 Dear learners, welcome to the third and the last part of the video on Unit 3 that is Functions of Management of the Course Principles of Management and Organization behavior of BBA program of Krishna Kanto-Hondikore State of University. In this part we will discuss about the management skills that are needed at the various levels of management and we will also discuss about the Indian management styles and traditions. So let's now discuss about the concepts with the PowerPoint presentation. So dear learners, what we are going to discuss in this video is that we will discuss about the managerial skills at various levels of management. We will also discuss about the Indian management styles and traditions. So these are the two concepts that we will go through in this video session and with this we will come to the end of Unit 3 that is the functions of management of the course principles of management and organization behavior. So let's start with the management skills at various levels. So the nature of the job becomes increasingly complex at each higher level because of the increase in the scope of authority and responsibility and therefore each higher level requires increased knowledge, broader perspective and greater skills. Management jobs are different from other jobs. It involves the obligation to make prudent use of human and material resources. It requires sound judgment to handle complex situation and further the nature of the job becomes more complex. So for the purpose of analysis, skills required for a manager are classified under three different heads or you can say skills that are technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills. These skills are exhibited in the figure that I have put in the PowerPoint presentation here. Let us now discuss the skills in this PowerPoint presentation. So here you will see that technical skill refers to the ability to use the tools, equipments, procedures, techniques and knowledge of a specialized field, the activity to use specific knowledge, methods and techniques in performing work. So the technical skills is primarily concerned with the ways of doing the things and it implies proficiency in a specific field of activity. Technical skills are most important at the lower level of management that we have seen in our previous slide and because by the nature their job involves supervision of the workers and effective supervision and coordination of the work of the subordinates therefore depends on the technical skill possessed by the lower level managers. And any supervisors without the sound knowledge of the job cannot make an effective supervision. So if we give an example then the president of an oil company does not need to know much about the technical details of drilling of for oil or how to refine it. So now let us discuss about human skills. The human skill is the ability to understand, motivate and get along with the other people. The skills is essential at every levels of management though within the organization and but is particularly important at the lower levels of management where the supervisors are frequent contact with the operating personals. Human skills are primarily concerned with persons as contrasted with the things when a man is highly skilled in employee relations he is aware of the attitudes, assumptions and believes and recognizes their limitations as well as their usefulness. He or she accepts as an important fact of the life and existence of the viewpoints and feelings different from his own, his or her own. So thus human skills refers to that ability of a manager who work effectively as a group member and to build cooperative efforts in the team he leads, he or she leads and it is the ability to work with and understand and motivate people. Now let us discuss about the conceptual skills. Conceptual skills are the mental ability to coordinate and integrate the organization's interest and activities. It refers to the ability to see the big picture like the conceptual skills also called as design and problem solving skills. It involves the ability to see the organization and the various components of it as a whole to understand how its various parts and functions look together and to foresee how changes in any one of these may affect all the others. So conceptual skills extend to visualizing the relations of the organization to an industry, to the community and to the political and economical social forces of the nation as a whole and even to the forces which operates beyond the national boundaries. It is the creative force within the organization and a high degree of conceptual skills help in analyzing the environment and in identifying the opportunities and threats. So the three types of skills discussed so far that we have discussed are not mutually exclusive in other words management jobs always requires all the three skills but in different proportion depending upon the levels of management. So there is a gradual shift in the emphasis from the bottom to the top of the pyramid of the management levels of management. The technical skills and human skills are always in great demand at the lower level of management for it is there the productive processes and operations are carried out and the need of conceptual skills is greatest at the top levels of management and obviously the top managers are not often involved in the direct application of the specific methods and procedures and techniques compared to those at the lower levels of management. Now let us discuss about the Indian management style and tradition. If there can be British style in management, American style or Japanese style then why not an Indian style of management or to be more specific is there any Indian styles of management. So when we look in a larger perspective the traditional Rajasthani carpenters then Bujrati women wound skills at the handicraft the wood covers of Karnataka show remarkable excellence in their work and production. We can take an example of our own silk industry at Kualkuchi and the Muradabad brassware workers are exporting their products though they may not aware of the modern concepts but then how they are doing this. So the legit pauper run by the Indian women or the Udupi hotels or Oyo are other examples. We call this Indian ethos as the true spirit of indigenous management techniques which is expressed in the cases that I have discussed by the Indian supervisors and workers. There is excellence in India and we noticed this excellence searched for indigenous styles of management and then incorporated the concepts of Vedanta and yoga to give this a new shape. And side by side we experimented with this technique in modern industries both public and private sector companies. We call this Indian ethos in management because first we learned this method from the common Indian workers like farmers carpenters artisans and above all the Indian women and secondly the Vedantic concepts and yoga practices are incorporated. This techniques the Indian ethos in management was applied and discussed in many companies and the result was very encouraging and more and more management consultants and teachers are you know joining this movement and more and more companies are showing keen interest in this. So there are signs that business is moving towards a unified global theory of management and the practice of management and global competitiveness is driven by the new technology. Visionary managers are needed to provide directions that are increasingly multi-cultural workforce that responds quickly to the customers and that demand low-cost quality products and services. So dear learners we have discussed about the major skills that are needed at the various levels of management when we have also discussed about the Indian management styles and with these two concepts we have come to the end of this part of unit 3 that is functions of management and also we have come to the end of the unit that is unit 3 functions of management. So in the unit 3 that is functions of management we discussed the various concepts related to the functions of management briefly though like planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, organizing, then budgeting, reporting, we discussed here we discussed about management skills at various levels and Indian management styles and traditions and hope this video has given you some idea about the concepts and thank you so much for watching this video thank you.