 Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater or soil is currently the most cost-effective and non-harmful way of removing xenobiotics from the environment. Absorbing microorganisms onto carriers can significantly reduce the cost of bioremediation as well as allow for the reuse of bio-catalysts. Carriers are selected based on the type of pollutant, the type of remediation process, in situ or ex situ, and the properties of the immobilized microorganisms. Recent studies have shown that natural carriers can be used to improve the efficiency of bioremediation while minimizing any negative effects on the microorganisms or the contamination itself. This article was authored by Anna Dzionek, Danuta Wajiecinska, and Ursula Guzik.