 This paper examines the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, agricultural practices, and environmental pollution in five countries of Central Asia. It uses panel data models to analyze the data over the period from 1992 to 2020. The results show that economic growth has a positive effect on CO2 emissions as does increased agricultural productivity and energy consumption. Water productivity and trade openness have a negative effect on CO2 emissions. Additionally, the paper finds that energy consumption is the main driver of rising levels of CO2 emissions in the region.