 Hi there, it's Mr. P. In today's lesson, we're going to take a look at reported speech Yes, Mr. P said that he would teach reported speech in his lesson So let's get started Ok, there are two types of speech. The first one is called the direct speech And it is used to describe what someone said We simply repeat what someone says, putting the phrase between speech marks In direct speech instead is used to report what someone said without speech marks And without necessarily using exactly the same words Oh, don't be scared Mr. P, it's alright, I will explain So let's start with direct speech. I have a student named Maya So Maya came in and said, I'm sorry, I'm late The teacher asked, what happened? Maya replied, my bus got stuck in traffic The teacher said, it's because of the weather So this is direct speech. It's basically reporting exactly the same words The speaker said Now let's take a look at indirect or reported speech So Maya came in and said she was sorry, she was late The teacher asked, what had happened? Maya replied, her bus had got stuck in traffic The teacher said, it was because of the weather So now let's take a look at how to change direct speech to indirect speech So when we use indirect or reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past Maya came in and said, I'm sorry, I'm late Maya came in and said, she was sorry, she was late You may notice right there the verb to be becomes past So I am, I was, but not I was, but she was I am late, she was late I will explain this later, don't worry So let's see how the tense change So from direct speech on your left to indirect speech on your right So present simple do or does changes to past simple did The present continuous, the verb to be am or is, changes to the past continuous Was or where? The present perfect, so with the auxiliary verb have Changes to the past perfect with the auxiliary verb had The past simple did, changes to the past perfect had The future simple will, changes to would Can, changes to could May, changes to might Must, you can have must or have to is your choice Now let's look at how other words change This month, this day will change to that month, that day So here will change to there Today will change to that day Tomorrow, the following day Yesterday, the day before, last week, last month Will change to the previous week, the previous month And then the pronouns I, you will change to he, she It depends on the person, right? We will change to they And my will change to his or her There are other changes, but we just need to concentrate on these ones Oh, don't be sad Mr. P is alright So now how do we report questions? Well, there are three things to consider First, the verb or tense of the sentence, then the pronoun and then the punctuation So I highlighted these three items in three different colors So the yellow is the tense or the verb of the sentence Then the pronoun is in blue and then green is the punctuation So for a sentence such as what time is it, the indirect sentence would be What time it was Notice the way I say it, what time it was Now first is the pronoun it and then is the verb was The punctuation instead of a question mark is a period In our next example, where are you from? The indirect sentence would be where I am from Now notice here that I didn't change tense So I left the tense the same, I didn't change it Why is that? I will give you a few minutes to think about it And I will give you another example of the same situation What do you do? So in the indirect sentence would be what I do Now here again, the simple present stays the same It doesn't change If the situation is still the same, like I am from Canada, I'm from China, I'm from Brazil They stay the same, right? So what do you do? What is your job? If the situation is the same, the tense stays the same So how about the fourth example? How are you? Now the indirect sentence would be how I was Here we need to change because maybe the situation changed So that's why we change it into the past tense Now let's take a look at the next example What is he doing? What is he doing? What he was doing? So again notice the order of the words So in the question we have the auxiliary first Then the pronoun and then the main verb In the indirect sentence we have the subject first In this case is he Then we have the auxiliary verb or helping verb was Because it is in the past Because it's indirect so it's always in the past We're taking one tense back And then the main verb stays the same And again the punctuation is a period, it's not a question So remember that in the indirect sentence it's not a question It's always a sentence So for the next and final question Where did he go? The question was in the past simple So in the indirect question would be one tense back So it would be in the past perfect So where he had gone Is that clear? I hope so So now what about reporting imperatives? Now let's take a look at the first example Mom said drink all your milk So in the indirect sentence would be Mom ordered to drink all my milk Pay attention I am reporting So I use the pronoun my instead of your Remember also not to use the punctuation Just use the period And one last thing to add to the verb To the main verb Let's take a look at the second example Don't be late, say Joe Again pay attention because I am reporting So I would say Joe told me not to be late And since he's negative He's a negative imperative because he said don't be I would say not to be late So I would use not plus the verb The infinitive of the main verb to be late Let's take a look at the third example Can you help me? She said to me She asked me to help her Again for this question just add to to the main verb So she asked me to help her Now the fourth example Please slow down said the instructor In direct it would be the instructor Asked me to slow down Again to slow down And the main verb is with a particle to To slow down For the last question Will you marry me? He blurted out So you know that will is used for requests For polite requests So then you would report that question As he asked her And then again to marry him To marry him So now let's practice Report the following sentences or questions Yes cool Mr. P Yes you need to pause the video For five minutes and then I will give you Your answer Now that you have your answers ready Let's look at the key Did you go out last night? She asked me if I had gone out the previous night Two things to consider If we have a yes or no question Remember to use if when you reported So she asked me if And then we changed the pronoun So in the direct question was you Then in the reported would be I And then remember to change the tense So did you go out last night? So that's past simple So then we have to change it into the past perfect If I had gone out And then don't forget to change last night Okay last night would be in direct speech In indirect speech would be the previous night So those are things to consider When you report a question in this case So let's take a look at the second sentence We are having dinner in the evening She told me they were having dinner that evening So in sentence number two we have the present continuous So then in the indirect sentence We would have the past continuous So we are having dinner Remember to change the pronoun we today So they were having dinner And then the time expression in the evening Will change to that evening Now let's take a look at number three Lucy will come after the party She said she would come after the party So in this case we have the future simple And so we change will into would Now the pronoun is the same as Lucy So Lucy said and so she said She would come after the party For number four instead What are you going to do at the weekend? So if we want to report that We would write she asked me What I was going to do that weekend Now if we consider that the direct question Was with the present continuous Then the indirect sentence Would be with the past continuous And we need to change also at the weekend Into that weekend For number five I don't like chocolate So in this case We can report it as She told me she doesn't like chocolate Why is that? Because it's still true She doesn't like chocolate So when we report a sentence That is still true Or that is always true We don't change tense So let's recap When changing the direct speech Into the indirect or reported speech Remember to change Number one, the tense Number two, the pronoun Number three, the time expression And number four, the punctuation If necessary Well, that's it for today If you have any questions about this lesson Please post your question under this video In the meantime, thanks for watching Subscribe to my channel if you haven't Hit on the like button if you like the lesson And share the lesson with your friends Enjoy your day and see you next time Take care, bye-bye