 had a very, hopefully delicious dinner or lunch, I should say. Many of you might be recovering from that. So we're going to really try and make sure that we keep this discussion as exciting and riveting as possible and keep you entertained. I'm really glad to be able to moderate the session only because we have a very distinguished panel of discussants or panelists. To my left, we have the Minister of Health from China, Minister Chen Zhu. Welcome. To his left, to my left, and to your right, we have Kim Stratton, who I want to make sure I get this right, is the group country manager and head of external communications for Novartis in Switzerland. To her left, we have Minister Mohammed Ali Pate, I hope I pronounced that correctly, from the state of Nigeria. To his left, we have Rachel Duan, who is the head, the CEO of GE China. I hope I got your designation correct there. And last but certainly not least, we have Desmond Theo, who is the head of Phillips for the Greater China Region. Welcome to you all. First of all, I'd like to kind of put this topic in, or the topic of our afternoon. This is exploring how emerging markets can make their health systems more sustainable. That's the topic. And to put that topic in context, I wanted to share with you a statistic that I'm sure many of you may be quite familiar with. Just a few years ago, the OECD, the Organization of Economic or Economically Developed Countries, I always get that acronym wrong, but in any case, they reported that health expenditures in these mostly European countries, America, Canada, and Japan were skyrocketing and had, in fact, increased significantly over the previous decade or so. Back in 2007, the health expenditure of the United States was approximately 16% of their GDP, which has since then risen to about 18% and is projected to rise to almost a quarter, 25% of their GDP by the year 2040, something which is clearly not sustainable by any government. We also have observed historically that a lot of the emphasis in health care in the developed world has focused on treatment, therapy, cure, hospital-based care, and not necessarily on health itself or on prevention. And this is something that hopefully will get a chance to explore this afternoon, to really get a sense of what objectives or what initiatives our panelists think should be taken to ensure that those mistakes or those hard lessons that have been learned from the developed world are not repeated in the emerging world, in the developing world, where we can create better systems of health, both in terms of delivery, in terms of outcomes, so that society can thrive. So I'm going to start off with a question for the minister from China, which is clearly we've seen China's incredible economic progress. Has there been concomitant or associated progress in the health care system here in China? If not, what can be done to really accelerate the development and improvement and enhancement of the Chinese health care system? And how might it differ from the way that we've seen health systems evolve in the developed world? Thank you, moderator. Thank you, moderator. Thank you, moderators, ladies and gentlemen. I think we should guess the ladies that are joining us. It is my great honor and privilege to be invited to the world platform and lead the new champions this year. But the moderator has just asked a central question. I would like to briefly answer the question of the three aspects regarding the health care reform and economic development in China. First of all, China's policy is launching the new health care reform in March 2009 in the March 2009, the Chinese central government has decided to jointly issue the opinions on deepening the health care reform. It is marking the launching of the new ground health reform. The overall goal is to establish and improve the basic health care system covering urban and rural residences and provide secure, effective, convenient, and affordable health care services to all. Over the past three years, the Chinese government has held the principle that the basic health care system should be provided to all as public goods and no efforts to push forward five reform priorities. So far, I can proudly tell you that we have fulfilled all the tests that were in this round of health care reform. Now I would like to share with you the progress we have achieved in the first phase of the reform. First of all, the national health indicators keep improving. Some figures to be shared here at our internal mortality rate has dropped from 26.1 to 34.2 in every 100,000 mothers compared to 2008. And infant mortality rate fell from 14.9 per 1,000 to 12.1. So this is our new contribution for that aspect. Secondly, the basic health insurance system has taken shape. We can say that China now has the largest basic health safety net in the world, especially we have established the new rural cooperative medical scheme. This is already taking a good shape. Thirdly, the allocation and utilization health resources have been optimized. More public funds are directed to grassroots health care institutions, rural health and public health. With that, we're seeing a narrowing gap of health development and health level between city and rural areas. Last but not least, health financing structure has become more reasonable. Health equity has been improved. The rate of out-of-pocket expenditure to the total health expenditure has declined from 40.4% in 2007 to 34.9% in 2011. Actually, we have carried out the health care reform in full recognition of our current social economic development status and the public nature of health care. Holding high the principles of providing basic health care services, strengthening facilities and facilities at grassroots level, and building up mechanisms in health systems. We believe that the basic health services are the indispensable means to safeguard the health needs of the entire population, especially the low-income groups. The government must stand ready to provide and deliver basic health services and maintain its public nature when it comes to the non-basic health care services. I think they are complementary to the basic health care and can meet diversified health needs, where market and non-governmental capital claim a leading role. In my view, the basic and non-basic health care services are closely linked with the development of economy and public funding. The package and the benefits of basic health care services will be expanded constantly. Secondly, as one of the main goals of economic development, health is also vital for the economic growth. Apart from contributing to economic development by protecting the labor force, health industry is part of the economic development itself. Study shows that human capital contributes as high as over 70% to economic development in developed countries, while the proportion is only about 35% in China. So much more can be done in China to increase the role of human capital to economic development. According to the trends in recent years, traditional health industries such as medical care, biomedicine, and health industry, health insurance are developing rapidly, while elderly care, medical tourism, and other emerging health industries are just beginning to flourish. Globally, health has become a significant sector in a number of developed countries. Statistics indicate that health industry is one of the largest industries in the United States according to statistics. It is estimated that China needs to hire another 12 million health professionals according to the international health service provider population ratio. So here you can see that health industry can drive other industries, offer jobs, and stimulate consumption. It not only protects people's health and improves human capital, but also contributes to economic growth and upgrades its structure. I firmly believe that health will be a new growth engine for our future economy. Health development will provide a very rare and invaluable opportunities for China's economic and social development. And in 2010, the total health expenditure as economy grows will count more in GDP, and health industries will also contribute more to national economic development. In 2010, the average ratio of total health expenditure to GDP was 6.2% in low-income countries, while it stood at 8.1% in high-income countries. To name just a few, it is 11.9% and 11.6% in Germany and 9.6% in UK. Among the BRICS countries, it was 9% and 8.9% for Brazil and India, respectively. It was only 5.1% for China. That says we still have a long way to go for the total health expenditure growth in China. That being said, I would like to offer the following views for your considerations. First, China has an opening economy, and the policy for health industry is even more open and transparent. As health administrators in China say to you that we welcome private and foreign enterprises to participate in health industries. Recently, the Ministry of Health of China promulgated the notice on facilitating the development of non-public health institutions by regional health planning and organizational setting for health institutions. This notice clearly states that social capital shall be given more access to the development of health care institutions and non-public health facilities shall enjoy more development opportunities so that non-government and foreign investors will be attracted to set up and run health care facilities here. Our goal is that by 2015, non-public health care facilities should account for 20% in terms of health and in terms of hospital beds and services delivered. Secondly, while satisfying high-end health needs, attentions should also be paid to provide quality and low-cost and extensive health products that can meet more demands of different population groups. I am saying that the quality of many ways to provide primary health care, one option for government service from non-public health care facilities, I say this to, are foreign businesses here in China. Thirdly, our grassroots health care institutions would have to catch up in its technology offering. We can expect going forward, the further promotion of the health care reform would definitely stimulate the development of medical device industries. Fourthly, there is still much room for commercial health care health issues and schemes to meet people's diverse health needs. And apart from the basic health insurance schemes provided by the government, diverse and personalized health needs can be met by commercial health insurance teams. Fifthly, there is a huge development potential for emerging health industries with the ever-growing aging population in China. The demand of long-term care, rehabilitation, psychological care, and other elderly health care services are on the rise. On the other hand, China has abundant natural resources of health care springs, et cetera, with low-cost health care services and human resources. We have a lot to offer. These are enabling factors. Dear friends, as Mr. Paul Holzer, famous American economy has predicted, health industry will become the new wellness revolution following the IT industry to be the fifth wave of revolutions. We sincerely hope and welcome social capital, including foreign capital, Chinese, and health development. Here, I would like to especially appeal to domestic social capital to participate in this emerging market. Chinese government will also provide full support to the development of health industries. Currently in China, the National Economic County is estimated by categories of food industry. So the added value of health and health-related industries are not that accurate. The Chinese government will utilize satellite accounting systems to calculate GDP of health industries so as to precisely reflect the contribution of health and health-related industries to the entire social economy. This will also provide more information, evidence, on the provisions and consumption of health care services. We will also trade more nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, and other health professionals in order to meet the needs of the rapid development of the health industry. I'm confident that with our joint efforts, we are able to achieve healthy and sustained development of the health industry in China, and our people can access to more and better health services. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Minister, for that very comprehensive analysis of the Chinese health care system and the positive role that the private sector can play in this regard. I'm sure some of your comments must be music to the ears of some of our colleagues in the audience. One statement that you made, which I think was very important, and I want to touch upon this and hopefully get additional feedback, is that health is a source of economic wealth. And Kim, just in the Speaker's Room, just prior to the beginning of the session, you said that we, or you suggested that we should change the name of the World Economic Forum and rename it the World Health Forum. Can you elaborate on that, please? So often when we're talking with Ministers of Health and we also have to talk with the Ministers of Finance in order to support the Ministers of Health, people see health and the investment in health as a cost rather than the fact that a healthy nation leads to an economically prosperous nation. And it's interesting. I think it's our duty to sort of turn it around so that people see that it's a great investment. And what other sectors or ministries do you think or would you suggest that the Minister of Health engage to enable a wider understanding that in fact health can be a great source of economic strength? Well, I think one of the things, we've started up in Novartis. So Novartis, as you know, is a very traditional pharmaceutical company. We have, although we have a broad portfolio, so we have the prevention on the vaccine side, which is very geared. You know, if you look at the health economics, innovation of MCD products all the way through to quality generics and also consumer health products. But one of the things that we're really looking at at the moment is we've set up a small group looking at healthcare systems. Because when we were introducing new products, people see this as a cost. And so rather than just focus on the cost of the pill or the cost of the tablet, we wanted to see what was the effect of different systems had on patient outcomes. So we've done a number of studies, primarily focusing on the MCDs, on chronic respiratory cardiovascular diabetes and some cancer. And we've looked at different healthcare systems around the world. And I think one of the things, actually you were saying in the speaker's kind of room was that actually spending more money doesn't actually mean that you're going to get better outcomes. And that's what we've seen when we've looked at the studies. It's not just about pouring more money in that will actually get you better outcomes. In fact, there is a law of diminishing return. But likewise, a good patient outcome does not necessarily mean that it has to be the most expensive option either. And what we want to look at in order to support the ministers of health, because we realize that they have quite a difficult time with the finance ministers, is to actually take the discussion and the debate sort of much broader than just the cost of the tablet and to sort of say, can we build or can we re-engineer a different healthcare system that gives you better patient outcomes, but not necessarily at a bigger price tag. And in the emerging markets, for example, we have a great opportunity to kind of redesign the way that we deliver healthcare. Excellent. Minister Pate, given that you have a significant demographic dividend in Nigeria, you have a young, vibrant population, what are some of the tools or strategies you think that Nigeria should adopt to achieve better health outcomes while being more cost effective? Thank you. I think, before I answer that, on this issue of health within the context of economic development, in Nigeria, human development is a key pillar of our transformation agenda. And within that, the health sector is within the economic management team, so which makes it easy for the intersectional linkages to be met. In the context of health, as you said, we have a very youthful population, which is fast growing. Other parts of the world have an aging population, in fact, are shrinking, but that's also affecting the health systems. Overall, I will say that the paradigm that is currently prevailing in our health system globally in rich and poor countries is almost unsustainable if you look at what is coming into the future, because with aging, you have non-communicable diseases, even in our countries who are developing at the moment. So in that context, the way to go in my own view is actually to focus on basic services. So in Nigeria, we now have a vision of saving one million lives from now until 2015 as a way of catalyzing a movement or that transformation in the health system. And we do that through four pillars. One is basic services to ensure immunization is available, maternal and child health services are available, the access, universal access in terms of the health insurance and all the aspects, diarrheal diseases and basic things that actually save lives actually are delivered. Secondly, focus on prevention. Non-communicable diseases would be late in getting a tobacco bill. That's another aspect. Mental health has drifted off the agenda because there are no global champions for mental health, yet millions of people are suffering from mental health and it affects their quality of life and their productivity. Third element is quality of care. Even advanced economies, piling more money in the health system doesn't assure you the quality of care that you need actually. So we need to start thinking about that and that's one pillar in terms of our initiative. And then finally, unlocking the health sector market potential which brings me back to the intersectoral linkages. When you look at the health sector market potential in many African countries, there's a tremendous potential in the private sector like the minister said in China, but there are policy constraints, there are regulatory constraints and there are access to capital constraints. So how do we unleash that potential that exists in the private sector? But you cannot do it sitting in the ministry of health. So we took it to the economy management team and by walking within the context of the economy management team, to start to address those underlying fiscal policy issues that may constrain the growth of the sector or dealing with the cross-cutting regulatory barriers or access to capital to unleash the private sector potential so that it can provide high quality services, generate employment and contribute to our GDP. That's the way we're approaching it. Smart approach. Question for Rachel and for Desmond. Both of your companies are global pioneers and leaders in medical imaging, medical technology, et cetera. Do you think there is a need to change that paradigm from medical technology to patient, not to even patient, but to public technology? In other words, devices or tools that would enhance wellness or prevention of early progression of disease, early detection progression of disease. Can you comment on what strategies both of your companies have developed to try and promote wellness? Absolutely. First of all, I think if we talk about a sustainable health system, the first of all, what we're talking about is the sustainable health care, the most important thing is that everybody can have the basic health services and at the same time, we should also be able to improve the health of the general public and to present to people our company about the affordability and accessibility of medical services. This is especially so in the country side where we're at risk of limited resources. At the same time, China has a transitional period globalization, urbanization, aging problem. So these are punching challenges that the health of the general public has pointed just now in the year 2000 and 2009 we initiated another round of medical health reform. The most important thing is for us to set up a better health care mechanism. So we are big from a suitable company and we are one important link in the whole system. So we have also adjusted our own policies. So we have already set up our policy that is health innovation which can be summarized in the following. That is to improve the quality in order that everybody can enjoy a better health system. And I think this is in line with the policy of the central government. G.E. Medical first came to China in 1970. Nine. Now with the last 30 years of work we have already established our own group in great China. However it seems that we are still confined in the first 30s rather than the second 30s. And that is why we have established a new strategy so that we can have our own trust on the one hand we focus on the high end and also on the policy of innovation. At the same time we are also going to lead kind of society. We also emphasize the input in things so we are going to strengthen our R&D in order that we can develop a product so that data for the future needs of the rural area in China. So at present, 90% of the product aimed at the country side. Second, we have the products and these products must be delivered to the second and third tiers of the big country. So we have a huge sales team which are now working in the rural area and the third thing is the innovation of our business and service models. The innovations are very important so we are trying to actually develop a product especially the service of products. So they don't last for the future of our production. Our investment is to double I am very happy to share with you about this time and this is and I would like to share with you what piece of good news. So we are going to start our new factory which produces a new product. We are going to present the equipment so this is another new beginning of our business. So to conclude on the one hand we are going to grasp which level we are going to do the country side to be sure in order that we can discover and satisfy the need of the product, which is basically the one country side. And in this process we have two things I would like to emphasize. So the first thing I want to talk about is innovation I think one is innovation I myself I myself I was born in China but in most of my lifetime I am the big city of the country side so if we think about the market so we might find that even in the food and health areas there will be five to six different set of limitations so different modes market, supply, each satisfaction, we need to have different resources to our business. So we need to really plug into the same type, we must earn the differences between different set of limitations. So the other thing to do is to satisfy as I mentioned just now, and co-operative innovation is in the mood in the past. So in the past, we've just been working to the product. So we had developed how we are changing our strategy now. At the beginning of the development of the new medicine, so we get all the stakeholders involved. So this is what we're pushing to the way for us to understand the market action. So, and also in this room, so we can do better products. In addition to this, we are also doing what we call the reversed inflation. So in the past, we've had what they did. American agist and then we produce it in China in order to reduce the cost. Now, this is not the only thing on the one hand we need to keep the cost competitive. And at the same time, we also need to satisfy the need of the local people. And therefore, now, it is not right to force to copy everything from the United States. And therefore, it is important to first identify the real Chinese people. And to use the magic, so we need to buy the Chinese market. So quite a lot of the CT equipment is now being produced in China. And they're exported to other Southeast Asian countries. So this is what we call the reversed innovation. And to emphasize here is cooperation. Corporations who deed offer great support. Always one thing is off to where it is. And another, and ours is off to where action is. So doctors and it takes a lot of time first to nurture a generation of really good doctors. So we need to have some innovation in order to find new ways to educate new doctors. So we cooperate with others. Now, so we are cooperating with others. So we have already signed an agreement with our partners. So that we can conduct a training program for about 5,000 doctors in the future. And in the coming two years, we're going to select about five places in order to launch some of the new projects in the medical service. For example, how to have a mammal. So it grants training for the women at the countryside side at the early stage. So these are the important things that we have to do so far. Very good afternoon to each and every one of you. Well, first of all, on behalf of Philips, let me thank the World Economic Forum for giving us this opportunity. And also to Mr. Chen and the Ministry of Health that's been working with us for many years in China in collaborations with many of the programs. And I'll talk about one of the programs a little bit later. With regard to sustainable health, and when we talk about Philips and sustainable health area, we always talk about well-being, the health and well-being of our people and our individuals and also as communities. Since the 70s, Philips has been involved with many of the stakeholders around the world, with many universities, institutions, governments, Ministry of Health with regards to this topic alone. And earlier we just discussing about innovation and what we call about in Philips meaningful innovations. When we talk about new products bringing to China, and particularly like Mr. Chen said earlier, how do we provide that into the rural and rural communities? And one example I would like to share is with regards to our early detection in breast cancer. As you all know, cancer doesn't matter what nationality, whether you are a rich country or a poor country, it's all over the place, right? And in China it's also an issue. And particularly in breast cancer, if you look at the incidence of breast cancer in women, in Caucasian women they peak around 65 to 75 years old, whereas in Chinese women there's two peaks actually between 45 to 55, and then another one between 65 to 75. So working together with Ministry of Health to work on the early detection is absolutely critical, absolutely important. So Philips with the meaningful innovation brought in the ultrasound technology that can be brought into the rural areas. We train physicians with our equipment and also our technology support, but we also work together with the China Medical Association, with their doctors, to train close to almost 10,000 doctors in the rural areas with early detection of breast cancer. And the last couple of years we've actually screened close to a million women. This is very, very significant. So those type of examples that I believe industries like us can help together, work together with countries, with governments, and enable us to bring more meaningful innovations into the market and help the population. And once that further is in the future, as Minister Pate said, in the prevention side. And hopefully that way we work towards early detection and we can work into the prevention side. Thank you. Great, thanks for that. Kim, one given Minister Chen's comments earlier about the perceived shortage or the need to fill, I think it was 12,000 professionals or health professionals that will be needed. Is there an opportunity to change the paradigm? 12 million. 12 million. 12 million. 12 million. 12 million. Wow, 12 million. Right. I missed 3-0. That's a magnitude. And now I know I'm in China. Welcome to China. Welcome to China. The scale is impressive. So given the need for this clearly very, very large population of health professionals, is there an opportunity to actually change the paradigm away from prescribers and physicians to health promoters, especially given the need in the rural areas and the scarcity or death of quality health services? And if so, what other venues should we explore, not just in China, but in other emerging countries for the delivery of health and wellness education that is focused on prevention? Okay, I don't know how we can help with 12 million, but I can maybe talk to you about a couple of pilots and a couple of programs that we've started up in Novartis. One, if I pick up firstly on the point of health care professionals, we've got two programs. One, a Rogia Parava, which we're conducting in India, and also another program that we're conducting in Xinjiang here in China. And basically what the programs look at is using community health workers and local educators to help actually educate school children, to help educate families, even health care professionals from school right into the health centers themselves, and also to take health care professionals from bigger cities out into the rural villages. And we're also combining this, for example, in our program in India with some sort of social marketing, because there's a lot of illiteracy as you can imagine in these areas. We take actually unemployed actors and we train them in certain disease areas so that they can act out how to know if you've got the first signs of, for example, tuberculosis or other diseases, and therefore help then triage them to these health care professionals that we've actually helped to bring out into these local communities. And this is all part of our kind of social kind of citizenship, if you like, corporate citizenship program and social programs in India and in China. And then sort of leveraging on from that, we've got another program in, primarily in Africa, which is called SMS for Life. And we've kind of coupled up with the telecoms industry. So, again, looking at this sort of Rachel's comment about cooperative innovation. We had a real problem there. We produce coartum, which is really the kind of gold standard, if you like, for malaria treatment. And it is really life-saving treatment. People should not die from malaria. And we were having a problem with the fact that there'd be a rainfall, that you'd have a kind of influx or an outbreak of malaria in a remote village. The mothers would take their children to the health centre. Quite often they would have to walk many miles. They would get to the health centre and there would be no life-saving treatment. So we were really worked with, again, the local health care professionals with their own personal phones. And now we have a system where they text in their inventory at the end of the week and then we make sure that they've always got inventory in these remote outposts in these health centres. So that, you know, if the mums can get their babies to these health centres, we know that there's going to be life-saving treatment. So there's another, I think, example of kind of innovation in terms of technology and kind of also using health care professionals to help with distribution of products as well. So if I heard you correctly, I'm hearing you suggest that Ministry of Culture, perhaps the Beijing Opera, could play a role in this. The Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Transport in terms of getting patients from rural areas to facilities or to points where they can actually access care and maybe the Ministry of Information Technology or Ministry of Communications could play a positive, supportive role. Absolutely. I mean, you know, it has to be said that without the Ministers of Health in these situations, we would not have been able to make these programmes happen. But we had to do an awful lot of work as well with the other ministries to actually make sure that we were well supported. Minister Pate, can you share with us some of, maybe some of the models or of prevention in health education that are occurring or have been introduced in Nigeria, in other venues such as schools or in non-traditional health venues? Yes, I think a classical example has to do with immunisation. A few years ago we had people resisting immunisation, cost-effective public health intervention. Now, using networks of community leaders, traditional leaders, women leaders, for instance the Federation of Muslim Women's Association of Nigeria, were able to get to remote rural areas for them to speak to mothers, convince them with important health messages for their children. Now, that's a veritable opportunity for other health interventions. Oftentimes, our issues for maternal health is lack of awareness of the importance of skilled mother tenders. So getting that information out there, using community-based networks and partnering with local government institutions, with traditional institutions, with all civil society organisations at the grassroots, I think is the way to go in terms of conveying the messages. But there are other elements in nutrition. The role of the Ministry of Agriculture. We're working with the Ministry of Agriculture to see how we can scale up the community management of acumen of nutrition. As a driver, that's an underlying reason for a large proportion of our morbidity and mortality among children. So that's a very critical part. Education sector, of course, the communication sector, the mobile which Kim mentioned, we also need to work with that. Talk about economic policies, sugar policy, for instance. When you're developing, therefore, a country for growth, what does it imply for non-communicable diseases? I mean, those interactions are not strictly speaking within the confines of the health sector. So in our own case, we're opportune to be part of the economic management team, and therefore we have got linkages. And it's a lot easier, I believe, than if we had been outside that space when economic policy has been developed. Minister Chen, earlier we were speaking about patient empowerment or people empowerment. And we're here in the People's Republic of China. What can the Ministry of Health do to empower the people at an early stage to make intelligent decisions about their diet, about their lifestyle, about encouraging their children to exercise and to play, about designing cities and so that people are encouraged to lead active, healthy lifestyles? Chinese government's healthcare policies since the establishment of New China has already focused on disease prevention as well as to cover rural areas. But now we tend to focus equal importance between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and to encourage the whole society to take part of it, part of the responsibility of being healthy. Because health is definitely everyone's responsibility. Since 1952, we already had a campaign about the hygiene in our environment in order to avoid transmittable disease or epidemics as Chinese cities are being further developed. We are also faced with great challenges of aging population. And that's why there are also challenges of chronic disease. So in the past, we tend to focus on epidemic disease. Now we are mobilizing the whole society, adopting similar campaign and structure to give enough importance on chronic disease of aging population. That is definitely one priority. Recently, Chinese government has been promoting a concept around healthy city. Originally, we simply say a very clean city. But now we tend to focus on healthy cities. And by doing that, we hope we can switch from focus to chronic disease, including enhancing our regulations of ban smoking in public areas. And also to encourage our citizens to reduce their intake of salt, as we all know in China many, the second death factor in China is stroke. And a lot of it was contributed by our high intake of salt. Diabetes is definitely also another poor killer in China. Originally, it was only affecting probably less than 1% of our population, but now it's been quickly expanded to 9% covering some younger generations. Well, diabetes patients are now amounted to 100 million patients already, not including some diabetic patients that have been able, that do not need any medication. So that was 140 million. We have won a lot of Olympic medals, but nevertheless the purpose of encouraging people to be more athletic is to encourage people to exercise more to stay healthy. So we have some advantage in mobilizing our people and citizens very quickly if we want to, because we have that system in China to allow the Chinese government to quickly mobileize people. I would have to say among developing countries, so we probably are at the forefront by 2010, our average longevity is about 74.8 years old, and in Tianjin, the average longevity is 81.45 years old. It's actually higher than many developed countries. The life experiences of many cities in China is definitely pretty good in Shanghai and Beijing. Like I said, China is only spending 5.1% of our GDP in healthcare, and many cities, they are not even at that level, that national leverage. I believe we definitely have room to further improve this. We have seen good results so far. In addition, there is one technology I would like to focus on is information technology. Recently, IT technology has been regarded as a very important aspect of our healthcare reform. Our electronic patient records have been able to cover 60% of our rural populations. Even doctors in rural areas are using computers to record patients' medical history. We definitely have good infrastructure for this system, however, we still have to step up in terms of our medical experts, so more sophisticated and experienced medical doctors are still needed in China. The situation of hiring more medical doctors in towns and villages are still not their idea. We hope by expending our input into medical schools in China, we eventually will be able to send more medical doctors to the rural areas. This is probably one way to meet the gap of the number of health professionals we meet in country-wide. In terms of job employment, we definitely have the ability to train more health for professionals such as nutritionists and psychologists, such as psychiatrists, et cetera. Ideally, we would like to have one nutritionist and one psychologist per 2,000 or 3,000 Chinese physicians. For that alone, we can create a lot of jobs for medical professionals. Thank you. It's exciting to hear that there seems to be emerging evidence that you may be able to leapfrog by leveraging technology, to leapfrog and achieve significant health outcomes and not be encumbered or burdened by some of the infrastructural challenges that other countries have, especially by deploying and leveraging information technology. Very quickly, Rachel and Desmond, before we open the floor, how are your companies leveraging IT and ICT information communications technology to enable that leapfrogging? Well, a lot. I'm sure a lot of you are more familiar with IT related medical devices, but actually we have four business units. One business unit is on ICT, medical ICT. Last year, we established a joint venture with Microsoft to offer a specific and dedicated ICT requirements that ICT requires from medical industries in many countries around the world, in China in particular. I see opportunities in the following areas. First, in large hospitals, it is important how they can enhance their efficiencies. Using more ICT, their efficiency can be dramatically improved. If you go to large and famous hospitals in China, you will see the whole lobby is packed with patients, and that crowdness can be alleviated to some extent if medical doctors can always get first-hand medical information and records as soon as possible. Secondly, through medical ICT, we will be able to allow remote areas lacking medical doctors to stay connected and linked with doctors in cities. That is what we call remote diagnosis. This is a concept that has already been widely discussed, but for example, this idea can also be further expanded into maintenance or repairing of medical devices because sometimes if a machine is broken in the city, you can send a technician, this broken machine is out there in Wudu-Muji in Xinjiang, then for me to send a technician to fix that medical device is going to take me one day and travel only. And that's why the diagnosis is not only for patient, but also diagnosis and repair maintenance that require for remote medical devices. Thirdly, the overall ICT or informatization broadly in the towns and the villages that will eventually cover each province and each city. This will require the government and the patient in the hospital to be quickly synced up when each piece of medical information and records is being collected. So I think this has much to do with how the system is going to be designed. A lot of hospitals are very eager in creating their designs in their ideal system, but the question would arise from how eventually these grand concepts can be further promoted. Earlier, Minister Chen mentioned about health education and fully supported about that, especially as you all know, children are our future. In Phillips, we take corporate social responsibility very, very seriously, and we have the support called Simply Healthy at School where around the world, we work with teachers and school districts and we will work with also the local folks and go and teach students about healthy lives, about clean air, about clean water. And at the same time, of course, we will upgrade their lights and some of the IT part. We will spend about five days in that community with our volunteers, actually employees of Phillips and also volunteers around. So actually to tell the truth, next month, just after the October holidays, I'll be going into Yunnan with about 15 of my colleagues. I will be working for five days in this particular school to help them educate the children about awareness about healthy living, the food, stuff like that. And as earlier, Minister Chen said about early prevention and in diabetes, to choose the right food, clean water, clean air, et cetera, et cetera. If any of you guys want to join me, you're very welcome to, but it's a tough five days. But it is wonderful. I think also felt that entire companies on the move to provide help also in the community and around the world. And that's not only in China, it's around the world that we're doing that. Great, that's illuminating thought. Okay, so I'm going to turn the floor over to all of you and I invite you to ask questions and please keep them short. Please make sure that their questions are not long statements. And we'll start off in the third row, fourth row right there, please. Let's get a mic over to you. If you can just stand up, just introduce yourself, your affiliation, and really a nice discussion on very important topic. I'm Afta Mahmoud from Pakistan. I would like to ask two questions. One is, you know, in developing countries most of the population is living in rural areas and sub-urban areas. And we also know that most of the diseases can be prevented. So there is a great need of awareness in rural areas and sub-urban areas. The other important thing is screening. Just like if we take the example of hepatitis there are 350 million people infected with hepatitis E. 170 million people are infected with hepatitis E. Sorry Afta, could you ask the question? I just want to mention that if we screen the population it will be very less costly. And if we go to prevent the disease and if we go for the treatment it's very, very expensive. So what measures the government sector and the private sector is taking for the awareness and for screening process? Thank you. Okay, so let's direct this question to Minister Pate. Could you just reflect on what Nigeria is doing too? Yes, I think it's issue of prevention. It's one issue which has not been very well localised in the contemporary health systems. We focus on treatment, on cure, on hospitals. Sanitation, hand washing, basic things, nutrition. Those efforts have been neglected. In the context of our country in Nigeria we're mobilising and from a coalition across public and private sector using traditional institutions, public institutions and governments at all levels of course to different degrees to reach those remote areas because the areas that you've mentioned are ones that are most difficult to reach and yet will have the highest payoffs if we're able to reach them with those life-saving interventions. And here technology will play a major role in terms of telephones. We've got almost 100 million Nigerians with mobile telephones. So how do we innovate in using technology to reach those remote areas with information? I think those are the kinds of things that we need to do going forward in order to reach those populations and focus on prevention. Good. Again, if you could just keep the questions short. Gentlemen in the front. Thank you very much. One question to Minister Zhu. So at present we have already started insurance against major diseases. I would like to know what are the future measures and how long it might take for us to implement the policy. Ladies and gentlemen, it is true that we have issued a document on the insurance against catastrophic major diseases. We think the framework of new rural cooperative scheme we started the insurance against major diseases such as leukemia, especially among the young kids and recently eight major diseases have been included in it including the breast cancer and and at present, cardiovascular diseases have also been included. So in recent months, we have been working on how to get the right funding to get enough funding. However, funding is not a main problem. What I'm more concerned about is the medical services we can provide. So for example, those who need special medical services, we must go to a complete hospital each week. And this is very difficult for some of the remote areas. So from now on, this will be covered by insurance in Jiangxi province. This medical services has been provided for everyone. So if you want to provide adequate medical services across the country, it is still difficult, but I hope that in the future, all these major diseases can be insured against and can be treated effectively. Thank you. Thank you. We've had a robust discussion. We have time for just one more question. If you could direct your, let us know who your question is directed to. And I'd also ask my panelists, if you, the respondent, if you could just keep your comments to less than a minute, because I know we're over time, but please go ahead. The gentleman who's been furiously waving his hand in the back. Okay. I speak in Chinese. A question to Mr. Zhu, I'm from Nature Conservancy. So we are protecting the areas of a biodiversity. The Hencun Mountain is rich in biodiversity. And at the same time, so there are abundant herbal resources in that area, which can cure cancer. So I would like to ask whether the Ministry of Health can take any measures in these areas in order to help the preservation of these herbal resources. And we know that in some areas and also in the South African countries and South American countries, they have very abundant herbal resources. This is a very good point. As a matter of fact, the Ministry of Health and State Administration of Forestry are making joint efforts in order to protect the areas abundant with natural biological herbal resources. And we are also promoting the artificial planting of these herbs in order that we can have more production of these herbs. And I think to do it well, we need to have the cooperation between different ministries and different governmental agencies. Thank you. Thank you for the translator for accelerating that translation. Wow, she's really good. Okay, so I'm going to throw out a challenge to each of you. I'll leave you with a challenge and that is under 30 seconds, if each one of you can tell me what commitment you are willing to make that you're representing your state or your company that will accelerate the sustainability of health systems, either in your company or in your state. Let's start off with the Minister. Under 30 seconds. I want to establish a system that everybody can benefit from health systems. So this is the responsibility of the government of the responsibility of the government and we will achieve the goal. Thank you. I think for no artist, we'd have to say that we'd say true to innovation and true to the passion for patients. We're focusing on preventing all preventable causes of morbidity and mortality among women, children, and everyone. Excellent. So yesterday, Premier Wynne, Wynne mentioned and confidence. Confidence. That. That's the confidence. And different state orders should take their own responsibility to do. And also particularly like Dr. Chen mentioned earlier, regards to cervical cancer, digital call post-copy, which is another area of meaningful innovation that we want to bring to the channel. Excellent. I just want to apologize very quickly. We have a reporter, a rapporteur in the audience, who's Anne Clymer Eiting. She's the CEO of Mid-Marx. Anne, if you could just very quickly stand up. I just wanted to acknowledge you. Thank you, Anne. And please join me in thanking all of the panelists. I think their comments were very enlightening. No pun intending to Phillips. An enlightening experience indeed. I think we've had some very interesting comments and thoughts shared in terms of what the states, especially in the emerging markets, what China, what Nigeria are thinking in terms of how they can accelerate the improvement and enhancement of the wellness of their populations. And again, in learning from some of the lessons learned from the developed world and what the private sector can do in this regard to catalyze that acceleration. So thank you. Please join me in thanking the panelists.