 obesity has become a worldwide health concern due to its increasing prevalence and associated health risks. Recent studies have focused on the role of the central nervous system, CNS, in regulating energy balance and glucose metabolism. These studies suggest that the CNS is responsible for integrating signals from peripheral hormones, such as insulin and leptin, with information about the body's nutritional state to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Dysfunction of these neuronal circuits may contribute to the development of obesity. Research into the mechanisms by which the CNS regulates energy balance and glucose metabolism has provided insight into the pathophysiology of obesity and may provide opportunities for developing novel treatments. This article was authored by Katarina Timper and Jens C. Bruning