 a very good evening aspirants welcome to hindi news analysis brought to you by shankar ias academy today is 31st of march 2022 the list of articles we are going to discuss today is displayed on the screen first we will start with this article in this article we will discuss about a concept called vasudeva kudumbakam this is a very important concept you can code this in your mains answers we will first discuss about what is vasudeva kudumbakam and we will conclude by seeing how India can help the world achieve the target of zero hunger then we will discuss about indian tigers which is very important in prelims point of view then we will discuss about this article from text and context page here we will discuss about a boundary dispute between asam and megalaya and then we will see about space debris see this year space debris has been consistently in use and then we will conclude our session by solving some of the preliminary questions so without wasting much time let's start our discussion take a look at this editorial this editorial talks about a concept called vasudeva kudumbakam see as you know global hunger is on the rise and it is mainly driven by factors like the climate crisis the covid-19 pandemic shocks conflicts poverty and inequality millions of people are living in hunger and many more do not have access to adequate food and the fact is that more people are living in hunger today than in 2015 when the member states of the united nations including india agreed to the sustainable development goals we know that sustainable development goal provided a shared roadmap for peace and prosperity for people and the planet in the present and future in 2019 650 million people around the world suffered from chronic hunger which is 43 million more than in 2014 and since the onset of the pandemic the number of people on the brink of starvation has doubled from 135 million people to 270 million people in one year so here this editorial article talks about how india moved from chronic food shortage to surplus producer partnering the world food program it is done by using a concept called vasudeva kudumbakam let us look about them in detail before that the syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference you can go through it see firstly what is this vasudeva kudumbakam see vasudeva kudumbakam can be translated as earth is one family from india's traditional philosophical outlook see this concept has gained enormous relevance over the past 75 years since the united nation general assembly emphasized on the collective nature of the crisis and the need for a matching response most importantly at the core of the concept is vasudha vasudha means the planet earth and it describes how different nations from one collective and are unable to escape the shared bond of compassion and humanity see in 2014 u1ga address our prime minister stated that the traditional outlook of india sees the world as one family and that is linked to its vedic tradition of vasudeva kudumbakam this not only emphasized the importance of this concept for global peace cooperation and environmental protection but also for humanitarian response including rising global hunger and leaving no one behind see india have not only talked about this but proved this concept in many instances for this you can take the example of india's recent and ongoing humanitarian food assistance to the people of afghanistan through the united nations food program see 50 000 metric tons of food assistance in the form of wheat is being sent in installments to afghanistan through pakistan with the assistance of world food program in afghanistan the world food program has a large supply chain and logistic infrastructure in place with hundreds of trucks and people ensuring that food aid reaches those who need it the most and no one is left out as a result every contribution and engagement with the indian government saves the lives of children women and men in need this act is not only an example of its commitment but also a commendable step towards humanitarian crisis it is also important to consider this assistance in the context of the needs in afghanistan and apart from this as we know india has been a strong ally of the afghan people traditionally india has sent over a million metric tons of food grains in the past including 75 000 metric tons last year in partnership with the world food program and in the past two years india has provided aid to several countries in africa and the middle east or west asia to overcome natural calamities and the covid-19 pandemic see here you might have a doubt like how india moved from food deficient country to food sufficient country in addition to this it is also extending the assistance to other countries see india has made significant progress in food production over the years with the green revolution as you know green revolution marked an exciting journey towards food self-sufficiency in 2020 alone india produced over 300 million tons of cereals and has built up a food stock of 100 million tons the country has registered record harvest over the last few years with several enabling policies and incentives to farmers and in 2021 india exported a record 20 million tons of rice and wheat as india's food grain surplus continues to grow its food print as a key humanitarian food assistance player is also growing and according to the author we had made transition in almost everything like land reforms public investments institutional infrastructure new regulatory systems public support and intervention in agricultural markets and prices and agricultural research and this transition is now offering valuable lessons for other developing countries in asia africa and latin america having seen the transition now let's briefly see about some of the steps taken by indian government to ensure equity in food within india see one of the india's greatest contributions to equity in food is its national food security act 2013 we know that this act anchors the targeted public distribution system the midday meals and integrated child development services through these schemes today india's food safety net collectively reached over a billion people and there is another scheme called pradhan mandiri garib kalyan anayojana see this scheme was introduced in 2020 to provide relief to 800 million beneficiaries covered under national food security act from covid 19 induced economic hardships this scheme has been extended by another six months up to september 2022 and note that the total outlay for this scheme so far adds up to 2.6 trillion rupees in addition to this this editorial also talks about research conducted by the stockholm international peace research institute which states that the world food program contributes to the creation of peaceful conditions in four areas what are these areas the world food program strengthens social cohesion it strengthens the link between citizen and the state and it helps resolving grievances within the communities and between the communities we know that the noble peace price was given to world food program in 2020 this cited the world food program's role and the importance of access to food in maintaining peace india has made major progress in addressing hunger and malnutrition but still a lot needs to be done we must continue this path as the pathfinder in access and inclusion through public policies and systems for over five decades the world food program has been partnering with india and seen its transition from being a recipient to a donor however we must take note of the fact that india can do more in achieving the goal of zero hunger and equity globally by doing so we can embody the spirit of leave no one behind and vasudeva kudumbaka so that's all regarding this editorial now we will do a quick recap see vasudeva kudumbaka can be translated as earth is one family from india's traditional philosophical outlook the core of the concept vasudeva kudumbaka is vasuda which means the planet earth and it describes how different nations form one collective and are unable to escape the shared bond of compassion and humanity and we have discussed about india's recent and ongoing humanitarian food assistance to the people of Afghanistan through united nation food program we have also discussed how india has made significant progress in food production over the years with the green revolution and we have seen how india have transformed from a food deficient country to food sufficient country and we have also discussed about the steps taken by indian government to ensure equity in food within india the two important steps are national food security act and the pradhan mandri garib kalyan anayochana and finally we have concluded by saying that india can do more in achieving the goal of zero hunger and equity globally so with these key points let's move on to next news article discussion friends look at this news article this news article talks about the massive fire at the sariskat tire reserve in rajasthan see the fire is said to be under control but the firefighting operation would continue with the help of disaster relief personnel and echo development committees until the situation was fully brought under control this is the cracks of the news article given here in this context we will learn about indian tigers its distribution and the conservation status see this is a very much important topic for your problems so please pay attention to the discussion now let's start our discussion see first of all we need to know that there were eight subspecies of tiger that existed in the past out of which three have gone extinct for many years first we will know about those three extinct subspecies they are bali tiger javan tiger and caspian tiger see you need not remember every scientific names just know the common names now we will see the five surviving subspecies of tiger they are indian tiger which is otherwise known as royal bengal tiger and indochinese tiger cyberian tiger sumatran tiger and the south china tiger kindly note that the recent reports indicate that this south china tiger is also extinct in the wild see now our discussion will be mainly on the indian tiger friends the indian tiger or the royal bengal tiger is the largest member of the cat family felidae this magnificent tiger which is panthera tiger is is a striped animal that is it has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes it has black ears each with a winking white spot on the back it has a powerful forepass and a long banded tail and it weights anywhere between 135 to 280 kilograms note that the average lifespan of a tiger in the wild is about 14 to 16 years the royal bengal tiger is a combination of grace strength agility and enormous power and all these characteristics had earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of india see the indian tiger is found throughout the country except in the northwestern region also note that it is found in our neighboring countries like napal butan and bangladesh the diet of the indian tiger mainly consists of large wild angulates such as chital sambar bara singha nail guy and the gar see our indian tiger is an opportunistic feeder and can even kill large prey such as elephant cows see the tigers are found in a variety of habitats including tropical and subtropical forest evergreen forest mangrove forest swamps and grasslands now we will see about the numerical estimation process of tigers which is nothing but the tiger senses it is conducted at regular intervals that is once in every four years to know the current tiger population and the population trends see many different methods are used to estimate the number of tigers the most commonly used technique in the past was pug mark senses technique in this method the imprints of the pug mark of the tiger were recorded and used as a basis for identification of individuals see there is also a method for estimation of lion senses kindly find that method and post it in the comment section it will be useful for you as well as for others and coming back to the tigers the recent methods used to estimate the number of tigers are camera trapping and dna fingerprinting now we will see about the conservation status of tiger which is very important see indian tiger is an indian jet animal as per a usean and it is listed in the schedule one of wildlife protection act of 1972 this act gives the tiger protection against hunting or poaching and trade for skins bones and body parts any person who commits such an offense is punishable with an imprisonment of three to seven years note that it is also listed in appendix one of sites which is the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora so it makes international trade in tiger parts illegal now we will do a quick recap in this discussion we saw about indian tigers indian tiger or the royal bengal tiger is the largest member of the cat family feli day apart from india it is also found in our neighboring countries like napal butan and bangladesh the most commonly used technique was pug mark senses technique where the imprints of the pug mark of the tiger were recorded and used as a basis for identification of individuals and the recent methods used to estimate the number of tigers or camera trapping and dna fingerprinting then we saw about the conservation status of tiger it is an endangered animal as per iocn and listed in schedule one of wildlife protection act and it is also listed in appendix one of sites so that's all about this news article now let's move on to next news article discussion look at this text and context article this article talks about the asam megalaya border dispute see day before yesterday that is on 29th of march asam and megalaya partially resolved a 50 year old dispute along their 885 kilometer boundary so this article basically deals with how the dispute started and how the two governments that is asam and megalaya were handling the issue and finally how they arrived at a solution so in this discussion let us see all these points in detail now let's start the discussion first look at this map from this map you can see that asam shares a land border with arna chal pradesh naga land manipur mizoram tirupura megalaya and west Bengal of these bordering states asam has border disputes with arna chal pradesh naga land mizoram and megalaya in this discussion we will focus exclusively on the asam megalaya border dispute see before going into the asam megalaya border dispute first let us see why asam has border disputes with most of its neighbors look at these maps it shows the evolution of asam from 1826 to the present from the maps we can understand that almost all north eastern states bearing the former princely states of tirupura and manipur were carved out of asam in the decades following india's independence in 1947 see in most cases cartographer's lines drawn on survey maps did not match with the local people's perception of traditional boundaries so this resulted in a number of border disputes between asam and the states that were carved out of it post the independence having seen about asam's border dispute now let's come to the asam megalaya dispute to be specific see megalaya was carved out of asam as an autonomous state in 1970 and in 1972 megalaya became a full fledged state friends what act enabled the creation of megalaya do you have any guess it was based on the asam reorganization act of 1969 see the issue started when the megalaya government refused to accept the asam reorganization act of 1969 but why was megalaya upset with the act megalaya was upset because the asam reorganization act of 1961 followed the recommendations of a 1951 committee which defined the border of megalaya on that committee recommendations areas of the present day east gentia hills riboy and west kasi hills of megalaya were transferred to the carby anglong comroup metro and comroup districts of asam megalaya contested these transfers after statehood claiming that these areas belong to its tribal chief states now how did asam respond to this asam said that the megalaya government could neither provide documents or archival materials to prove its claim over these areas so basically both the states were contesting their claims this tussle went on for some time then after fighting between two states finally in 2011 the dispute was narrowed down to 12 sectors and the basis of an official claim by megalaya so this is about the asam megalaya dispute so far we have discussed about the basics about the issue now let us see how the issue was handled by the government so far see the first series attempt to solve the issue was made in 1983 in 1983 an official joint committee was formed the committee suggested that the survey of india should re delineate the boundary with the cooperation of both the states towards settling the dispute but this resulted in no follow-up actions now coming to 1985 in 1985 both the states that is asam and megalaya decided to form an independent panel but the megalaya government rejected the report submitted by the independent panel because megalaya claimed that the report was pro asam again in 1991 both states jointly decided to demarcate the boundary with the help of survey of india and about 100 kilometers of the border was demarcated by the end of 1991 but again megalaya found the exercise unconstitutional and refused to cooperate then in 2011 the megalaya assembly passed a resolution for central intervention and the constitution of a boundary commission but this time the asam assembly passed a resolution to oppose the move of the megalaya assembly but now the central government intervened the center made the two governments a point nodal officers the main role of these nodal officers is to discuss the boundary dispute and minimize the points of difference see even after all these in 2019 the megalaya government petitioned the supreme court to direct the center to settle the dispute but this petition was dismissed so from 1983 to 2019 there was just disagreements between the state and no real progress in solving the dispute was made the real breakthrough came in 2021 in january 2021 our home minister urged all the north eastern states to resolve their boundary disputes by august 15 2022 when the country celebrates 75 years of independence so finally in june 2021 the two states that is asam and megalaya decided to resume talks at chief minister level in these meetings it was decided to adopt a give and take policy to settle the disputes once and for all of the 12 disputed sectors six less complicated areas such as tarabari gizang ahim boklapara kanapara pillingata and ratachara were chosen for resolving in the first place my friends from the northeast please forgive me if any pronunciations of these areas were wrong now coming to the discussion these meetings paved the way for closure of the six disputed sectors on march 29 of these 12 disputed areas six were resolved according to the partial boundary deal asam will get 18.51 square kilometer of the 36.79 square kilometer disputed area while the megalaya will get the remaining 18.28 square kilometer that's all about this article now we will do a quick recap see in this article we have seen about asam megalaya border dispute we saw that asam has border disputes with arnachalpradesh nagaland mesoram and megalaya but asam shards a land border with arnachalpradesh nagaland manipur mesoram terpura megalaya and west pengal then with the help of the maps we have seen the evolution of asam from 1826 to the present we have seen that megalaya was count out of asam as an autonomous state in 1970 based on the asam reorganization act of 1969 we have also seen that from 1983 to 2019 no real progress in solving the dispute was made in january 2021 our home minister urged all the northeastern states to resolve their boundary disputes by august 15 2022 because the country celebrates 75 years of independence so finally in june 2021 the two states that is asam and megalaya decided to resume talks at the cm level and it was decided to adopt a give and take policy to settle the disputes once and for all according to the partial boundary deal asam will get 18.5 square kilometer and megalaya will get 18.28 square kilometers out of total 36.79 square kilometer disputed area so this is all about asam megalaya border dispute now let's move on to next news article discussion look at this news article this news article is regarding space junks see we have covered space junks in the past but we will be covering today also because the space junks are in news so many times as you know space junks are posing increasing threat to indian assets in space the indian space research organization is building up its orbital debris tracking capability by deploying new radars and optical telescopes under the netura project netura project is nothing but the network for space objects tracking and analysis see under this project a space debris tracking radar with a range of 1500 kilometer and an optical telescope will be interacted as part of establishing an effective surveillance and tracking network and the government has given the go head for the deployment of this radar it will be capable of detecting and tracking objects of size 10 centimeter and above note that it will be indigenously designed and built so this is the crux of the news article given here in this context let us quickly go through what are space debris see as the name implies debris are nothing but the remains of anything broken down or destroyed see generally space debris encompasses both natural meteoroids and artificial debris here meteoroids are lumps of rock or iron that orbit the sun just as planets asteroids and comers do and the artificial debris includes the human made orbital debris but the major difference here is that meteorites are in the orbit around the sun while most artificial debris are in orbit around the earth that is why the term orbital debris is also used for space debris created by humans see orbital debris is any human made object in orbit around the earth that no longer serves a useful function such debris includes non-functional spacecraft abundant launch vehicle stages mission related debris and fragmentation debris now see why space debris are a concern here see some space junk results from collisions or anti-satellite tests in the orbit when two satellites collide they can smash apart into thousands of new pieces creating a lot of new debris this is rare but several countries including the usa china and india have used missiles to practice blowing up their own satellites and this creates a thousands of new pieces of dangerous debris these orbital debris are in different sizes and note that there are approximately 23,000 pieces of debris larger than a soft ball orbiting our earth and they travel at speeds up to 17,500 miles per hour it is fast enough for a relatively small piece of orbital debris to damage a satellite or a spacecraft and note that even a tiny paint flecks can damage a spacecraft when traveling at these velocities see here fleck is nothing but a patch or a dot or a strain of a color a number of space shuttle windows were replaced because of damage caused by material that was analyzed and shown to be paint flecks only see in this article we have seen about space debris which are nothing but the remains of anything that are broken down or destroyed we have also seen that some space junk also results from collisions or anti-satellite tests in the orbit that is when two satellites collide they can smash apart into thousands of new pieces creating a lot of new debris we also saw that even a tiny paint flecks can damage a spacecraft when traveling at high velocities so that's all regarding this news article with these key learned points now we will move on to the next part of our news article discussion which is nothing but the preliminary practice question discussion look at the first question which of the following states have land border with Arunachal Pradesh Assam Manipur Nagaland and Mizoram you have to choose the correct answer see this is a factual question if you have any idea about the question or you can make any guess you can attempt this question see note that Arunachal Pradesh shares its land border with only two Indian states they are Assam and Nagaland so our answer here will be option C 1 and 3 only now look at the second question multi-object tracking radar sometimes seen in news is with reference to option A an orbital debris tracking capability option B radar used in weather forecasting and option C a stealth technology and option D none of the bow see the multi-object tracking radar is nothing but a radar which is operating from sea haricota range which can track nearly 10 objects simultaneously in a distance as far as 1000 kilometers in space this is something unique because the conventional radar spot a single object at a time so this is useful in many ways since it can deduct in objects at a time and in case space debris is approaching an Indian satellite the path of the satellite can be diverted to avoid collision apart from this this multi-orbit tracking radar will track different stages of launch vehicle simultaneously during nominal and non-nominal missions but the issue here is this radar has limited range for this reason only we are now indigenously building the new radars an optical telescope under the netra project okay so with reference to this question the correct option will be option a that is an orbital debris tracking capability now look at the third question it is regarding the royal Bengal tiger consider the following statements with reference to royal Bengal tiger statement one it is found only in Bengal and it is found only in India statement two hunting royal Bengal tiger can lead to a punishment up to imprisonment of three to seven years which of the above statements are correct see here the statement one is incorrect because we have seen that the royal Bengal tiger is found throughout the country except in the northwestern region and it is also found in our neighboring countries like Nepal Bhutan and Bangladesh and regarding statement two it is correct we have seen that according to wildlife protection act of 1972 hunting or poaching royal Bengal tiger can lead up to a punishment up to imprisonment of three to seven years so here our correct answer will be option b two only the main question is displayed here you can write your answer and post it in the comment section if you like the video hit the like button post your comments and share the video with your friends for further updates kindly subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel thanks for watching