 Russia likely staged an attack on the Kremlin in an attempt to bring the war home to a Russian domestic audience and set conditions for a wider mobilization of Russian society. Analyst at the Institute for the Study of War, ISW believe. The ISW states that several indicators suggest that the strike was designed by Russia internally. Russian authorities have recently taken steps to increase Russian domestic air defense capabilities, including within Moscow itself, and it is therefore extremely unlikely that two drones could have penetrated multiple layers of air defense and detonated or been shot down just over the heart of the Kremlin in a way that provided spectacular imagery caught nicely on camera. Geolocated imagery from January 2023 shows that Russian authorities have been placing fancier air defense systems near Moscow to create air defense circles around the city. A strike that avoided detention and destruction by such air defense assets and succeeded in hitting as high-profile of a target as the Kremlin's Senate Palace would be a significant embarrassment for Russia. The Kremlin's immediate, coherent and coordinated response to the incident suggests that the attack was internally prepared in such a way that its intended political effects outweigh its embarrassment.