 Okay, next right now, addition of water. Addition of water. Next, yes. Addition of water. Right off. Alkyne's undergoes acid-catalyzed addition of water. In presence of mercury ion as the catalyst. So what's the name of this reaction? It is addition of water on alkyne. So it's not under the same thing like the liquidation. Sir, mercury is HD2 plus. HD2 plus. So what is the secret plus called? Mercury. So what is the secret plus called? Mercury. Mercury ion as a catalyst. Right on. Mercury ion present as a mixture of mercury sulfate that is HgSO4. Mercury sulfate in aqueous sulfuric acid. In aqueous sulfuric acid. This reaction follows Markovnikov rule. Markovnikov rule. Right down. It forms ketone, sorry, enol form. It forms enol. Keto enol. It forms enol form first. Enol form first. Which converts into keto. Keto through tautomeric. So in the keto enol tautomeric, there are some percent HgSO4. Yes. So for that we have 4-5 rules. That rules we will discuss. Actually you cannot find out the exact person. Yeah exact person. But you can find out that which one like in the given option. You can find out which one should be the like suppose around 88% or 60% like that. Or 100%. Suppose if you have a compound like this. Suppose you have a compound like this. This converts into what? This converts into phenol after tautomerism. It converts into phenol. Just one example. This HgSO4. One of the HgSO4 will come out. Right. This goes over here. This comes over here. And this HgSO4 will attach onto this. So you will get this. Yes. Yes. Space for that. It comes over here. We will get this. Right. Since it is phenol. Right. And it is aromatic. So we can say the composition of this is 100% in the way. This will entirely convert into phenol. So like that based on the stability of the molecule. We can find out the percentage. So for that. You didn't give us one way right? That is something you find out the degree of the compound and then you count the number of alpha and check. No that was chlorination. Yes. Chlorination. Chlorination. Chlorination. Composition for that. Chlorination. Percentage composition of the chlorinated product. So that will work for not halogen. No. No. Okay. So reactionary right down to CH3, CH2. C triple bond CH. This on reaction with water. And the catalyst we use is H2SO4 in presence of HGSO4. This is the reagent for this reaction. H2SO4 with HGSO4. Okay. So in this the product is CS3, CH2, C double bond. CH2. The final product of the reaction. You'll get an alkene first. What is the name of this compound? This we call it enol. I'll tell you what. One, two, three, four. Butte, butte, one in two holes. Right? It's an enol form which goes under ketoenol atomization and converts into... This is CS3. Lucille, tell me what is the product? That double bond go, it becomes CS3 and this will be T double bond go. So this becomes... See generally enol form is more stable, like here we cannot compare the percentage, but enol form is more stable not enol, keto form is more stable, why because C double bond O the bond strength is higher than C double bond strength, right. So, generally what we say keto form is more stable than the enol form. So, the percentage is around 60 percent will be this or 65 percent and this will be the rest 35 or 40 percent, okay. So, exact composition we cannot say, we can talk about which one is more stable and based on that we can say which one is more and which one is less, okay. It is like I said it is spontaneous, right. The structure which is more stable the composition on that will be more in the mixture, okay. In this case we can say as I was telling you. So, sometimes what happens the compound which forms after this tautomerism that get stabilized through hydrogen bonding, right. So, the one which has the hydrogen bonding the composition is more stable. So, we have four five rules for that. So, this is the reaction we have here, okay product. HD2 plus here also what happens this HD2 plus forms a cyclic ring here intermediate which is not that you know important, but if you try to understand the mechanism it goes like this CH3, CH2, the C KSR will have HD2 plus C double bond H and then here what happens H2O behaves as a nucleophile and the attack of H2O on the carbon atom which is more substituted because it follows what Markovnikov. So, here say we will have attack of H2O this will attack on the carbon atom which is more substituted this ring will go up. What happens after this CS3, CH2, C OH2 positive charge double bond CHHG this H plus comes from this OH2 it becomes OH and this H plus will attach under this carbon atom. So, it forms what CH2 here goes OH and this pi bond will not be there. So, here we will have the positive charge so, that pi electron takes this H plus. So, it forms CH2 and this positive charge over here. Now, after this what happens as HG2 plus goes out and this bond pair is going into this positive charge carbon atom. So, it is the metal it will not take part in the reaction it is a catalyst. So, we are using some temperature also here at this temperature here the elimination of HG ion takes place which further combines the substrate ion forms HG. So, what I said mercurinium ion as a catalyst. So, when it is a catalyst it will not take part in the reaction. So, it comes out at the end of the reaction. So, we will get here C double bond CH2 OH which is this form in all after this keto form. Oxygen pair will have lone pair and hydrogen this lone pair forms pi bond and this pi bond shifted with this carbon and to stabilize this oxygen because if you have double bond here the oxygen has positive charge to stabilize this positive charge. And this H plus is taken up by this CH2 minus C S3 okay. But again like I said mechanism is not important okay only one thing you have to keep in mind that whatever nucleophile you are taking nucleophile is bought here what is the nucleophile what is getting attached here So, what is the nucleophile? No, nucleophile is H2. Nucleophile is always the molecule which attacks. Now, why OH we are getting here because these two H2 attack here we have positive charge on oxygen to stabilize that positive charge H plus comes up and then you get OH. So, nucleophile is always the particle which attacks suppose which is not possible in this reaction I am going to have a C S3 OH one hypothetical case I must do right. So, which one will attack the whole this compound will attack here C S3 OH. So, nucleophile is what? C S3 OH after this H plus and where C S3. But the nucleophile is always C S3 OH H2. What is the nucleophile in this reaction? So, always remember nucleophile is the molecule which attack double bonded or electron deficient of region whatever we have in the molecule. So, H2 is a nucleophile in this reaction next reaction there you come hydration of alkyne by addition of borane. Borane we have done hydroboration oxidation reaction based same reaction I just write down the reaction hydration of alkynes by the addition of borane. What is the reagent we have here hydroboration oxidation reaction? D H3 with in T HF or B2 H6 because B H3 can exist in dimer form also right. So, B H3 with T HF in the second stage what we take? H2 O2 with OH minus. So, first it forms what? C H3, C H2, D H2 and then two times again the same reaction. So, it forms C H3, C H2 twice B which is nothing but R3 dry alkyne borane. So, here also we have same thing. So, 3 moles of this it eventually gives you H C H sorry H C H2 C double bond C H whole thrice B. We have C H3 C triple bond C H C H3 C H double bond C H addition of H2 O2 OH minus will get attached right. So, OH minus will attack next step name H2 O2 H2 O2 OH minus. So, this forms C H3 C H double bond C H OH plus B OH 3 molecules the reaction is not okay it is exactly same. So, what is this product? This one what is this product? In all right. So, again the product is C H3 C H. So, why do you want it from the outer part? It is a carbonyl. Keto enol we cannot say this one because this is not a keto. But the reaction is same similarly. So, why does it have to be asymmetrical? Symmetrical also you can take. So, you erase the symmetrical. Because it is easier to understand with this, but you can write down the same reaction with this. I will give you the same reaction write down the product in this one. I think you will get C H3 C H O in this. Right not double bond would not be there. C H3 C H O C H3 single bond C H. First of all you get C H2 double bond C H OH and then totomerism this H comes over here C H3 C H O. So, terminal alkynes gives you aldehyde here. If you have non terminal alkyne then it will be a ketone then this keto enol. C H3 C H O. The first product is this C H2 double bond C H OH and then it goes for totomerism form C H3 C double bond O. So, terminal alkyne gives you aldehyde non terminal gives you ketone. Two three more reactions we have write down next. Carboxylic acids. No no no carboxylic acids are not carboxylic acids. Because what happens Carbony compound for definition is the molecule which has this group. Carboxylic acid may this carboxylic acid does not have double bond characteristics because in carboxylic acid what happens C double bond O OH. In some books they have taken carboxylic acid also a carbonyl compound right. But usually we consider only aldehyde or ketone as a carbonyl compound because in carboxylic acid or even if you take amide C double bond O NH2 right here also we have resonance. So, carboxylic acid does not have double bond characteristics. That is why we do not consider this as carbonyl compound. Aldehyde or ketone.