 The study presents a conceptual framework to estimate the cradle-to-market life-cycle seasonal greenhouse gas emissions impact of fresh produce commodities, including production, post-harvest processing, packaging, and transportation stages. Using oranges as a case study, the study estimates the carbon footprint per kilogram of fruit delivered to wholesale markets in four US cities and assesses the relative importance of transportation mode, transportation distance, localness, and seasonality. The results show that the cradle-to-market carbon footprint of oranges delivered to US cities can vary by more than a factor of two, depending on production origin, transportation mode, and seasonality. The study highlights the value of regional and specific carbon footprinting for fresh produce and the need for a consistent and standardized data, reporting framework for agricultural systems. This article was authored by Eric M. Bell and Arpid Horvath.