 We can start. Okay. So, Nagesh, hello Nagesh and Feroza. Good afternoon everyone. I'm Kalpana Kanan. I'm project coordinator for educational services at Outreach at Scale Project at IIT Bombay and I welcome all of you to this live session and today we have instructors of CS courses. Nagesh and Feroza and also they are also instructors for the latex course. They will answer your questions, whatever you have raised through the Google form. They will also answer your queries through live chat as well as you can if you have any question you can switch on your video and ask your question or through audio. So these are the general instructions and I'm sure many of you would have already started the course and if you have any good experience or whatever. So I encourage all of you to also share your experience in case you don't have any questions and we will try to answer most of your queries during this session and just general announcement that these courses are all self-paced courses. They are open, we opened it on January 26th most of these courses and they will run for four months so the last date of these courses are 7th May. So before that you have to answer all the quizzes and then only you will be qualified to get the certificate. And you have to also score the minimum required for getting the certificate. All that is mentioned in each course in the grading policy so please read the grading policies carefully and so that you get the certificate at the end of the course. So even if you finish the quizzes before you will get the certificate only after the course ends. So only after May 7th the certificate will be issued to you and you will be able to download it from your dashboard. So these are some general announcements. So in case you have any other questions during the session I encourage you to post it either on the chat or you can ask it live. So over to you Firuza and Nagesh. I welcome Firuza and Nagesh and they will answer all your questions. Over to you Firuza and Nagesh. Thank you all. Thank you so much. So first of all welcome for this session. Welcome everyone whoever is participating either through YouTube or through Zoom. Let us start with the programming basics. I would encourage you in fact if you have questions now you can even post it or you can directly switch on your mic and start speaking if you or you can raise your hands. I think there's a facility for raising right. More if you move. Fine. So let me now take the first one. I have set of questions here. Do we need any question? Okay. We'll answer that question. So first question here is how do we do we do we need to have do we need to have any pre-installed software or is everything online. Now so there are thousands and thousands of software available. But if you have a computer then you know if you are working on a Ubuntu machine you will generally have GCC installed on it. So naturally there would be a compiler and if you if you still want there are thousands of other compilers which are available can download and start installing. So but what we have done is we are following the standard compiler which is GCC and which is being used widely all over the world. So we are actually using that compiler itself. And we are not there are thousands of other like for example visual studio code visual studio and you know Microsoft compilers and Dave shared compilers right. More than C++ many are available. Now what environment you would have on your machine if you have GCC then it is the same thing that we are using and all programs will run naturally. I mean the way it is you know what output you should get they would be the same. So now the online compiler online interface that we have which is code board is also using GCC. So there's no difference in using either the online one or the one which we use on the computer. There are still online websites where they allow you to you know code so they also may be using GCC. So you'll have to you'll have to find it out yourself. But there are the thousands I mean whatever websites I mean quite famous ones like code chef and you know gig for gigs and others. I believe they are using standard GCC so you can use any one of them I mean and output will be the same mostly if it is not then you can cross check and figure it out why it is not same. So there would be somebody to answer your question right. So not everybody we can not all the questions can be answered by us but there's a huge community out there you know should approach and you know should get your queries resolved. What is the best book for learning programming basics. So I don't think there is any book for any best book. I would say so so if you are if you are a beginner I would say you can learn some small small concepts do not do not go by one book you know you just learn one concept if you want to learn just learn one concept and then try to actually program it use some logic change you know you once once you code it in one fashion think whether you can improve your code you know so this will help you in searching for different kinds of problems and for a solution which you may you may come up with right. So then compare your solutions with what some of the books may give you or on the website or gig for gigs or or even stack overflow where you can raise your queries. So I would say you have to struggle right when you say I want to code then it's not that somebody will teach you coding though we have video lectures in some particular fashion right and but I would not advise you to to say that this this is the final truth or some of this programming or whatever we are teaching but I would advise you to actually explore explore more and more because just one type of asset is not enough so I would I would say maybe stack overflow even if you don't understand stack overflow sometimes so happens that people people post something and you don't understand so try to try to you know try to understand a bit but if you don't understand it's okay it's perfectly fine but then but then there are so many other posts at least 5% you will be able to understand right so that builds up your logic right so because when you discuss with others or somebody is actually giving you some pointers you know you start to think and then you start building your solutions so this actually helps you in learning and nobody can teach you programming that that's that's one thing I want to tell you so so so don't don't rely on one particular thing the course is there why we have why you actually release this course is because we have methodically done it one after another right I mean we're trying to do it so there are there are various ways of you know you know exploring probably sequential the way we have done is little bit sequential and you will say like okay so after this you do these after this you do these you know it's little bit little bit of showing you the path but then finally you know it will it will depend on you you know how in which direction you want to go and how you are going to figure out new solutions so lot of lot of exploration is required I am not saying that you need to explore so much that you will get frustrated tomorrow but at least little bit of enough exploration so that you don't you say to yourself that okay I have I've been able to clear my concepts at this point right so there are various so programmers life is not not a very happy life or not a very sad life it is a up and down where there are a lot of frustrations and again you become happy and then again you try to fall in you know some ditch and then you come up again you know it's it's a part of life so I would advise you to be happy if you think that you are not able to solve something you keep on looking you know there is a solution of course we have a discussion forum you should ask questions or you know somebody can respond even your own peers can respond right I mean there are it's not that knowledge is only concentrated in in big big institutions like IITs or something like that yeah so knowledge is everywhere right so take it from everywhere wherever you get it yeah okay so let me take how to build logic to solve problems yes the best best thing to do is not to even consult anybody first okay so if you want to say I want to build my own logic to solve a particular problem take up a problem which looks it looks to you that you can solve it maybe I'm not able to solve but it's okay but then now you try to come up with a solution okay so don't don't consult any website don't consult any of your friends or nobody and then you start building a solutions okay that's that's the first starting point that's the first starting point after that when you have built a solution you are you are happy okay I have done my work right so now you start looking at you know some whatever is available you if you have a book you find that particularly particularly some concept you know related to that problem that you're trying to solve will be actually there somewhere so if it is not there it doesn't matter so you can go to Wikipedia figure it out right and then you compare compare your way of solving a problem and and somebody has solved it in some other way okay so this will help you in you know building your logic because directly if you go and read and you know it will be like somebody is dictating to you so the best thing is to you solve yourself very nimbly okay so do not think about solving in a very efficient way because that's not the best way to do that is only after you know the same problem can be solved in hundred different ways but at least four five different ways the fourth or the fifth way you are you're going to solve that will actually take a little bit of time and then if you are if you solve some good amount of problems you know then then any new problem won't be that difficult to solve because now you're actually trained yourself right in in using a particular logic in solving you know where where are the various cost associated how much efforts is required to actually you know to write a code and all that so so this is how I think you should build up your logic rather than directly reading a book or directly reading a website I mean I would not advise you because then you would actually keep on reading keep on sometimes what happens keep on reading keep on reading keep on reading and then you don't do actually a practical you know the practice that is required on one side you have a pro implementation another side is the actual logic that you're going to put and implement those things right so both both become very important in practice right something is working something is not working that you have to fight with a compiler so so this is how I mean I would I would put that you should try to give enough thought in the beginning to solve your own problem without consulting anybody and then you feel okay I need some help now I need some help means doesn't mean that you call somebody and say I need I need some help that's okay but then you figure it out for yourself that you help yourself okay so read read read read and then come up with something else and then talk to the friends and then you know stack overflow there are a lot of things you know I would say it's a 360 degree angle that you have to keep rather than just one place you're not going to get everything how do the graded how do we do the graded programming can you brief about that okay Mansi what problem are you facing are you not understanding the problem statement or you are not understanding how to submit your programming assignment excuse me ma'am I am not able to understand the how do we have to submit the program okay so I believe we are in programming basics or we are in object oriented programming I am in object oriented programming so say for example you have to submit graded programming assignment but there will be a problem statement written so once you read that problem statement there is a code board an ID in which you have to write your code you don't have to write any print statements have you seen code board yes ma'am I have seen that code board but I didn't understand the part that I don't have to use the print statement so how basically will I write that you just have to write the logic you don't have to write so let me just go to the object oriented programming course me an example or something so that I can if you have if it's possible both the object oriented and programming they have very similar interface that input input is all supplied internally there is some problem here so input is all supplied internally so you have to see that if you get that particular output that is specified so the logic has to be put in between right so what is given is input and output is given so let me share the screen I think this is applicable for even programming basics if at all some of you have problems I think that will get resolved so currently we are in topic to practice programming assignment so if you see this is a problem statement which is given over here this is a structure which is have a student structure carrying these three variables and the task is to write a function initiate student which will initialize a structure and do something and this is the main function which is already given consider this main function is already written in all the programs main function is already written so you don't have to write what does it say you need to write two functions one is this function and one is this function each will have its own functionality first function is you have to initialize whatever the input coming is going to get initialize for that structure and then the second function if you can read it is highest score that means I am not reading it but at least it will tell you the idea that you want to find the person who has scored the highest probably ok so you can go and read it so the output you know that what could be expected from this would be the highest score or something like that so now when you go to the next unit if you scroll down there is something called as code code over here which says student dot cpp you have to open this and you can see that the structure is already there and we have two functions already you have to find over here what you need to do is just write the logic which will do what is specified in the problem statement and the main code the main function the main function that you see mostly you write everything in main sometimes you know it is a small program that is actually hidden so that is not shown here and once you write this you hit the compile button so currently there is nothing written so just one second the compilation is successful because there is no syntax error if you click run if you scroll down it says expected grade 0 and it will also tell you input and output so what input did I mean what output did you get so for this particular input 3, 3 number of students 3 these are the students so it is telling checking function of highest your output because we do not have any code written so it says empty and experted output is student desert offer with 24 marks so it says output does not match and the non graded test case one has failed similarly you will have other test cases and graded test cases so this way if you are going wrong somewhere in certain part of the logic you will be able to figure out what and where is going wrong ma'am in this way we can check it for the graded one also because correct because every time you run the program and every time you submit the program the tests are different they are on the same lines but the tests are different you can run your program as many times as you want there is no limitation you can run even 100,000 of times and your latest score will be countered okay towards the final grade okay thank you ma'am I got it thank you let's move to chat structure this one able to understand the function which is already in practice programming questions I am not able to understand what you have written sir we are not able to understand the functions which is already in practice programming questions what does this mean can you please elaborate Khushboo sir I mean to say that the functions already as you have told what is written in it as you are reading when you are reading the scene you don't have to include then how are we doing we don't have to write scene and see out because we are already passing the values in the function so the value you want you are already getting through the function so if you directly use the variable then you will get the value and we don't have to write see out because it will interfere with our grading because we only need outputs okay ma'am so what we are doing is that we are giving new functions so those functions you have to write so what it will do is that it will return the value you understand so either you have to return because if there is an int prototype I mean before the function then you have to return that will be specified or if not it will be passed by reference as an argument so that way we are capturing those values and then we are doing whatever you know that doesn't matter how the input is coming and how the output is going you should not think about it if you want to write a function in which you have to add two numbers then the function is sum int a int b so num1, num2 so now num1 and num2 we are already giving you variables what you have to write in the function you have to add so answer is equal to num1 plus num2 and you have to return it so the next statement will be return answer so your task is only answer is equal to num1 plus num2 and return answer the rest of the things how to do input how to do output we will handle them you have to write the statements in the function okay ma'am thank you ma'am applying for fall 2021 admit for further studies deadline deadline for the application is before 7th May how can I show that I am doing this course yes I think if you are so we will be giving you certificates then one week so they are all accepted everywhere and you can the university of whoever would be able to check the link so it's all digitally certified so I think I answered your question query from youtube chat so is it word to learn our programming in today's world in python okay very good question so there are different languages different types of languages like for example Spanish language was mostly used for business you understand then French language was used mostly in my lawyer's court you know English language was used mostly to socialize the different notion of why you should use a particular language so in programming also there is something like that so when you see C, C++ C actually gives you procedural way of writing logic where you don't have objects you just have variables and you want to do something with it when you come to C++ everything remains same but you are adding objects now now you are doing something with the objects so there are some additional concepts now R is also another type of language but R is little high level language so where you do it is mostly used for statistics so where you will not worry about printf and you know c in, c out and all those things are not there so there would be some ready made functions now even for C, C++ you can write library functions which can give the flavor of our language so it is possible so now what python has done we can see what is there in C++ what is there in Perl and what is there in Ock Shell even the Shell programming constructs and python language has evolved now python itself has having some fundamental core elements now it has extended with some libraries additional libraries so python by itself doesn't do machine learning so the core python is like the core C is core C in C also you can do machine learning in python also you can do machine learning you understand so where these libraries become very important so now if you are over the web so if you have already learned C, C++ then python is nothing so you can just switch on and you should be able to learn that won't be a problem so now python generally is used at the back end mostly mostly at the back end where you want to write small code and you need to fix something very fast so languages have evolved over a period of time so like there was old fiat vehicle before so now you have Mercedes then came something else now better better vehicles are there now like that but the operation is the same you are driving very similar there is no difference even if your grandfather or my grandfather rode I mean drove it during 1930s and now if you are driving it the operation is almost the same so there is no not much difference except now driver less cars are coming where you don't have to do anything you will just sit and maybe drive programmer less languages also may evolve where you don't have to do anything you just wait so I hope I am trying to answer your question so today's world demands everything I mean it is not that you don't do see there are lots of applications where when you are talking about something very close to very close to the computer architecture so every computer is not the same I mean the architecture differs so you need drivers for them so drivers are actually written in C you cannot write in python or you cannot write in other languages so C and C++ actually talk to the hardware so well so when you learn C I will tell you you can actually become go into embedded systems you can also move to python so that is why we still feel C is closer to hardware and as well as I mean it can you can even do web I mean you don't actually do write in C to do web programming but if you have an idea you know what is programming obviously you will do something better so the flexibility I mean you can go here or you can go there embedded system or programming for semester of my engineering excuse me sir this is Yash Ghoda sir my mic wasn't working previously so I couldn't ask about the application of the deadline the previous question so my deadline is 1st of April even if I finish my courses like before 1st of April I won't be able to get the certificate according to what ma'am said before this so how can I overcome that that was my question you have to talk to our team maybe Urmila or somebody should be able to answer this but we may have to take that decision so we will get back to you let's see if we can get some provisional certificate of some sort yes ma'am that will be very helpful because my course is financial engineering and for that I need C++ and python sir I am not committing anything right now we cannot commit at this point I think if you can write to the support Urmila you are there if you can write that email address course support at IIT Bombay whatever course support at IIT Bombay X13 I think we will try to see what can be done okay sir but there is no 100% guarantee okay sir no problem sir thank you sir yeah thank you so another person is saying I think Ravi Kumar Singh yeah Ravi Kumar Singh saying that he is demotivated right because his classmates are far better very good and he is not able to program well I think we should never care because see it is once you say you are demotivated okay so one day full day we will get wasted tomorrow also you will say demotivated so like this it will loop and 365 days will be wasted so better don't think about getting demotivated just think that okay I don't want to get demotivated I want to learn something so I take up something and start learning start to do something so I think that is the best solution such good medicine rather than getting demotivated because in fact if you see there are so many people who are richer than us so if you think that we are demotivated because they are so rich then we would not do anything I think this is happens everywhere but I think there are smart people enough to actually come out from this kind of things and that is how they survive and that is where the wealth generation happens right you should take it very positively and you can start today tomorrow anytime but I don't think you should keep it for even more than a day about how to get why you should get frustrated or demotivated or any sort of thing that will hamper your own thinking right the best thing is to start something build up your good logic there is no point in getting demotivated I think in fact those people who are good in programming one day probably you will be able to talk to them and then that discussion becomes very important and then there will be a faster way of you know knowledge transfer that can happen from them to you from you to them probably we don't know right so don't get demotivated please post no I am math student I just started see how I build how do I build my logic in C so how do you have a logic in mathematics when you are proving something so you do not have a logic or you just prove it are there not set of statements one after another that you have in mathematics or computer science is nothing different than mathematics and logic is built in mathematics itself am I right or but probably you are thinking so there is one thing like A is equal to B right A is equal to B what happens in this case is that A is equal to B value of B goes to A right in mathematics maybe you are saying A is equal to B as a different value meaning so I think there are very few you know differences other than that it's all logic right so for for building your mathematical machinery right you need those logic proofs and all fundamental theorems and all that stuff so for building the machinery for programming you need this this kind of concepts you know like defining a variable then you know defining a variable then defining a function somewhere the function will do something send you compute something send it to you there will be a main function somewhere if you follow this I think you should be well of because you are a mathematics student and many of the programmers many of the computer scientists initially were mathematicians and electrical came from mathematics as a mathematician I mean they were mathematicians they became computer scientists and they were also electrical people who became computer science people there was no computer science computer science in that time so you have to rely on something else and you build your knowledge that's how I would say I mean like the way I would learn mathematics or like the way I would learn something else philosophy maybe so I have to whatever I know I have to figure out ok is it applicable is it not a I have to throw it no I cannot say because I am a computer science people computer science person everything should get applied in the other area right so everything may not get applied if you are a mathematics student some things actually do hold right very well mathematics it's much more closer to computer science than anything else sir which are all the programming languages that must be studied no as I said you need not study all the programming languages but you study the concepts behind them that become very important like in C you have procedures so you are doing very well with procedures functions these are the concepts right these become very important they help you you know because of all this constructs you are able to write a program right now oops now C C plus plus you have oops in C C plus plus so there you will you will have to understand what are oops right so like a family is there family the child child is born the child inherited from a family some right you know this right I mean like this you know the parents also inherited from their grandfather right from their parents so likewise the people have built some concepts like oops where there is inheritance almost similar to what we see in our life okay so much of the things are very close to you know so you will have to associate these things you know when you have to learn you will have to associate to the nature or you know something that you know very well and okay so C C plus plus java then you don't have to learn actually java C C C plus plus is almost the same only some 10 lines may be different and for which you will say that because these 10 lines are different I have to know it is not correct so you can do go away with C C plus plus then then there are other kinds of languages like for example pearl if you want to be closer to what you say automata okay or formal logic more more on the logic side then there is something called as regular expressions try to learn those regular expressions and apply it using a language called pearl and if you actually do regular expression in C then it will take very long very large program you have to write so that is where there are certain languages which does that very well right there are other languages there are other languages like there are other languages like yeah Scala is later I mean quite late quite late which came then before I mean there are other paradigms like for example one I said was procedure, procedure oriented then oops then functional programming okay so there are different way how you so everything is a function there right so if you want to study you study in this fashion so I will study okay procedure I touch one language one language you learn procedure maybe see then oops try to understand this concepts then functional programming how is it different than this kind of program right then there are other languages I mean like logic program so where only set of statements are there so if you have studied I don't know I mean we've always had something called as prolog and you know there are lists and things like that try to see you know different variants you know where you will get to see finally you have to get satisfied okay I can do this in this I can do this in this I can do this in that right so and then then you know you know which one you are going to take tomorrow right and where is that you are heading right so that is where you should know my master's course is financial engineering where I need C++ and python so do you know specifically which part of the course will help me I think you have object oriented programming course so that should help you I understand what you mean by financial engineering so these are called in computer science you have a course course in a sense we call it subject here so of course so you must be calling subject so we have a subject called numerical computations right so where in financial engineering what you would do is that you would naturally do use algorithms you know related to I mean like rangekutta and all those simplex and whatever algorithms are there in addition to that there will be optimization problems so that is where that is where I think you will have to focus optimization problems and and either use C++ or python doesn't matter because there are equally I mean you can still write in both the languages right so so this course I believe but this course is not meant for learning you know numerical computations what we are teaching we are teaching programming right so for numerical computation there is a separate course right I believe what is that you mentioned financial engineering that is why yeah sorry there is a hand raise yeah please send us an email on okay thank you what is matlab and where it is it is you excuse me sir yeah sorry who is that yeah sir the previous question the financial engineering one so sir you will mention that there is a separate course for numerical computations so is it there in IIT Bombay X only no no we don't have but that course is generally taught in every engineering colleges okay so IIT Bombay does have actually like I am a I am actually a mechanical engineer so I haven't been part of a core like a computer or even in computer science it is taught in every engineering you will find that is taught because it is very important so that itself is not enough okay so can you suggest my some books or like online reference material from where I can study these courses yeah so briefly I mean I actually learned there is one nice book which is but it is too much to read so there is something called numerical recipes in C plus plus numerical recipes in Java or you know or C C plus plus numerical recipes in Fortran so that is a very very classic book to read if you want to read you can read that okay sir numerical recipes I think it is available online also free of because it is a very old book okay sir yeah thank you sir pleasure I believe in IIT Bombay we don't have that course I think that is left to probably I think in 12 standard you cover many of those things nowadays I think so probably they don't have that course I'm not sure about this at this point or you can study on your own what is Matlab where does it use so there is another so Psylab Psylab is a version of Matlab so it is open source Matlab you have to pay money and things like that so I'm saying why if you happen to if you want to use Matlab and if you don't have enough finance to support your license then I would say use Psylab now where Psylab is used in you know like this kind of calculations you know numerical calculations high end calculations where there are already functions which are already written specifically for it right so you want to multiply two matrices you don't have to define them you don't have to do anything just you know very briefly you should be able to multiply in no time right that is where you use Psylab and Matlab right so you know so when you know that even the rockets rockets which are you know you want to position your rockets you know every time there is a calculation that is done so firing boosters based on based on what is the position of the rocket right you need a very precise calculation if you try to write this in C and C++ it will be too much so there is there are specialized toolboxes in Psylab in Matlab Psylab and things like that where you use so that you are able to do some precision calculations okay maybe one fraction of you know 100 digits 200 300 400 right so so the applications are very different and there are other other applications industrial applications where machines are built CNC machines and all that so where you need good precision so in such cases you would need those kind of you know well written packages like Psylab and Matlab Matlab even in if you want if you are studying mathematics you can use Matlab or sorry Psylab and find out whether it is really true right you want you want a graph then you will see that you get a graph oh right previously we did not have any software so we used to draw a graph to see whether it is properly done now you know you can write some two lines probably and then you see a graph right so you are verifying mathematics also physics also, physics calculation, mathematics calculation so many things right so I am switch 44 so I am almost finished this question which question were you on yeah so do you have any more questions I mean this group I mean whoever is there are there any more questions or you can interact and you can sorry hello time limit may be extended may 10th is given time limit whether it will be extended or same time you mean the may 7th extension completion of course that is actually difficult because there are see we have other things in the pipeline that is the problem so we want to generate certificates then if we extend for one then other people will get into I mean they will not get certificates right then we have other set of other things which we are planning after the after the end of this course so other activities may get hampered so there is some things in pipeline that is the problem no but if at all I mean if you know some rare cases it may it can happen but I don't think it can get extended yeah which programming physics you can use MATLAB I have seen people using Fortran I have seen people if they are using Fortran then they can use this also CC++ because there you need to do a lot of other calculations and physics when you say level 11-12 or even undergrad level physics I mean you need to go deeper to understand so for example you want to say I want to do some randomization gas randomization or molecules randomization which randomization algorithm you can use the ones which are standard are not meant for it so you would need some packages if not available then you will have to write those algorithms so you can do it in C also you can do it in Fortran you can do with Sylab also but if you need very specialized algorithms then you would you would need other I mean you will have to write write from scratch which language is used for AI you can write in CC++ any language AI doesn't have any language I mean AI is how you the way you solve the problem that is AI but people say it is AI and it is still not AI it is still deterministic so you can still determine unless it is highly random so when you say AI I mean when you say intelligence intelligence is something which you never thought of and then suddenly you see something happening so that is intelligence rather than you know exactly what is going to happen so where is the intelligence so any language you can use for AI but there are specialized libraries but before using the libraries you should know to use any language so that you are in a habit of programming so that is why we say that just using a fit is not enough there are psykits psykits and I don't remember now there are lots of machine ML kits available in Python in C++ also so you can so language is not a must for AI right so AI is coded using any language so that is what you have to understand rather than saying which language should I use I mean how does it matter right of course when you talk to human being you have to understand which language you have to use based on who is going to talk to you right so okay so so if somebody wants to comment how should I start to code I think I have said it right in the beginning I don't know whether you are there this is I mentioned it I had mentioned it right in the beginning and I felt that was the most important I understand but this is getting recorded so you will get the final you know the video so to keep it brief what I would say is that how to code is you have to start coding rather than okay so little bit of basics are important after that I think you should start developing your own logic and start coding and see what you know what output you get how is your logic is it well written you know you talk to yourself and then you start talking to your friends rather than initially talking to your friends initially talking to initially looking at both initially only looking at website or initially only looking at Wikipedia that will confuse you so I would say that take up one problem and try to solve it yourself and that is how the practice that you need to do which is required for you to inculcate in your if you want to become a programmer then that is very important you should do that rather than you know taking help from others but of course you take help at a later stage when you feel that you have done your job now okay let me compare myself with others it's like that and not to feel shame that okay my logic is bad oh somebody's logic is much better it's not like that he has also gone through that phase okay so initially I mean your logic should not be the best it should be it can be naive logic and it is actually required that it should be naive so that you know how to reach to another level okay so so directly you don't jump on a tree you will take a ladder and go on the tree so very similar you know you don't jump unless until once you know that okay I can take a ladder go on the tree and then you say okay can I build a structure after that right okay then so you understand so it's like go step by step and I think that will solve your problem which level of math is necessary for coding no it's a basic math coding just see if you see what is there in coding coding does not need a high-end calculations right so you are actually saying a complex problem okay you are breaking it into low-level calculation actually in coding if you see what you do is that you generally will see even looping if you want to loop 200 times 300 times right in mathematics you don't loop 300 times do you write 300 times same thing again and again no right see in coding what you do is that you make a loop and then you say that okay I want to go 300 times but you write only one statement right that is the kind of logic that you need I think so and that logic is generally just plus or minus and division and subtraction so minimal high school mathematics is enough that is where you can start so you don't need very high-end integration differentiation nothing is required okay so I would say that see I always wanted I want this session to be very interactive in fact if you want to express some thoughts you are welcome and if you really have you want to discuss something more then we can talk on it so I have another interesting question so somebody has written that usage of quantum computing in mainstream technology and if so will languages like C or any other ones which are prevalent now be useful okay so no matter whether quantum computing does something with qubits and they are not just zeros and ones but then there will be an abstraction now the abstraction will be such that it will try to have all of these languages all of these languages should work otherwise the work which is done for last 100 70 or 80 or 100 years of building these languages is gone so I don't think because of quantum everything is going to change so the same things are going to work but what is going to happen at the quantum is very low level not even at the physics level it is much lower than physics much lower than electronic devices that you have today so the basic functionality would remain the same and abstraction of the processor processors are going to be the same only thing is that they are going to be faster so I mean all the languages are going to work I am claiming it let us see for another 100 years if I am alive quantum will not be it will take another 40 to 50 years to actually come to that level and I don't think you have to prepare yourself for this because I will be very happy if you like quantum computing and start working on it because there is a research going on and there is a lot of I think the only two algorithms which I have heard of is Grovers and some other algorithm which I don't remember now but that is very nice which all sites are used or apps are used and which all are programmed no everything even your washing machine has a having some language right everything is having a language if it does not have programming means you are programming it right see that when washing machine came when washing machine came and then the person who came to the house he said it is all programmed right what does it mean it means that it is coded in some language it is coded in some language there is also fuzzy logic inside there is also some EAI which is they have written it is coded in some language so any device that functions normally not abnormally but I can say little bit of intelligence any device which does something other than normal things I mean normal in the sense if it is moving if it is automatically happening like a robot which is moving right so there is a language inside so everywhere there is a language right so because it communicates finally what it is doing washing machine communicates to you that the clothes are washed that is the communication even communicates to you that it will take 30 minutes to perform this that is the communication no you do not need more communication right so languages are used for communication finally even a robot which is cleaning your room is communicating to you telling you I am cleaning here can you see I am cleaning right so it is a language which is allowing some communication happening between you and the device right so there are other communication like now nowadays you have fire stick and you know wifi is you can watch amazon you can have echo you know amazon echoes and things like that lot of other things are you know coming up in the market so this is also communication right making your life little easy so all of them have languages I mean languages in the sense they are coded for certain functionality right what we are doing today what programming we are teaching you what programming we are learning is general purpose computing now with general purpose computing logic you should be able to program anything any device probably just I mean to program a washing machine you should know what is the processor that what are libraries available you know what are the libraries available what are the different ports of the washing machine ok how do I activate drum how do I wash how do I use sensors so that is embedded right embedded system ok so now we have actually are more people joining somebody has asked which sorting algorithm should I use for faster sorting I think you should never ask this question first of all you have to see what is your application when you say you want to sort faster suppose I want to sort only 3 numbers I want to sort very fast faster in the sense you want something faster in some complexity right right so how would I decide how would I myself decide which one to use it is only an experience if you say I have used this algorithm I have used this algorithm and I have used this algorithm then only I should decide right I think you should not I mean so now sorting some small numbers insertion sort is the fastest that is what I mean you can you can look at it but if you want to sort some millions of numbers millions of numbers and use even use quick sort like for figure it out which one is faster so see if you ask this question actually it is like saying I go to I mean just trying to think I think so I go to a hardware shop and say that give me some tap which is faster I don't know so I don't think the person will be able to answer tap how can I tap this faster so then you have to see what is the size inside right what is the volume of water which is coming out of that so these are the typical specifications probably you will have to look at so here also how many numbers three numbers four numbers I think you should try and you should explore it yourself then compare there is always a theoretical competition comparison that happens and you also have I mean you can do a time comparison also okay so there will be more people joining so who are the new people who have joined just now after three o'clock you can just say hi at least now for Amrit we raise the hand Malakrishna yes Malakrishna if you have questions maybe I mean I can take let's see whether I am able to answer you can unmute your mic and speak this Malakrishna he has raised you have raised your hand so there is a hand raise or you have said hi so you can unmute and you can start speaking somebody has mentioned lectures are very brief can we expect it more explained actually if I give you lot of information it will be overdose so we have kept it very brief because you have a chance tomorrow to come back and visit it and then explore further you can go and explore further but if I give you everything then it will be overdose so that's not a good thing and it is very difficult you know one system cannot give you thousands of things it's all over the internet thousands of things are available and then at some point in time when I was probably maybe first year of my engineering my learning resources were different second year was different after engineering my resources changed I have different resources so we have provided you something which is good enough and if you are able to cover within that span of time it will be faster and then you choose your own resources there are thousands of resources available everybody is having mind intelligence we want to see that happening because you yourself should be able to search and find out for yourself and that is you know what do you say in Hindi paro pekada apne paro pekada like that you know so your mother also you must be expecting everybody must be expecting that so something like that I don't know whether I addressed it well but that is what I am trying to do every day you know I am trying to stand on my own fit you know every day I am trying to do that it is not right when you are studying or when you go for a job but I think you have to do it every day and that doesn't change okay so is there somebody else I mean I want little bit of interaction if somebody wants to communicate somebody wants to say something about the course because I don't have much questions as and when questions come probably I will try to sir you have muted by mistake sorry sorry I just muted it by mistake okay so so I would like if somebody can you know can I can I get somebody here who can talk something about what is your experience about the course how is it happening what I mean how are you coping up with during this you know online mode of education or whatever so I would like to have some some feel about your way of working you know the style of learning and that is what I want to learn from you if you can somebody can just unmute your their mic and start narrating their experiences I would be very happy so if Sanju Santosh wants to say something somebody saying please talk about fuzzy logic or soft computing actually all these are jargons for me because if you so just talking about fuzzy logic just talking about soft computing I think you can go on the internet and you can actually look at it I mean you can type on Wikipedia and it will give you much better definition than my definition of all of this probably though I will not go and search so but the only thing that I see that they I mean people have used this terms and they have soft computing at least I mean I have never done anything you know and there was no need of everyone doing anything in soft computing right so so people have used it people have used it so like in conferences they have you know soft computing now what is soft computing they will list out all of this and inside that you will find fuzzy logic this logic that logic ok so these are jargons I mean there is no point in knowing this kind of words so fuzzy logic at least I mean you will get a lot of you know you can figure it out on it's not binary right it's not 0 or 1 there is a probability associated I mean if you read you will come to know why 0 and 1 is not good and why you want to say ok slightly better slightly better ok not better right so generally we need when we say in washing machines and all you know you want to know how dirty is the clothes how dirty are the clothes right so you need to apply I mean certain maybe more powder is required more more rotations are required so that is where you know the applications where you can use it but I don't think I have I am here to talk about fuzzy logic but I mean you can explore I mean that's not very difficult I mean you can go and keep it I think that's the starting point if you want searching for fuzzy logic that means you might have already done a course in AI ok so I expect that your foundations in AI are quite good and then only you should look at fuzzy logic otherwise there is no point you will just learn the definition and then it is of no use I am not talking about even machine learning so AI there is separate course where they teach you a lot of different algorithms and if you want through it then probably fuzzy logic is ok ok so so is there somebody who wants to say something I need to understand what are your experiences for this online course and probably which course you are taking am I audible am I audible I have actually tested my connection here it is 35 mbps or it is around yes sir you are audible yes yes thank you so if you want to say something I am very happy you actually sir sir I have started the data structure just I have done only two or three sessions so it was started from mid of January but somehow I have done only two or three the first assignment I am going to submit tomorrow sir that is good experience I am understanding the concepts as well so it is overall good experience sir and where are you from sir I am from Mumbai only I am teaching in Thakur Polytechnic Thakur Polytechnic you are teaching her for polytechnic or you are teaching for engineering no sir I am teaching for polytechnic polytechnic basic electrical engineering I am teaching over there good to know thank you sir so is there somebody else I mean Vijay Lakshmi Vijay Lakshmi Magdoom you can unmute yourself and start speaking because without unmuting it is not possible okay hello sir hello yes sir I am actually taking two courses right now foundation of data structures and implementation of data structures I have started foundation of data structure I have given a completed one assignment I have to start the rest so I mean what was the assignment and how did you I mean were you able to complete it yes sir actually I have taken one more course in the last semester of oops so I know the basics of how to complete like how the ID works that is what I mean to say so you know our style that is what I mean okay so somebody else Akash I was actually have had a problem for internet you know there was network issue at my place I mean go actually and I was planning whether I could go on a beach side and sit with my laptop and conduct this session and luckily I contacted one of the colleges and now I am here so this is the kind of thing which I had to do you know since yesterday so is there somebody else Akash or Aniket so you can unmute yourself and start speaking so I are there some questions anywhere Divya Jaffer Ahmad Khan Jaffer if you have something to speak you want to share I will be very happy I hope I am audible Jaffer to you yes sir oh yeah why don't you speak then so actually I haven't started the course yet because we have completed the basics so we are going through the basics first and after few days we will start the course okay so you are okay you are okay with whatever you are doing I mean is it you are happy right so can I ask you a question Jaffer yes sir can I ask you one question yes I will try so you are doing what course data structures no sir we are learning the basics of C and C++ oh okay so learning the basics of C and C++ okay and which part you are studying now as loops actually sir we are direct second year students we are actually we have done diploma in engineering and now we are directly admitted in the second year okay any type of programming okay so that is why we are going through the basics first and then we will go to the data structure okay okay so this is your first first time you are learning a language have you learnt it before no no sir so what do you think about the loops I mean you said something about the loops right yes sir what is your thought process sir in order when we want to print a number of statement a number of times so we use loops for example if we want to perform the addition of like odd numbers or even numbers we want to find prime numbers up to element we use loops so there is we put a lot of statements in that okay okay and what do you think are the crucial elements of the loop I mean so it has to start somewhere it has to end somewhere right yes sir okay if you want you can answer yes sir there is something called body of the loop okay good and what else is there there is actually we initialize and give the condition and give increment yeah yeah yeah yeah so there is something called a precondition and the postcondition if you have come across precondition postcondition very useful because it tells you to terminate yes it has to enter and it has to terminate right so that is very important otherwise your loop is going to be infinite loop you may not come out okay so you have to focus on certain concepts and things are easy so don't worry okay Jaffer or do you have something else to say no sir not yet we haven't started the course so I don't have any doubt yet I thought in fact we started quite sometimes right how is that you are still on the first I mean the first week or second week is it because it started in January 26 January 26 right it's already one month over and this is the second month which is passing by so is there somebody else I mean would like to narrate your experiences you have questions you can ask let us know Shruti Savant Sanju Santosh hello sir good to hear you what good to hear you thank you I'm not very good at communication communicate in English so I don't know what to say or response which language would you like to communicate in I'm from Kerala so probably you don't know my language Malayalam and you have Konkani also no no no some Kerala people speak Konkani okay I was okay okay so why don't you speak in English only so that we will try to understand each other I think that is easy I don't speak you know English so I I don't know how to have to response or something yeah okay so say something say something that you want to you know express or whatever you have one to comment so I don't know how I can't hear you which course have you taken I'm taking the algorithm course and I actually taken three courses but some technical issues I'm only in algorithm I also taken the both data structures I think it was implementation of data structures and foundation of data structures okay but I'm only on I don't know some it's a part of my college or something so I try to try to contact them they are checking on them okay I think through college he registered you registered through your college yeah so have you started looking at algorithms course I'm just started that so I don't have much to give a comment or feedback okay it's good pretty far okay so like you are like have you seen the first session yeah I'm completed first section so I don't know how it works I'm I complete the first first thing you know first video and moved on to second video you know what I mean okay yes yes I got it yes yes okay good continue watching the with the say discussion forum because that is how we it's useful that you can communicate and then you have your peers talking to you I mean as I said initially you know it is initially it is your discovery you have to find your own path right I mean presently it's like I mean look at this kind of a COVID situation right and so you have to so do not anybody first right that's what I said right so try to mind the logic behind it then once you finish it right then once you feel that you are satisfied with your work whatever it may be a very small problem very small problem then you go and look at the books you go and look at Wikipedia if you want you go and look you can talk to your friend right and then then try to gather information from them right that is how your logic is going to work you understand yeah yeah okay fine I think you missed that part I mean we had a very nice session in the beginning you joined just now okay so good so are you I mean so are you I mean are you so which networks you are associated with like are you on any social network or are you on some technical networks like tech or flow what is that sorry sir you are talking to me or what yeah I am talking to you yeah I don't mean I don't understand what you just asked you are I don't understand the question okay so do you have a whatsapp group somewhere I mean where you discuss about you know the maybe programming or something like that do you have whatsapp group I don't have whatsapp group for the programming stuff I don't have that kind of group okay okay mostly on you know social media so something if I have any doubt I just google it right okay you google it that is also nice yeah today is all 360 degrees no so I mean you can look at only one place you have to look at 100 different places and do not get disappointed if you don't understand anything it is fine perfectly okay one day it will come but unless you struggle it you put some efforts it is not going to happen right so even we have done the same thing you know last 20 years and today still I am putting efforts right as I said I am trying to stand on my one foot so it is a very continuous process okay so so let's move to somebody else hello sir yeah hello hi hello sir hi yes sir sir I have a doubt sir okay sir my doubt is I gone through your lectures and your that assessment process your assessment that papers and that that is very good that question level but I think is I gone through all the first three lectures but when I am attending that quizzes and all I need some more knowledge means need to read another book or go through the other lectures on YouTube or something else so what I I want to ask is sir is there any other study material or any book to read sir that I am doing foundation of data structure sir yes yes I understand I think what see so whatever assessment we have it is not directly applicable if you see whatever we cover yes sir yes that is correct yes so if we do that then it is only recalling you know knowledge recall you say generally you say I want to just remember things so we generally avoid that so what we have is little bit of application where you have to spend some mind you know doing something because just to remember things I believe you will remember somehow but if you have to apply it if you don't apply now then when you will apply you understand I know that is a actually in generally it so happens then that in IIT Bombay you will never find anybody asking you what is this and what is that or explain something ok that is those questions never come right so I have even seen exams happening for 9 hours 10 hours ok so internet is available to you you can even watch movies during that time and then people are giving exams and exams are running for 9 hours 10 hours spent to you know one full day now in this case also we have it open right I mean you can search anywhere actually if you want you can search anywhere right you can search on the internet but we have not copied from anywhere so you may not find anything directly so that means you want to search and find an answer to it you will have to apply some logic no yes sir yes yes yes directly I mean if I give you everything then what is the what is that you can I mean what I am saying is your assessment is very good means I give one first that triangle one problem and all that is very good but I need some means theoretical knowledge for that to apply that so I need to search on something else that was I am asking but that is all mathematics right mathematics is a prerequisite no no that is I mean I need some more knowledge about the coding related part means I am understanding that logic and all those things but when I am implementing in the program so I need stuck there so that's why I am asking related to that where are you stuck actually means to apply in the program apply in the program yeah you would need to apply but I think if there is some specific question that you want to ask us you know very specific question regarding where you are stuck and I can get you out of it maybe I can try to do that yes yes yes ok so if you just tell me I am stuck somewhere I don't know where you are stuck so I will not be able to help you right yes exactly if you actually tell me I am stuck here that particular point ok sir you can also put on discussion forum I will some somebody will be able to even guide you there ok sir sure sir thanks ok sir thank you so much so is there somebody else somebody mute I mean yeah if you want to somebody wants to ask a question now is other questions here yeah yeah yeah yeah initially for yeah our meeting got over so are there questions here ok please tell me about competitive programming I am generally I know these are important for you but I think we are not addressing competitive programming here but actually I believe what is happening is competitive programming for me is like a rat race ok there are good questions there are ok so I am not the right person to answer that though there are courses on competitive programming I have even seen in our institute so IIT Bombay you have some courses but they are not actually what you say core courses right so that is the place where people apply things it's like you have a course it's an elective kind of thing or a second level kind of course and then you have you know you apply a lot of techniques to solve certain problems and things like that so that is well beyond the scope of what we are teaching here and I would say that though it gives you good pleasure to apply and actually to keep your mind open and you know solve some new new ideas coming up in solutions and then there are other students also having solutions you compare the solutions I mean you need a good discussion you know you can as I said in the beginning you know you only solve something for yourself you will not reach anywhere you have to discuss you have to discuss which appears you have to discuss with your teacher you have to discuss with everybody take everybody's view and then you form your more kind of you know life I mean the view beyond such problems you know what kind of problems how do I apply do I need to use this technique do I need to use some other technique like that you know so what what are the kinds of problems that you are trying to solve you know I mean in the competitive programming generally we have you know a lot of brain stressed kind of you know will stress a lot of power of your brain so I know it's slightly different but struggling with data structure course what do you think that we have to do as extra stuff thank you okay so the first course data structure course that we have that is foundations of data structures it is only about logic even if you are not able to prove anything at this point it's fine perfectly okay but you have to understand what is the difference between the stack and the queue now have you understood that difference or not like that you know if you are able to understand whatever is you know conveyed in those lectures like there's something called a tree there's something called as a stack there's something called as a queue and there is something called as I don't remember but okay so and now you know that these are the operations which can be performed in this kind of data structures if you are able to understand this much enough it's more than enough I would not say to prove something though we have material where we say okay prove this prove that and all that stuff reverse of reverse of queue prove it right okay it's good to prove but may not be required and that is only when you want to go more theoretically theoretically a lot of you know advancements you know if you want to do research okay then you need you know the proof proof is your background you know like it's a backbone right without proof nobody accepts right so the foundation of data structure course is trying to teach you some data structures which are available and in addition to that what are the different operations for the data structures and then it says okay like we prove it prove it in such a way that it holds right so that is what is being conveyed right the student can actually move on to understand like when you do research probably you have to prove everything right even you even you say oh my algorithm is the best nobody will nobody will even think nobody will say that that is true I mean nobody will care right so you have to prove and you have to prove how do you prove that is that is how what is what we are trying to teach you in the first course the second course that you have which is implementation of data structures that is the point where you know you have to actually code okay so there are ten example number of examples you will find there lot of lot of material and lot of even you might have seen the vada power Mumbai vada power problem okay so so I will tell what is so different about this course is that every problem every problem was created you know so that we could address something right and every you know variations of the problems were also created right and we took the we have taken that course at a very low level if you see and if you and if you have problems I think I can address so let me know if you have problems in the implementation of data structures because that is where you would be needed you would require it the most because you have to code you have to see for yourself that data structures are working something is working but you are not going to prove it's fine it's perfect right and so we are not covering dynamic programming but what generally is done is like you actually break the problem into small small, small, small, small and then you solve those problems right and that's how that's how computer science is right I mean it's not like you have a big problem and you solve only that problem so you make the problem make a small, small problem and each small, small problem all of them look very similar and you are trying to apply some technique right so that's you're dynamically doing all this right so simple and explanation may not be enough you may have to so that's another kind of half an hour half an hour kind of lecture so is there something else hi is that Viresh who wants to say something and then he is muted hi sir actually I'm learning this dynamic programming concept really facing a difficult during the problem to problem solving means from one problem to another problem I'm just facing a difficulty in this dynamic programming so that's what so what problem are you facing actually this Fibonacci series is some example what I understood under this okay so can you can you do one thing can you actually see framing a question is the most important thing so if you can frame the question properly because see what we say is that solution is not important we generally say solution is not important if you are able to frame a problem question very well then you have understood many things 90 percent okay so I would say that if you are able to frame that problem nicely with all those constraints what is the problem having sort of constraints and certain initial conditions and you want some outcome right so if you are able to frame it I would say that put it on the discussion forum you can take one full day or two days probably you know because framing a problem is not easy so once you do that okay we can look into it how to use python for do research review, writing, research paper easy review to learn it I am not understanding what is the connection between python and doing research are you talking about research in python programming language or you are talking you also mentioned writing research paper so how to use python I am not understanding so if you can please frame it properly okay so there is no connection between python as a language and writing a research paper so for writing research paper we have another session which is at four o'clock I mean not exactly writing research paper but that is a language which is used which is latex now if you want you can join that session at four o'clock we have that session so if you can ask that I mean so that is how research papers are written okay so in python you don't write research papers okay so can we have more questions research on python somebody saying research on python okay so if you want to do research in python I mean that is like saying okay I will ask you one question okay who is this Vidya from youtube okay okay I will ask you okay sir okay I will ask you one question so when you say I want to do research okay if you actually ask somebody can you give me a problem research problem I don't think anybody will be able to give you impossible that is the first reaction anybody would do I am asking you take okay research on python I will try to answer some people say I want to do research in this area in fact nobody will be able to give you a proper problem that is the first thing second thing second thing you have to know that area very well okay like for example if you are staying in say say Mumbai and you want to do research in some flooding so when there is a problem you have to do do research now in Mumbai we see problem flooding problem what a flooding you know that there is a problem right where it is flooding it is flooding here here there there it is not flooding anywhere else if it is not flooding anywhere else you don't consider that so you have to know where it is flooding then you know you have to know where it is flooding and how it is flooding all this question need to be answered so it is a very big area so here you are able to detect flooding easily saying that there is a problem flooding problem there you are able to detect because you are able to see it but if you ask me research in programming languages then there are hundreds and thousands of sections different areas and you have to meet those people probably what is the other one I am asking latex so latex is a language to write papers, books journals, articles so the session is at four o'clock and if you have a very specific query you can ask have I made some sense of whatever I said does it make is it okay or do we have some more query question with you you can speak very cool no I don't know no carry on ok sure you cannot any problem ok ok thank you thank you ok if we do not have questions then we can take a break for 15 minutes 1 hour 45 minutes so at least I get some credit right I was actually planning to sit on the beach side and record and have these sessions but luckily I got a place where I am seated now so I would have enjoyed both right so let me ask our own team Urmila is there who is there Sushant is there Urmila I think I think maybe 5 minutes break 10 minutes break shall we take so we can take so we can start at 4 o'clock yeah exactly 4 o'clock late at we will keep this open right I mean we will not disconnect ok so they can leave the session right now and if there are late students they can join after 10 minutes there are late people they can be there and if there are others want to leave they can leave thank you so much hello everybody so welcome to the interactive session on latex so before I take up some questions I would like to ask whether you would like to ask any questions if you have or you can post on the chat hello hello hi yes I am Malavika so the course is really interesting but one thing I would like to ask is regarding the graded quiz number 3 the last question I don't remember the question but it is related to the the numbering if I am not wrong it is related to itemize and enumerate yeah that is the one and there in the question you had given this thing it should be written as a space dot and you had asked there are some options and we have to click on one of the options now the options whatever the option I wanted to click on is none of these because none of the commands would lead to that a space dot that was not there but then I got the answer wrong because I clicked none of these okay I just wanted to know whatever is shown over there I can get back to this question specifically I just need to go back to the graded quiz once and tell you specifically what were the options given over there then I think you will understand yeah I am just navigating to graded quiz 3 it is the last question the last question yes yeah so it says the following is a later code written in the space list 1 comma 2 comma 3 etc so can you post this on the discussion forum since it is a graded quiz I do not want to inadvertently tell the answer yes I know that so you want me to post in the discussion forum yeah and we will get back to you as to what if it is really an error on our side or if there is a problem in your understanding okay okay fine fine yeah that will be there I have also listed one question in the google form that you had asked to share there is one more question which I had listed it is regarding to the command slash large small l a r g e large so when I was using this command there was no response I mean it did not change the font size did not change could you share your screen if you have it we can solve it immediately I will take some time I will take some time I will do it once you are ready do get back we are there at least for half an hour yeah okay okay fine thank you is anybody else okay then what I will do is I will start taking questions which are filled up in the form so can we use latex for regional languages example tamil yes you can use it we are not covering this in the course but there is a polyglossier package which you can use and you have found spec package what we can do is after the end of the session we can post a sample on the discussion forum about how you can use regional languages how you can typeset regional languages in latex as you are aware whenever we are compiling building latex code we are compiling the dot tech file and generating a pdf file so we are using pdf latex for generating for generating regional languages not just regional languages any other language apart from English you would require an engine called z-latex x-e-l-a-t-e-x so this is what we will be using we will give a small write up so that it will be helpful for you next question is how is this course and its certificate useful for me this is a very specific question in general this course can be taken by anybody who wants to write books, articles students who are writing thesis submitting projects so what is the advantage of latex over word which is another question and I will combine these two and answer is so suppose you are writing a research paper in word not exactly in word in any other text editing software so you will write a research paper and you will format it as per xyz style now after some time you will submit the same research paper naturally you will not submit it to one conference you will submit it to multiple conferences so you will have to take that same file and you will modify it as per that and you will have to do so many things whereas in latex by just changing the style of the conference you can within no time you can generate a paper in from one format to another format there are other advantages as well like itemization like automatic numbering automatic numbering of sections subsections, citation it is a hell of a task it is a lot of task to cite references in other text editing software as compared to latex so this course and its certificate to answer this question it will be useful it is very easy if you are going for thesis and other stuff so it will be good for you and generally now all colleges also they want their students to type their thesis in latex and presentations in beamer so I hope this answers the question how to draw graphs so there is a package called TIKZ which is used for drawing graphs, charts etc since this is a basic course we are not covering it but do make a note of it it is TIKZ there is another package called PGF plots which is also very helpful in plotting charts so using these two packages you can do a lot of stuff okay let's go to the next question which is what is the difference between beamer and latex so beamer is a document class of latex so while you are writing documents so article is a document class book is a document class similarly beamer is also a document class so when you are typesetting a book you write document class as a book but when you want to create presentations when you want slides one box, second box, third box etc which are slides or frames then you use the beamer document class so difference between latex and beamer is latex is actually the engine you use beamer as a document class to create presentation slides I hope I have answered this query how to include images from different folder okay so you would include suppose a particular image say ball.jpg or ball.png which is in the same folder as that of your .ex file you would write slash include graphics and in curly braces you would write ball.png now suppose if it is in a different folder from the current directory so you have a folder called images and then you have all images under that directory so in include graphics command you would write images slash ball.png suppose you are having many images every time you don't want to write images slash ball, images slash xyz.png then you can define your graphics path right in the beginning the command is slash graphics pth and in curly braces you write the path so like images and then when you are actually writing your when you are actually writing the include graphics command that time you just specify the image name and it will take the path from the graphics path which you have specified next question is how to align a table column based on the decimal points ok so till now in the sessions which we have seen is you align the tables based on you know left, right or center so you will write L, R or C now if you want to align the table column based on the decimal point you have to include a package called SI unit X and then in the alignment so instead of L, R or C you would write S so for that particular column you write S capital S and that particular column will be aligned based on the decimal points how do you change the color of the entire document so in the sessions which we have seen the command is slash text color so instead of writing slash text color just after the starting of the document that is after slash begin document you write slash color and in curly brace write the color name and your entire document text will become of that color so that was pretty fast these were the only questions which were put up in the form so if anybody else has a question say Malvika are you ready with the example which you are the large query yes ma'am I am ready so shall I share my screen yes yes please do some but it is disabled okay Sushant could you please give rights for sharing the screen can you please check now madam is my screen visible yes yes visible so let me go back to the command for example if you can see these are the bulleted list the points that I have now I put the command from here the content with whatever I have written I put the command as normal size so it changed to normal size but suppose if I put the command large then it doesn't change it changes but the entire thing changes I only one personal appearance to change I don't want posture, gestion, facial expression to change I got it can you show the code yes this is the command so I have written normal size over here now everything changes to normal size yeah so what you do is just before the normal size open the curly brace just before normal size yes okay yeah yes and after personal appearance use the curly brace no the entire paragraph I want it as normal size the entire paragraph so then just after the entire paragraph okay so at the end of the paragraph I will put the curly brace close the curly brace okay and recompile it but it seems that everything has become is the same size personal appearance, posture everything can you go back to code and let's see whether the code is working so instead of normal size can you make it huge just to see whether it works because it could be everything would be in normal size by default okay okay huge okay yeah so if you go to see that particular paragraph it has become huge so I did not put the curly bracket and that is why everything changed uniformly so fine then it is fine madam thank you so much I got confused over there yeah so this is a catch where you are dealing with font sizes so place the curly brace before and after the before the command starts after the paragraph okay okay thank you so much ma'am thank you yes anybody else having a doubt Chumki Biswas yes Ishfaq Ahmad you have raised hand hello ma'am yes hello myself Ishfaq Ahmad I have a question suppose if we have if we have written an article in the later and suppose we have user s symbol say lambda in the whole article now if I want to change this special symbol lambda to another symbol say some sigma is there any command which will do automatically instead of doing this manually no no actually I did not get your question very much what you want is that when you are creating a symbol lambda instead of lambda symbol you want a sigma symbol yes first in the whole article we have written sigma or lambda I want to replace it okay so then in text studio so you can use the find and replace method in text studio just one second control yeah so okay so in text studio so I am just talking of specifically text studio in text studio if you press control R you will reach out the find and replace tool in which you can say find slash lambda replace with slash sigma and what you can choose is there is a there is a okay let me just share my screen so this is my text studio are you able to see the screen yes ma'am yes so here I will write lambda and here I will write sigma and and then you make sure that this particular button is clicked so it will search for whole words otherwise you know any word which in between also if there is a word having lambda word that will also get replaced so you can just click this box so that was that means it is highlighted and then you say find and replace I mean replace all but just be little careful where while you are doing this inadvertently you should you know not change something else but this is a quickest way to do it okay okay and one more question is it possible to include a pdf file yes so to include a pdf file you have to have a package called pdf pages okay to include a package called p how do you increase a font it is reasonable ma'am okay slash use package pdf pages and then when your actual document begins you write slash include and then the file name so whatever is your file name okay so this will include your entire pdf a file if you want particular pages so in box bracket you write pages equal to say 1 1 to 10 comma and then say 23 you know you can specify range of pages also here okay okay could I pose one more question yes yes please how to write a text in begin align and align mode you mean the mathematics mode yeah yeah I want to include some text in slash begin align and and align so there is a command like slash text and I slash text if my mathematical mode starts here and here math text or the slash text could I get back to you on this in the discussion forum okay okay it's either slash text or slash math text sorry for not knowing the exact syntax okay okay yes thank you yes thank you any other question any other question no ma'am thank you okay thank you yes yes joki hi ma'am good evening yes I understand the concept of how to use it but actual time we use is there any way other than you know doggedly practicing is there any way I can ease my way to use a lattice there is ultimately commands everything is going down the dream jovey yes sorry so do you have any suggestion you know the learning curve can be ease the little yeah so if you see on IT bomb bags on the tabs there is a cheat sheet if you use the cheat sheet you can take a print of it on an A4 paper and you can keep it on stick it next to your desk or your table so that you can refer it whenever you want to so that would ease out your way of not remembering so it happens if you see even just now I did not remember that particular command because I am not using it regularly if I use it regularly I will definitely remember it so till the time you get a test termed and till the time you remember some basic commands you can stick the cheat sheet somewhere near to your workstation so that you can refer it any time you want right right maybe why I was thinking there is a whole combined list of commands like I saw the pdf so I was thinking to print it out and stick it but then what is better is I select those commands which I will be using regularly for my article instead of working on mathematical equations a lot that would be good because I remember it better right right wait okay thank you so much thank you you are teaching very well thank you so much my learning from you thank you so much I see Smita Tolani would you like to ask a question or share anything with us okay Rakhi Patil Sheetal yes yes Rakhi good afternoon ma'am I have just started the course of fundamentals of data structure and I just did one video so as of now I don't have any such doubts so when I have anything I will get back to you okay are you also enrolled in latex no no okay so currently this session is of latex and fundamental of data structures was from 3 to 4 okay okay okay okay thank you I see one person yes Sheila Dhande do you have any questions did you just join sorry if I missed you actually I was having lecture before that till now I am a teacher I am teaching in KJ Somya College of Engineering so I was having my lecture till last time ma'am I wanted to ask one I have one query ma'am can we download or latex is there any kind of open source software for this because I could not find it do we practice on a browser based kind of editor do you use windows do you use windows yes yes your link is given but I could not go ahead with that in PPT you have given some link right ma'am yes yes so what problem are you facing in downloading latex now I am not able to recall because I tried at the beginning itself then I did my practice on a browser based kind of editor I don't know what do you want to try I could not run it I don't know why do you want to try it now or maybe when you try again you can post it on the discussion forum we will answer it there okay fine ma'am I will do that yes I will just repeat the process once again you will have to download mctech, install mctech once mctech is installed then install techstudio which is a latex IDE if you install techstudio first and then mctech then your latex code may not be compiled that well because techstudio won't know that there is a compiler called mctech so basically those two will not talk to each other so first is if you have already installed or you know something has gone wrong just check in your control panel uninstall techstudio and mctech and as a fresh attempt install mctech and install techstudio and if you face anything please write on the forum yes ma'am thank you there is a chat ma'am the packages you mentioned while answering the questions can you please put it in the document and send it to us for future reference yes so I guess I mentioned polyglossia for polyglossia for typesetting multiple languages then I said pdf pages for including pdf files then for aligning a particular column of a table based on the decimal point you have a package called si unit x ma'am for graphs also so for graphs so you can visit the website called tikz and pgf plots yes I think these are the only packages I had mentioned thank you ma'am thank you any other query I see we have one more participant here Geeta do you have any question no ma'am thank you which part of the course are you in which topic have you covered tables tables ok and how comfortable are you till now still tables it was fine and tables now we are still working on it I am still working on it thank you so much ma'am I have a question excuse me good afternoon ma'am ma'am actually I wanted to ask using letter for research papers and for thesis so which editor is the best for use so I prefer I mean we prefer tech studio if it's a desktop base offline and if it's online then Overleaf ok ma'am thank you Overleaf will also has also tied up with various conferences conference papers like AICT, IEEE many others so if you use Overleaf there is a facility to submit your paper from Overleaf itself but of course before you do all that you must make sure that you make sure I mean you talk to the people who are organizing the conference so that you know you don't miss out on something crucial ok ma'am thank you ma'am yes anybody else having a question yes ma'am again Malavika here ma'am it is related to tech studio so sometimes you know when we run the commands in tech studio it doesn't respond but this is not the case in Overleaf Overleaf it is quite you are quite comfortable with Overleaf actually but in tech studio is there a bug or something that you know the tech studio some of the commands they don't respond or they start misbehaving in a particular manner as far as like I have used I don't find that it doesn't respond or maybe the system might be hanging or it is you know due to some error your code is not compiling and so when you run your code you press the green play button yes at that time there is a pause button that is two vertical bars and the red button it stops when you do it next time when you face this issue just see whether the pause and the red box is still there that means it is taking time it is either one one issue could be that the package is not installed and it is trying to install the package at the back end okay okay the time your package gets installed it will it will I mean once the package gets installed and then you will get an output that is one thing second thing it is not able to figure out if your code is having an error and that is where it has got hanged that is you have to manually press the red button to stop it okay whereas in Overleaf many a times I have noticed that some bugs I mean some errors that which we make are overlooked let them in the logs they will not get displayed directly to you whereas text studio is very strict in that sense will immediately tell you that there is an error and you better solve it if you don't solve it it will never go ahead whereas Overleaf will ignore some minor errors and it will say okay let's ignore it and you can proceed ahead one more one more thing that when you asked us to do the assignment Overleaf as I was doing it Overleaf I wanted to change the color okay so I used the package dvips names okay X color so when I typed it in Overleaf it just showed an error said that there is no package like this but when I copied for my text studio I copied and pasted in Overleaf it accepted actually actually I was struggling you know when I typed it I wanted to type it myself so that I remember the commands when I was typing it Overleaf you know indicated that there is an error I mean there is no such package no I don't think there might be some typing error no I have checked it so many times madam there was no typing error but when I copied it it accepted or there could be an error in the previous line no there was nothing but when I copied it it accepted and that's how I could change the color do you have it yeah it's the same this thing Overleaf I shared it once again yes madam can you see my document yes yes see madam this is use package this I copied it so when I was typing the same use package this document I was command it just did not accept it shall I type it and show it to you yes yes you can comment this and type it this I can comment it okay okay before you proceed ahead this has to be in box bracket okay okay box bracket okay yeah so in box bracket we specify the options which are not I mean they are not compulsorily I mean it's not necessarily that you have to write them it's an optional it's optional to write them so all those things are specified in box bracket the actual package name is specified in curly brace but when I type this use package you know normally the list comes in the list also it is not there it is not to be seen normally you can see the list from when we can select automatically if we select that we need not type the entire command yeah but it is not shown in Overleaf but whereas when you go to tech studio we need not type the entire command automatically it comes okay maybe some auto suggestion might have a delay or something but okay you can complete this okay okay you can compile it yeah it has worked okay it has worked okay fine so my problem was with the the brackets okay the problem was with the brackets I suppose yes okay fine that is the only problem I was struggling with that actually and what also what I found was you know whatever you taught so far you know you are doing that assignment right now I mean I am doing that assignment so whatever you taught you know when I wanted to put all in this you know article of mine I couldn't put it suppose if I want to put multi call you know I use the command multi call so when I put multi call it's I mean after you have clicked on recompile it was showing you know the columns but then there were a lot of problems okay so I removed that multi call actually I said that if I remove multi call there is no problem so I removed that but when I use multi call there were showing a lot of problems so I wanted to use you know for example in article document class article you have articles written in multi columns so therefore I wanted to use that but I don't know there were problems over there so and suppose you know in the document class article if you want to use multi calls and we write it in three column or in two column format so in one of columns you want to add a table so is it going to create a problem when we add the table no no it won't create a problem only thing you will have to see where does that table fall and you see that the table is not very huge it is very huge then you don't have to specify multi call right you know in the beginning you have to you know specify it wherever you need it okay okay anyway I just see it once again why I couldn't get that multi call part but I tried it several times and then I just you know let go I said that multi call is creating a problem so I removed that shouldn't create actually let's see next time if there is a problem I will get back to you in the discussion forum thank you ma'am so much yes so I think any other question I see Ishfa has raised hand no ma'am no ma'am actually in the last query I think ma'am has forgot to write mable slash use package multi call so if that package is missing that's why that problem I think that problem was there no no I have written the package okay I have written that okay if there are no more questions then should we end it yeah so anybody has any other questions anything related to the course or anything other than the technical issues so then yeah then we can maybe close thank you everybody thank you so much for joining so we will have similar sessions every month so in case you want to ask your doubts you can either post it on the discussion forum and once a month we will have this live interaction session thank you everybody for joining and have a good day bye thank you ma'am thank you