 The transition to zero emissions by 2050 is, for developing countries, a very serious challenge because here we're looking at two different existential problems. The first, of course, is global warming and simplifications, but for us it's also much more significant, a development challenge, problems around poverty and energy access. So for us, how do we deal with extreme poverty and getting millions of people out of extreme poverty and of course its implications, disease and all of that, and premature mortality, and at the same time meet the objectives of the, meet the objectives of our climate change objectives, especially net zero by 2050. So for us, the process of getting to net zero by 2050 and development and ensuring that we're able to take millions of people out of poverty, must be thought of together. Energy, of course, is a huge part of that. The whole energy challenge is a huge part of that. So for us, the process is as important as the objective. In other words, that transition is as important as getting to net zero because the transition for us has to be a just transition, it has to be a transition that is fair and balanced. If we don't have a transition that is fair and balanced, then we're going to end up jeopardizing the lives and livelihoods of millions while at the same time exposing ourselves to the great dangers of global warming. So in addition to that, of course, is the fact that all of the global issues to work website of SDGs, even in the Paris Agreement, expect that there will be an inclusive, equitable planet and people transition as opposed to one that's just heading for 2050 without taking into account the various issues that would attend the transition for countries such as ours. Now, I think also an important point that we ought to make, and this is also an important point, is that today we're faced with a situation where many of the wealthier countries are of course moving quickly towards net zero emissions, but are also insisting on banning all publicly funded fossil fuel projects, including gas. So we have examples such as the European Union, the UK, Denmark, to mention a few as well as specific institutions such as the Swede Fund, the World Bank, and several other, you know, several other institutions and development finance institutions at the moment. And they're saying, well, in order to meet the objectives of net zero by 2050, we need to ban all fossil fuel investments and gas investments as well. Now, there are even the institutions, for example, the African Development Bank, are just prepared to take a more nuanced approach. So the African Development Bank says, okay, we accept that it might be good to ban hydrocarbon investments, but that gas, for example, is an important transition for you. So we must have a way of preserving gas, gas investments and gas funding. But even those institutions such as the African Development Bank are finding it extremely difficult because, of course, they're part of an ecosystem and they are also not being funded. So they're finding it difficult to close any deals that involve hydrocarbon funding. So gas projects are practically all around the world, and especially in the developing countries and in Nigeria, but find it of course difficult to get any sorts of investments in gas projects. Now that is a major challenge for us because that approach is not mindful of even, you know, all of the commitments that we've made as nations of the world to come on with differentiated, come on with differentiated aspirations and all of that. And it's evident to us that if things go this way, we will end up in a situation where the economies of countries such as ours are completely damaged. And what we're trying to avoid, namely, you know, all of the fatalities, mortalities and the loss of lives and livelihoods and results of climate change. We're going to end up with those figures anyway because what we need to be able to get from the point where we are to 2050 will be to ensure that our people are able to survive and live their lives and all of that. And if that is taken away, then we have a very, we're putting a very difficult situation. Now I just want us to then ask ourselves a question. So how does a just transition look? How would a just transition look? How would a fair transition to 2050 look, you know, because obviously at the point that we're trying to take is that we cannot, as if we cannot today, have a fair transition if we are following the programs as laid out, you know, by many of the world-year countries. So I think that a just transition, and I'm sure many of us are familiar with these facts, you know, for example, we know that excluding South Africa, the remaining one billion people in South Africa are serviced by a power generating capacity of just 81 gigawatts of power. So outside of South Africa, all the powers available in South Africa is 81 gigawatts. And all of that has contributed less than 1% of cumulative CO2 emissions. Now, most countries on the African continent, of course, are low emission and, of course, energy poor countries. With per capita emissions of somewhere in the order of 0.8 to 1%, at all of what, you know, many of these countries in South Africa in particular, and an average of under two tons per capita in South Africa and in other African countries are included. So even if we triple electricity consumption solely through natural gas, if we triple electricity consumption in the whole of South Africa using natural gas, we'll just add up to 0.6% to global emissions. Now, compare that to the United States, which has an installed capacity of 1,200 gigawatts of power and a population of 321 million people. And its emissions stand at 15.5% per capita. Now, of course, the UK has 76 gigawatts of installed capacity, or 67 million people. So per capita energy capacity in the UK is almost 15 times that of the whole of South Africa. Now, among the average, Europe has per capita emissions of 6.5 tons. So I think we can learn, you know, and the truth, of course, is that given those kinds of figures, it's evident that for those of us in South Africa, we are the least polluters, we have the least emissions, we are the worst affected, and we're being asked to make the kind of sacrifice that would literally cripple our economies and make it impossible for us to ensure that people are able to live normal lives, and go into us 2050. So that's the kernel of the argument. And so I think that what we need to do, obviously, is to ask how then can this be made to work? You know, it's evident that if African countries, especially the Iroca upon which African countries are allowed to or are funded in order to be able to achieve their targets, we still would not have, and of course to use clean energy resources, we still would not have any of the very terrible consequences that may be envisaged. Now, I want to also just point out that natural gas is currently used for industry, for fertilizer manufacturing and cooking. And these are more difficult to transition than power generation. LPG is already today replacing the huge amounts of hazardous coal and kerosene cookstones that are most widely used for cooking, while saving millions of lives that are lost to indoor air pollution annually. So we have a situation where in order to transcend to cleaner fields, we need gas. So for example, we know that cooking gas is the best replacement for coal and firewood, which is what the vast majority of people in the rural areas, all our crops are used today. Now that is dangerous not only because it's a major polluter, but also because of the exposure to dangerous gases in house and of course a lot of the fatalities that resulted from that. So we need to transit to cleaner cooking, and cleaner cooking means using LPG, but which of course as you know is gas. We're also looking at how to transit from petrol for cars to LPG and CNG, which of course are cleaner now. To do that of course naturally, we need gas. So practically every step of the way we're going to need gas as a major transition fuel in order to be able to meet not just our energy demand, but also in order to be able to make the transition to much cleaner fuels. So I think in order to then achieve our aims, in order to get to where we're going, and also to ensure that we're able to do so in a manner that takes into account all of the challenges that have outlined, we need to ensure that we're adequately funded for that transition. Now, if we're going to achieve net zero by 2050, and we've drawn up a very comprehensive energy transition plan, we have the able, very able assistance of the energy transition council. A few minutes ago I met with Alok Sharma, who is the chair of that, and I know her as a co-chair of the energy transition council. They helped us quite a bit in being able to produce an energy transition plan. Now that energy transition plan just tells us how we're going to get from now to assuming by 2050 the target for zero emissions, how do you get there, what will it cost, and what sort of options are we going to deploy, what sort of energy options are we going to deploy. And for us access to energy, how do we ensure access to energy to millions of people who require, who require electrification. Now in order to do that from point A to point B, we're going to need about 400 billion in non-business as usual, 400 billion dollars that is, you know, over business as usual funding. Now that's quite a bit of money considering that that's almost the size of our GDP, right. And the commitments that have been made since Paris of 100 billion dollars a year have not been met even for one year, you know. So we're at a point where, you know, obviously we think that it will be important for us to be more intentional about how we are able to promote our own position and enable and ensure that that funding is available. And if you look at it, there's currently a mismatch, you know, in energy investments. So while representing just 15 percent of the world's population, high income countries received over 40s or 45 percent of global energy investments. At least the figures we have from 2018 show that that is the case. So developing countries with 40 percent of the world's population received just 50 percent of global energy investments. Energy consumption in developing countries has doubled in the last 15 years and is expected to grow another 30 percent in the next 50 years. So making capital available to fulfill our own growing energy demand and the energy demand of our regions of the world is central to reaching the goals of the bias agreement. I think that this is a point that we've made repeatedly and which we will continue to make. So while we are resolutely committed, you know, to all of our goals, all of the goals that we've set out for ourselves under the bias agreement, obviously we've also, in fact, recently updated our ambitions, especially our NDCs, our contributions were significantly updated because certainly we were committed to the process. But we also strongly believe that that process is one that has to be fair, has to be just, and has to be supported, not just for Nigeria, but for most African countries and for many countries in the global world who have the same kinds of concerns that we have. And just as I, just before I close, I'd just like to mention that so in going to COP26, obviously there's so many issues that are rising. Now after looking at our own plans, setting out our own plans and what to do cost, what to do take, you know, where, for example in Nigeria with under economic sustainability plan, we're doing a major solar power project, you know, where we're connecting 5 million homes in solar power, that's about 25 million individuals under economic sustainability plan. Now that's just one phase. I mean, 5 million or 85 million is really just scratching the surface. But the most important part of that is that that whole enterprise requires gas as base load, especially if we're going to use this as grid, if we're going to put it on the grid. So we want to be able to put renewable energy on the grid. We want to ensure that, you know, of course we have solar home systems, but we need renewable energy on the grid. We need power for industry, right? And of course, you know, we're still by looking at the signal stand costs of that. So everything that needs to happen now and all of what we're looking at obviously will come down to, you know, how much this is going to cost, how long it will take and all that. And we're the first African country to develop a comprehensive plan and looking at the plan and looking at the targets, looking at the cost. Every time someone says 2050, it's a target, you know, we'll look at our plans and cost and how much we expect to find. And so far the kinds of commitments will be sealed around the world. For us, it's looking pretty challenging. And that's just to put it as delicately as possible to be able to get to, let's say, by 2050. So again, just to say thank you very much for the opportunity to speak to you. And I hope that you'll be able to collaborate even more, especially with some of the grid work that my powers and esteem are doing. Thank you all very much.