 Hello friends, myself, Professor S.P. Mankani, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today we are going to study the Pelton turbine. At the end of this lecture, students will be able to understand the working principle of turbine. So here, what are the hydraulic machines? Machines which convert hydraulic energy possessed by water into mechanical energy, so which is further converted into an electrical energy. So that is what the machine which converts the hydraulic energy into a mechanical energy. So that we are going to be calling it as a turbines. This is power producing machines. Machine which converts the mechanical energy into a hydraulic energy, that we are going to be calling it as the pumps. It is a power absorbing machines. So now we are going with the what is hydraulic turbine is concerned. Hydraulic turbines converts hydraulic energy of water into a mechanical energy which is further converted into electrical energy. This energy obtained is known as a hydroelectric power which is one of the cheapest form of energy generation. It is even it is called as a clean energy is also concerned. Hydraulic turbines consist of Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbine. Pelton wheel turbine. So here the actual the Pelton wheel photography were given it here. So on this base this particularly name the turbine name is based on the Pelton an American engineer who developed it in the year 1880. Pelton wheel is a high head turbine. So high head turbine is nothing but we are going to be getting the head supposed to be available head is more than 500 meters. So that time we are going to be using it as a Pelton wheel turbines are concerned. So depending upon the available head we are going to be using different types of the turbines are concerned. So here the word is coming as a head. Head is the distance the water falls before it strikes the turbine blades before it strikes the turbine blades. Pelton wheel or a Pelton turbine water strikes the veins along the tangent of the runner and the energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only a kinetic energy. Therefore it is called as a tangential flow type of turbine. So here the Pelton wheel working we are going to be studying here. So here based on this one so this is the casing they are given. So this particular as a casing and this is a water flow is going to be taking place through this one. And here this is particularly the handle they are given it. So here that is a spear rod. This one is a spear rod and this is the handle and wheel for adjustment of this particular rod is concerned. And through this one this we are going to be calling this as a spear. So this is spear and this one is a nozzle. So by adjustment of this particularly the rod we are going to be adjusting the flow rate is concerned. And this is a particularly casing and this one is a shaft on which we are going to be fixing the runner. So this runner is having as a blades here. This runner is having as a blades. So this is actually the blades are of this particular nature. These are the blades are of this particular nature which are joined at the center. If you are observing my hand this is going to be joined here particularly. Water is going to be striking on this particular blade we will discuss the further this one. And whatever the water is going to be falling here then it is going to be a tail rest. So in this particularly the flow of water is tangential to the runner. So it is tangential for impulse turbine because it is a tangential. That is what I am going to be showing this one as suppose to be water is hitting at the center. It is going to be flowing through this particularly tangentially and it is coming out. Flowing through this particularly and it is coming out. So here Pelton runners consist of a single wheel mounted on a horizontal shaft. This is a particularly the horizontal shaft which is going to be mounted this runner. Over this these blades are going to be mounted. So water falls towards the turbine through a pipe called as a penstock flow through the nozzle. Flow through a nozzle means the water is going to be flowing through this particularly nozzle. So this one it is going to be coming and it is going to hit it this particularly the blades are concerned. The high speed jet of water hits the bucket's veins. So these are bucket veins are going to be calling it is going to be hitting through this one. A spear rod which has a spear shaped and end can be moved by a hand wheel. So this end can be moved by this particular hand wheel. So now we have to understand the exact working procedure of this particularly Pelton turbine. So here the water is going to be flowing through this particular pipe penstock. So now this is going to be adjusting this spear. So here so this is going to be adjusted this spear. So by adjustment of this one we are going to be adjusting the hitting of water is concerned. So here the water is available at the head is that water is going to be converted into pressure energy. Pressure energy is going to be converted into velocity energy here that kinetic energy is going to be hitting this particularly blades. When this is going to hit this particular blade this is going to push this blade in this direction. So immediately when it is pushes in this direction the next blade is coming here. So once again the water is going to be hitting on this particular blade and because of that it is going to be pushed. So like this the moment is going to be taken place on this particularly blades and because of that this rotation starts. When the rotation starts here and this particular rotation mechanical energy means here is a hydraulic energy converted into a mechanical energy. And that energy is going to be passed to this particular as a shaft. That energy is going to be passed to this particular because it is the integral part of this one because it is going to be fixed on this particular shaft. And when the shaft rotation starts and it is coupled with a generator and generator starts the production of electricity. And that is the reason we are going to be calling this as a power producing machines. And this casing does not have any role in the energy formation is concerned. Only it protects the water to go outside this particularly cover is concerned. It is just protection purpose they are provided this as a casing. And once the water is going to hitting this blade then that water is going to be flowing through this particularly tail raise. And this particular water is going to be utilized for the irrigation purpose and other purpose are concerned. So here the total purpose of this pattern wheel is to convert the hydraulic energy into a mechanical energy. Here it is a potential energy available in the water storage that is a dam side. And that water they are going to be using passing through this particularly penstock. And by adjustment of this particularly the rod we are going to be maintaining the flow rate. And by that particular flow rate it is going to be hitting this particularly blade where it is conversion of potential energy went into a kinetic energy. And then this momentum is going to be given to this one because of that this rotation is going to be given for this particular runner. Runner is coupled with the shaft and shaft starts rotation means the hydraulic energy is converted into a mechanical energy. So here just one more diagram I have given it for the purpose of understanding previously discussed only this Pelton wheel convert with converting the hydraulic energy into a mechanical energy. Here I have given the additional diagram as this is a dam side where the head is available. This is a gross head we are going to be calling this as a red color indication I given as a gross head that is h is equal to hg minus hf. hf we are going to be considering it as a head loss due to the friction when it is water is going to be flowing. So that time there is a loss of head is going to be taken place that you are going to be indicating as a hf. So this is a gross head minus this particularly hf you are going to be getting this a total head is concerned here. So then the water is going to be flowing through this penstock through this one and here this nozzle arrangement is not shown in this figure because it is a this is not a detailed figure of the Pelton turbine is concerned. So here so this is the working principle of this particularly hydral power stations are concerned that is the reason you have taken this as a directly the penstock is connected here. And here there is one more surge tank will be there that also not shown in this figure because that detail you are not expected in this particular study is concerned. So here the water is going to be heating this particular blade and because of that this rotation is going to be taken place the runner is going to be rotated because runner is coupled with the blades and the runner is coupled with once again with the shaft and shaft gives the rotary motions are concerned. This is the net head from this particular point to this particular point because you have deducted this value of the hf is concerned. So here so whatever the parts you have seen here this is a nozzle we are going with one by one nozzle casing runner this thing we are going with a bit detail here. So nozzle it controls the amount of water striking the veins of the runner is concerned casing it it is used to prevent the splashing of water or place no part in the power generation. That is what I have explained here as it does not have any role in power production is concerned it is just a casing it protect the splashing of water is concerned. So runner with bucket this is one of the important part which we have discussed as a runner this particular. So runner is a circular disc on the periphery of which the number of evenly spaced buckets are fixed. So this is what I have shown this is the particularly the way this particularly the buckets it is going to be fixed over the runner. Okay here this is the two joint that is a central it is going to be joined here and this particular bucket is going to be fixed over the runner. So here then the breaking jet to stop the runner in a short time breaking jet is used. So this is actually the part is going to be fixed it is a just the opposite side here opposite side one more nozzle this particularly nozzle is going to be fixed. In emergency case or in any of the thing if you want to stop the immediately the particularly the runner is concerned when it is there as it is a higher speed to stop that one they are going to be using as a breaking jet is concerned. It is just exactly opposite to this one it is going to be hitting backside and because of that it is going to be speed is going to be controlled. Okay the working principle which you have discussed previously the same thing is going to be given here as a the high speed water coming out of the nozzle strikes the splitter which divides the jet into an two equal parts which is what I explained as it is going to be hitting at the center and part of the water is going to be sliding over this one and remaining part is going to be sliding over this means it is going to be splitting the water that is what it is written in this particular last the water hitting that the center. So these streams flow along the inner curve inner curve of the bucket this is what I explained as suppose this is a bucket one side and this is another side it is going to be inner side of the bucket is going to be sliding in this way is concerned. The high pressure water can be obtained from any water any water body situated at some height or a stream water flowing down the hill this nothing but a dam side we are explaining this particular line is related to the dam side is concerned. The change of momentum is very important the change of momentum direction as well as the speed of the water stream produces an impulse on the blades of the wheels of a of a Pelton turbine this impulse generations this impulse generate the torque and the rotation in the shaft of the Pelton turbine. So this is one of the important bit you are going to be exactly how the power is going to be generated.