data from published literature next so actually the research about mangrove and carbon started in 92 a long time ago 3 decades since now but in 2008 this is a publication by Buhli highlighting the importance of mangrove production and carbon change and review all of the published literature as well so in 2011 the mangrove carbon research came up and then included in the blue carbon in addition with the cigarettes and salmers and in 2015 we published on the potential of Indonesian mangrove for national climate change mitigation and recently similar article on nature climate change on global control carbon storage in mangrove soil why soil because of soil carbon pool store huge amount of carbon stock and then global stock and potential emission of rotation in the last decade and next so with the mangrove mangrove and carbon big here is the global picture of the carbon budget in our earth and specifically in here I want to discuss on the mangrove and how mangrove ecosystem in this part of the global carbon budget especially on the lensing and land use change sectors next so in 2016 we have seen the use of mangrove deforestation rates in Asia in the last years mostly based on the aquaculture, the rice field, oil palm other drivers in Indonesia itself we have aquaculture expansion into the mangrove ecosystem and also in Sumatra growing of oil palm into the mangrove ecosystem next so at the same time we develop a protocol how to conduct systematic review that related to quantify or asking a question how does distribution regimes affect carbon stock and fluxes in the mangrove ecosystem with a two specific question what data are available on the stock and fluxes in relation to the anthropogenic natural disturbance activities and what is the magnitude of a carbon stock and flux changes the function of distribution transition next so how to collect the data from the literature we we define the scope of the study we call it the PICO population, intervention, comparator and dot com the population is mangrove and the intervention is different disturbance regimes land use change and pollution and things and comparator is undisturbed versus disturbed sampling sites basically and the outcome is a carbon either carbon stock or flux but my presentation currently I just present the results from carbon stocks so we got nearly 5,000 titles of publication related with this related with this search string that we develop based on the PICO and then near dawn based on the screening title screening, abstract screening critical appraisal and finally nearly 500 full text and 40 of them for systematic review relevant based on our study design and we have 154 data set for meta analysis next so here is the classification that we identified from the population of the literature that we collected from from many database so we have abundant response until pollution so basically we have we define the disturbance regimes into two the one that anthropogenically driven and then another one is a naturally driven and we have several anthropogenic drivers of our cost and mangrove degradation including agriculture, agriculture forest management urban pollution and the natural we have a day back we have recently a large mangrove day back in the Northern Territory and there's also a mangrove colonization into the sub-mass ecosystem in the North America South Australia and also in Africa next so here is the data population the distribution across the world defining by carbon-faceted and carbon-stock and both so we have several data from South Asia and America but less data from Africa next so here is the number of studies year by year since 93 until now so mangrove and carbon getting popular right so we have increasing very in the last two years in 2016 and 2017 next so this is the one that we have been discussing since yesterday how much the change of carbon stocks due to the disturbance so this is our preliminary results we pick up classified into the three above ground biomass carbon below ground biomass carbon and soil carbon and on the above ground biomass carbon negative and positive percentage of change in the carbon stocks especially from colonization force management and aquaculture conversion some of the blank data meaning that not available data for this disturbance regimes we report data population as well for below ground biomass carbon for colonization with huge uncertainty and the important is the third one so we have several trend here you can see the colonization affect positive in term of the carbon stock change after several years and then we have negative impact of carbon stock due to the anthropogenic especially anthropogenic regime next so this is also interesting sorry I don't have a pointer but you can see that some of the data so that for example above ground biomass carbon we have increasing trend of carbon change since time sorry since disturbance like for example these are 70 years after mangrove colonization into sub mass ecosystems and for example here we have aquaculture there is a decreasing row mean difference means carbon stock change across the time series so here is the below ground biomass data and then next this is the soil carbon as well so the same trend also for colonization mangrove colonization to sub mass and then the same trend with the significant loss of carbon stock due to the aquaculture expansion into mangrove next so we have been doing this since the last two years and we have very first starting works and we face many challenges here so this collaborative works very long processes and very time consuming because we have to read paper one by one and collect the data one by one and then all of the studies provide the first variables and very limited data still for example there is some papers that not presenting data by using the standard unit for carbon for example carbon stock usually we use the ton carbon per hectare but other paper may be not using that one and then there is also very limited information regarding the statistical size for example some papers not presenting the standard deviation or the number of the sampling is very very important for publication and language limitation so we just only include the English written studies of publication so maybe some of BISA Indonesia that assess the same study design not being good here and the consistency so it's already two years and we have to maintain our energy of consistency using the same method and read the papers one by one so we identify the impact of mangrove carbon and fluxes we have another data on fluxes to distribute regimes in the mangrove ecosystem and we acknowledge that systematic review requires transparent and consistency steps mangrove compression to other land uses mainly it's carbon emission well-consufficient based activities of carbon gain for example here we have some data on the voice management where actually some activities like forest logging and also restoration included there so we highlight that we need more and more field data so next thank you we just finished our free work last week in Binduni Bay so thank you for your attention thank you so much for your presentation it's really interesting to see how this could be in science and evidence based to push the other working group that we heard yesterday the policy financing and everything based on what we are finding in the science communities so moving on to the next speaker I would invite Mr. Muhammad Muriyono I was going to talk much about risofora, elementary models and this and that please thank you actually I'm still foolish for blue carbon and also I met many Senpai and Sensei here so it is until now I'm still encouraged how to mostly come people how to understand about main group so approaching about elementary model of risofora in Madura Island is Java maybe everyone known about elementary risofora still also but I want tiny concern about what kind of thing that we have to concern for the data of elementary next so probably just nice to know that now we dealing with some data about the eco-physiology modeling of terrestrial and marine ecosystem and CO2 elevated especially for photosynthesis plan respawn and also assessment of climate change impact next we are dealing in ITS or our group for ecologies in previous we have modeling and sensitivity analysis of canopy photosynthesis similar with CO2 I mean increasing and then we try to modelize how plan respawn and in the present we dealing with the end distribution of salinity rise because of course previously say that above sea level and then salinity now is increasing especially for plantation in coastal or near sea and then the last probably in Indonesia we also develop kind of way to understand about conservation in mangrove because we have heard before so thing that we have to concern also enrichment in mangrove forest we already know because mangrove is mostly is given area is not planted or artificially next so in previous journal also mention but I want to make concern about Indonesian issue in the last paper in nature mention about 50% and more than 30% in Indonesia and of course we have the hiring according for this paper next but my concern is about two carbon storage proportional to mangrove forest biomass because I don't know when I searching and I found FAO in 1985 they have represented the highest distribution mangrove in Indonesia and we found a very newest paper for global distribution of mangrove ecosystem carbon stock purple Indonesia and specifically the highest so this data began in 1985 to 2018 the trend is similar so sometime we think why we have to make very difficult to measure for the stock carbon if we can assume from distribution of mangrove so that's why I raise a question do carbon storage proportional to mangrove forest biomass next and also in that paper have simulation or metadata for many approaching for measuring carbon stock the point is the consistent in the below ground and following with the middle one and I'm interesting in above ground stock they have different amount maybe small but it's interesting for me to recognize why this one is different because panthecology is different mangrove already said because it's close to the ecoton area so many tight or something with the people so we want to make sure that why does above ground stock have a different amount for counting next so allometric basically equation to estimating tree biomass and then mission parameter basically diameter breast head three component weight and then the objective of this question the objective of this presentation is assessment of carbon storage by estimating tree and biomass and also negromass compare above ground biomass and carbon stock next okay this one probably already be known from previous presentation we have but we split it into trees fruit root and litter maybe fruit is not so we specifically in trees roots and litter next this one is our location of sampling next in Madura island probably is already be known also biomass measurement so we have template and look tight close or see next this one is also like a tailor so we just manually very conservative so we using biomass for diameter breast head next this one is also already known well next next probably the material we conduct of course we analyze kind of method data with ANOVA and also X-ray the latest important thing about G-stock with multiple regression next so the result of this analysis is the first one is a main tree head carbon storage proportional with the biomass woody negromass, negromass is dead dead tree woody woody negromass has carbon storage not proportional to biomass and high tide side had higher biomass in main tree and woody negromass also higher carbon stock in main tree and woody negromass this can be display next and then about the roots had carbon storage proportional also low tide side had higher biomass and carbon stock next and liter have proportional with the biomass high tide side had higher biomass and carbon stock next and for multiple regression we found that the root biomass had a significant correlation on root carbon and liter carbon liter biomass had significant correlated on liter carbon stock and the last one is root carbon has significant correlated on liter carbon so this display for multiple regression next about low tide the tree biomass had significant correlated on root carbon liter biomass had significant correlated on liter carbon next so we assume that do carbon stock proportional to main growth forest biomass so the answer is yes no only one woody negromass is not proportional with biomass so probably something very specifically with the location the other is significant correlated biomass is proportional with the carbon stock next and the last question is why does above ground stock have different amount of data so the root and liter biomass effect on root carbon at high tide side three biomass effect on root carbon at look at side so depend on the location of the sampling also assume that we can diverse for the data next so the conclusion is about above ground carbon stock is one is proportional with the biomass mostly and high tide side was higher in tree carbon stock and above ground carbon stock influence by sea tide high versus low but this modest significant correlation was mainly to the above ground biomass and next okay thank you and very thank you for all of this audience and we are welcome if you came to do not hesitate to contact me thank you thank you thank you it's quite interesting when we all emphasizing much on the below ground carbon and this emphasize more on the above ground and all the measurements involved please allow me to steal your lunch time a bit more I would invite you to talk about estimating carbon sequestration GHE emission coastal carbon project using FAA exact tool so this is really interesting okay thank you Masbara let me introduce myself first my name is Bamang Arifarmi I'm working as a national consultant especially in the forestry at FAAO Jakarta today my presentation is about the greenhouse gas accounting tools for blue carbon I'm going to talk first about the background you know the exact is the flow in 2009 in collaboration between FAO World Bank and also IRD exact is soft is a anti-carbon balance tool can use at different step of the project cycle so you can use the exact to measure the baseline and also in the middle of your project and also expose analysis exact also estimate the mitigation impact of agriculture and forestry planning policy and also investment project so you can see from the slide more than 250 project from different partner analysis using the exact success effect usage world bank all the project has portfolio of 4.8 billion US dollar and then if you explain a little bit about exact can you back please okay go ahead okay next slide okay exact is an Excel based tool to quantify the amount of judges release of sequestered from the activity in the portfolio sector including the blue carbon fisheries and aquaculture in exact you need activities data on agriculture practices and also you need what kind resources will be used and then also what kind of land use chance you have it or you find it in the field and then the currency we use in exact is in turn of CO2 equivalence next please so I'm talking about what can be important from the exact exact itself lead policy officer and also project designer to elaborate two different development scenario from the sector so the first one as a business right it's mean in another word the project without intervention and the second one a policy of project scenario in other word I put this one about the strengthening target and sustainable development this with the intervention next so the main logic of exact next please okay next okay the main logic of exact is take into account activity that impact jg flux or stock change from two different carbon pools so the activity can be from the forestation forest degradation restoration and so on and the impact of the jg flux you can measure here it's like CO2 N2O and then you also can measure the stock change from the different carbon pool it's above ground biomass, below ground biomass soil, litter and dead wood it's almost the same thing what Ibu Haruni explained earlier so combining between GHGA emission and carbon stock change so you can get what we call the carbon balance in ton CO2 equivalent after you running the system you get the positive result what's mean the positive result is there are more emission so the prediction is not really good so you need to think about what kind activity you should adjust for the project but if you get the negative result there are less emission that make you happy you can see the picture the motion there so from there you can determine what kind mitigation step should be incorporated in the project activity next please next so the methodology behind the tools is based on the IPCC 2014 for the blue carbon 2006 for green house gases so really important especially for blue carbon community given there is a high degree of insertitude of mangrove carbon stock EXAC is using T1 data for gas emission computation but it also allow user to use their own coefficient or carbon stock data so if you have emission factor in T2 you can plug in in EXAC as well okay next okay next next okay more specifically on blue carbon so right now our team in Rome they are working right now to develop the peer review in 2015 together with marine fisheries and aquaculture so this is what you can get from EXAC right the first one forest management practices the second one extraction soil is extracted over one meter depth and also drainage water table is changed to one meter depth this is a three component with the different activities over there that you can use to calculate gas emission using EXAC next and then the EXAC focus you can use to measure a full sector including livestock and the second one coastal wetland it's mean the blue carbon the third one is the fisheries and aquaculture that's why I'm really strong you to use these tools because you can see in the big picture because when you manage the lands based on the landscape approach so you need to know how much carbon from the upstream to downstream and then to the also in the thrift so with EXAC you can use easily finally because you know EXAC you're having your computer and then you get faster result right so to put it simply is it important for regional official for Indonesia or decision maker you can use this easily and after that you can determine what kind of project you want to choose so or you can choose a part of the landscape maybe you just choose a hill or in the coastal area okay next so let me talk about the project what have been done with FL the first one this about aquaculture development in Mozambique and the second one adaptation to salinity institution in the Mekong Delta wetland conservation in Gabon integrated mangrove and the last one mangrove research in India so together with the service development project so if you need more information on what kind of project we have you can check with this link next okay this one project in the Mekong Delta you know this Delta have a problem with the salinity institution up to 60 kilometers in the land can you imagine what's going on right and then we we use to kind of approach the first one improving water resources management for rice and for horticulture and the second one supporting agricultural aquaculture system adaptive and resilient to salination institution right so next so you know this project covered like 100,000 hectare right but you know you can check in the table mangrove area only 19% of the total area but this project take care to restore it right and then you can check from them using the mangrove area activity you can get the carbon burden about 8 million ton CO2 equivalent so you can imagine only 19% from the total area mangrove you restore so you can get the 8 million ton CO2 equivalent next this another you know project that we have also maybe next please this what happen in the Vietnam right in the Vietnam we have also the project related what is the effect the integrated mangrove frame from on JG emission the policy question is how we can reconcile stream aquaculture and blue carbon conservation right from the table you can see you know this project they try to restore the mangrove double from 2000 become 4000 but why we get the the last number of the emissions there because the community they break the law the mangrove survive should be 60% ratio but they break you know based on the our questioner the community they break the law they don't comply with the regulation and then that's why so what the strong policy message on this project with the project you know farmer should respect mangrove ratio 6 to 40% right because they break the law even they double the area restoration but still not cover the emission coming from construction next okay thank you for your attention if you have any question you can you know contact our college in Rome and also myself thank you thank you but I would about looking at the time we have four to five minutes for question and answer but I would still encourage for you to have some question I would limit to two to three concise questions if I may please yeah but but most of the another one probably to keep the time and keep really concise thank you thank you from our video this is for Ibu Aruni Cristina Wati I also welcome the other panelists to give a response to three short questions to Ibu Aruni first I'd like to reconnect to the previous session with Amos Ali and Daniel was the moderator it's on mangrove management and no it's on mangrove policy now Indonesia has seven lines of climate related policy going first from 2011 with the national action plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and then we have the forest moratorium and we have the merger of the two ministries in 2015 and the most recent came out in March 2018 the electricity supply business plan in 2018 this is the whereby the energy mix is dominated by coal over 50% in going into 2025 so my question to you Ibu Aruni when we discuss about having a mangrove policy as was raised in the previous session what should go into a climate related policy on mangrove restoration and development first question, second question is alright thank you my question is directed to Ibu Aruni and just a few comments a quick comment to Ibu Aruni you refer to the wetland supplement of the IPCC so far it is fully implemented for Indonesia because the supplement as far as I know focus on the soil and below ground so has it been fully implemented for Indonesia and if it's not then is there any plan to have a full limitation of this wetlands and then the second question still is all mangrove area covered by this wetlands supplement for Indonesia for example mangrove area as explained by our colleague from Ambon those are island mangrove so are those mangrove in areas included in the inventory as well and for Pagbambang so yes we have used this exact tool for example to we use it for our study case in Bukasi Muara Kebong where there is a mangrove confederation to be spawned but there is also like mangrove area is under review to be implemented but we think that it will be complementary if we use also like the tool with the spatial you know spatial display so we also complement this exact tool with other tool that explicitly spatial for example in fats so we know where the carbon sink or emissions is the highest and the lowest because the exact tool is a table like method we don't know where is the variation of this carbon dynamics just we comment thank you thank you hello everyone my name is Tammi Putri I represent the biodiversity consultancy so we're consultants and we work a lot with the private sector trying to work trying to make sustainability works on the ground so I just have a one question I always talk a lot about oh we have to have sustainable management of coastal ecosystems and then Papua or Indonesia has such large carbon stock amount so I would like just to get your tea I guess on what do you think or what would be your advice on how we can make this sustainable management of coastal ecosystem work in Indonesia that's all thank you I have a question since I must know if he is cheating on a number of questions and the question is quite long I would stick to the yes or no answers no I'm actually joking Selahkan thank you apologies if maybe I could not be able to catch the question correctly from the first question yeah maybe Masbara could you I can respond the second question first yeah I'm trying to read my best to respond your question related with how is mangrove actually has been incorporated or has been included in the reportings in terms of national example for clean house case emission reduction something like this yeah he's not using his microphone so I'm sorry there would be no translation yeah thank you I'm not in the position I'm not in the position maybe to respond from the policy point of view but yes okay okay yeah yeah I think I think under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry there are I think two directorates which are related directly with especially with the blue carbon especially with mangrove which is one in the directorate channel of watershed management which is under directorates if I'm not mistaken it's about soil conservation which is mostly related to land rehabilitation including mangroves especially rehabilitation for degraded mangroves and the other one is under the directorate channel of natural resources conservation and ecosystem one of the directorate dealing with essential ecosystem management one of the issue that has been taken handle is related with wetland including mangroves I think within the our ministry when I working on it has been put some responsibility especially related with rehabilitation and conservation in terms of the research and development and innovation and change I think we have we have some research group actually also working on blue carbon issues especially for mangrove because initially we work for the forestry before matching with the ministry of environment so most of the work that we have done dealing with blue carbon mangroves mangroves especially and of course now I think in close collaboration with colleagues from ministry of marines and ministry of planning agency many times as well from the scientific point of view we have been working how we can in the previous session how the science can be work together with the policy with working through the regulation or policy issues something like that and I think recently maybe much more you could updates what's going on and under the ministry of planning agency we actually set up the strategy in terms of the blue carbon policy and strategy framework or something like that which has been working I think in collaboration within the planning agency we are coordinating maritime ministry of environment and forestry and marine and fishery this is what I can respond but I'm happy to discuss further after the session if it is related with something that I know the second I would like to respond the question from Masinofi in terms of implementing the wetland supplement 2014 wetland supplement yes I think what I have presented in my slide is this related with when we prepare the national document for a reference emission level and then this research has been used in setting for land based sector for NDC documents yes wetland supplement mostly has been used to as a source of emission especially for wetland which is speedland that was for mangrove as I said in my presentation because mangrove is just dealing with the above ground biomass so the approach that we have been using is similar with the one with other which is using 2006 IPCC guideline so next year that will be published the refinement of IPCC guidelines and I think just last week there has been a discussion in Australia and Brisbane I think I am not there but there is a discussion about the government exchange which discussing about the implementation of the countries implementation of 2014 wetland supplement especially how blue carbon not just mangrove but also other types that has been incorporated in the green house cash inventory and in the of the reporting and green house cash inventory for especially for mangrove IPCC because it is the one that has been included in the land based green house cash inventory we still use the 2014 IPCC and 2014 of course there will be the area in the future for example we are thinking that other pools of mangrove carbon stock has been considered for future reporting then 2014 wetland supplement will be used as a basis and the second question how the mangrove area probably you also address a question to Moriono about the above ground carbon so apologies again for going here and there and running away but we try to keep it concise and try to accommodate every question sorry I missed the question probably in the next after lunch it will be better because stay fully okay but stay hungry it's really touching me yes thank you so logic logistics doesn't make any sense so the other question probably as follows to the lunchtime so apologies again for the timing and we have agenda we have to be flexible about it please a big round of applause for the speakers the next session is going to be 130 so I hope everyone is going to be running to 17th floor before the lunch runs out thank you very much for the session