 It's time for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. A presentation of the Lawn Jean Wittner Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world-honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope? From the CBS television news staff, Larry LeSerre and Winston Bredeft. Our distinguished guest for this evening is Dr. Howard Rusk, Director of Rehabilitation at the New York University Bellevue Medical Center. And Dr. Rusk, you're best known for your work at rehabilitating American Air Force veterans and disabled civilians. How did you happen to become connected with the American Korean Rehabilitation mission? Well, I was asked to go on this mission because I guess my name was sort of linked with rehabilitation and Korea was really a patient in need of such a program. I've had the privilege of going on missions into Poland and Israel and Finland and other places and Dr. Milton Eisenhower asked last March that I go over with a with a mission to try to see what the needs were and what we could do about it. And I said a very foolish thing when I accepted. I said that I would be glad to go to come back and make a professional report, but I would not get emotionally involved. You know when you've been to Korea, you know because you've been there that you never get it out of your heart or your mind or your backs of your eyes or your nostrils. And I guess I've spent more than half my time since the first trip thinking and working on the problems of Korea and I've been back once since. That's true. Dr. Rusk, may I ask you, is there any great difference between the rehabilitation of a disabled veteran or civilian and rehabilitating a war-torn country? Well, of course in our Air Force program and with our veterans program and now with our civilian program. We had a great medical profession behind it. We had hospitals and we had all the tools to work with and in the country that's been devastated like Korea. 4500 years of culture, never fighting a aggressive war in that time, then 50 years under the heel of the Japs and five years of freedom and then a country that's been fought over five times. It's very difficult because there aren't many tools. Greatest tool you had there was the courage of the people. Could you describe the health situation there, Dr. Rusk? What are the main health problems? Well, rather than give you a lot of statistics, I think that if you thought of any town of 25,000 people, Las Vegas, Nevada, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Jefferson City, Missouri, any town of that size, you destroy a fourth of the houses, you unroof a fourth. Everybody's hungry on an 1,800 calorie diet of three hops of rice and a little bowl of kimchi a day. Everybody's cold because there's only enough fuel to warm the food. Everybody has intestinal parasites and in the town of 25,000 there would be 1,500 with tuberculosis, 400 acutely ill. There would be probably 40 or 50 with leprosy. The pneumonia and sinus and cold would be 10 times that in our country. With that situation, with no water supply, no sewage, and one poorly trained doctor to meet the needs of that community, that gives you a little idea about the health situation in Korea. Dr. Rusk, I don't want to appear to be hard-hearted about it, but tell me, do you think that all this money that we're giving Korea is going to go down the drain or the people there really willing to work and rebuild the country themselves? Well, I can only say this, that in the more than a hundred institutions, orphanages, hospitals, leprosyria, all types that we've visited, in that period of time, I never heard a child cry, I never heard a man groan in pain, and I never heard a Korean ask for anything, except will you help us off our knees so we can help ourselves and continue to fight against Communism. I think that all they want and all they're begging for is an opportunity to work, to rebuild their country and to live in peace. Well, Dr. Rusk, the United Nations, I believe, began the job of rehabilitation in Korea, and we continued it with our recent appropriation of two hundred million dollars. Why is it that we're doing that by ourselves unilaterally, rather than going ahead with the UN? Well, we started with the United Nations program, and there were two, and one was called KACAC, which was Prevent Starvation and Unrest, and that was a program that provided the food and the blankets and controlled typhoid, typhus, malaria, and smallpox. And then the long-range UN program was to go in six months after hostilities, but the war went on so long that it had to begin earlier. But I think that we made this unilateral deal for two or three reasons. In the first place, the Koreans have come to love and respect the Americans. There were lots more of us there than any other people. They're feeling about the GIs and what they've done. The fact that our army is there to dispense and to give not only the money, but on a voluntary basis, the steam shovels and the bulldozers, and all of the things that they want to help the Koreans help themselves with. And last, but I think probably most important, is a tremendous respect that the Koreans have for the American people, primarily because we stuck out on a principle. We wouldn't send them back the prisoners of war who didn't want to go back. And I think that's the reason, and I personally think it was good. What about the GIs feelings about the South Koreans? Well, when I tell you that they've given between 20, 30, 40 million dollars out of their own $150 a month, when there isn't a Korean outfit over there that doesn't have an orphanage or a group of orphans or a hospital or something that they've done, up in Wijinbu, this last trip, right up below the 38th parallel, a beautiful stone church that the Catholic boys gave $7,500 out of their own pockets for the material. And they with their trucks and and all the mechanized equipment came in and the Koreans built this beautiful church. The Protestant boys built another one down in the valley and honoring all the Protestant dead in Korea. And these same boys in one outfit built 17 schools that had been raised. And that's true for one, but over and over again. It's, I don't think it's ever happened before in history. Dr. Rusk, I know that you've seen a number of Korean veterans clumping around those streets in Seoul with wooden legs. And I know also that you're the father of a very noble thought that there is no such thing as a hopelessly disabled person. But tell me, do you think that the rehabilitation of severely disabled people really pays dividends? I know it does. In our own experience here, and if a man's legs are off, the problem is no different, whether he's a Korean or a Russian or a communist Chinese or an American, his basic problem is the same. And we know from our experience that 90% of all disabled people can be taught to do some gainful work and can retain their dignity and their desire to live in their place in society. And it's no different in Korea. Dr. Rusk, we've read stories in the local papers just this very day, as a matter of fact, from Korea, which indicate that President Shingman Rhee has some grandiose plans for rebuilding his country with the money that the United States will furnish him. Now, will these interfere with your plans for the rehabilitation of Korea? No, I think some of the plans may be a little grandiose on the face of them, but actually, well, we've heard so much about Mr. Rhee. I think a lot of people don't remember that for eight years, he was a captive of the Japanese in his own country. And if he would show you his back, there's still the scars from the Green Bamboo beatings. And if you talk to the old man now and he gets excited or tired, he'll blow on his thumbs because he was in the string up for hours. And when you come down to be cruciatingly tender, I think he's neither a paragon nor a sinner. I think he's a great patriot. I think he's in between. I think that his country means more to him than anything in the world. He's a great student, you know. He's a very religious man. When he escaped, he came to this country and got his AB degree at George Washington, his master's at Harvard, and his PhD at Princeton in philosophy. And I think that the reason that he's talking about wide roads and these other things is the great desire for the Koreans to feel that they belong, to take their place among the nations of the world. I remember Mrs. Rhee said that two things that we'd like to have in Korea, we'd like to have a good hotel so the boys wouldn't have to go back to Japan for their holiday. And we'd like to have a hydroponics garden where we could raise vegetables that American soldiers would eat. And I think that's really the thing back of this whole business. Well, I ask you briefly as a final question, Dr. Roscoe. Do you think the peace is really going to stick in Korea or at least the truth? Well, I'm a hopeless optimist. Because of the courage of the people and because from the reports that come down that 90% of the North Koreans, they say would come across tomorrow, I think when the people want the peace and when the world wants the peace and when it's right and honorable, then I can't help but be an optimist. Well, thank you very much, Dr. Roscoe. It's been a great pleasure to have you here tonight. Nice to be back again. The opinions you've heard our speakers express tonight have been entirely their own. The editorial board for this edition of the Laun Jean Chronoscope, Larry Lecer and Winston Burdette. Our distinguished guest was Dr. Howard Roscoe, Director of Rehabilitation at the New York University Bellevue Medical Center. Every year about this time, the great arena in Medicine Square Garden comes alive with color and drama as international society assembles for the national horse show. 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