 Ond yn dweud i'n meddwl i Mike Robson, y syrfaeth yng Nghymru yma i FAO. Mae'n meddwl i FAO ar y cyffredinol 25 ymgyrch yn rhoi'r gael, yn cael eu cyffredinol i'r FAO yn Bangladesh, ac yn y ddydd y dyfodol yng Nghymru yma i'r profiad. Mike, ydw i chi'n gwaith. Thank you. Good. Thank you very much. I'm going to talk about... With a slight change of pace, I'm going to talk about sustainable livelihoods and resilience in Syria. Resilience can be defined in terms of people's ability to accumulate and diversify assets. The resilience of the most vulnerable, their ability to respond to future shocks, felly o'r ddweud ydych chi'n rhai o ddweudio cyfnodol cyfnodol ar y dyfodol, yn ddweudio'r ddweudio ar gyfer gyffredinol, sydd hynny'n bod yn hirio'r ddweudio cyfnodol ar gyfer gyffredinol yn y PIL-3. Mae'n sefydliad o ffordd, oedliad, oedlau cyfrifiadau a maen nhw i ddweudio'r ddweudio'r ddweudio, ond mae'n gofal o ddweudio cyfrifiadau o'r ddweudio cyfrifiadau, to support irrigation because without irrigation there can be no farming and food production. Underlying this work as a consideration of how these activities will result in improved livelihood outcomes while ensuring social, economic and environmental sustainability. Prior to the crisis in Syria, natural resources specifically ground water were being over exploited in some areas. Climate change was a growing concern in the centre and eastern parts of the country after several years of drought a'r byw ymgyrch o'r ddweud o'r cyflau'r gweithio yma yn gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio ar y cyflau yma cyflau'r gweithio. Bydd y gweithio'r gweithio cyflau'r gweithio a Chirwyr Fawr yn ystod ymyl gan gweithio'r gweithio, sydd yn arweinyddio'r cyflau'r gweithio mewn ffordd. Ymgyrch o'r cyflau strategiaethau, felly mae'r cyflau, Lentl, balu a chryfoddau a chryfoddau and so on, and sectors such as cattle and small room in its. Meanwhile, other sectors such as vegetable production and poultry were already in the hands of small and medium-sized businesses in the private sector. So, where are we now? The current situation, agriculture now forms the largest part of the Syrian economy. It contributed less than 20% to GDP before the crisis, but now it's the biggest sector. And it's the main contributor to the livelihoods of millions living in rural areas, but the sector faces huge challenges. Ffarmers have lost assets during periods of displacement or insecurity and conflict. Things have been damaged or stolen. On farm, water management has been damaged or become degraded after years out of use all across the country, and large numbers of pumps have been stolen taken for their scrap value. Where conflicts have been most intense, the land and buildings need restoration. Farmers even have to travel great distances to get to their land. yna yw ateb, ac mae'r parons cydnaldiad yn gwneud yn ymwneud, ac mae'r parons lydydol yn rhan iawn i'ch meddwl. Oherwydd awrwyr mawr yn wych, yn bwysig, byddwn'n ddotoedd ei ferdigio ar gweithiau cerddiaethu ar gwrthau yma a nifer y byddwn sy'n ddod i, ac mae'n gydag oedd yn rhan iawn iddo. I hefyd, mae'r prysau os ei gweithiau yn ymlu yn gweithio, ac mae'n gweithio ar y cyfw merchandise realise in the COVID 19 response and the quality of inputs is generally poor. Across the board, FiO is working to address these challenges for the most vulnerable, particularly those returning from displacement, women headed households and those with the smallest land holdings. I give just three quick examples of the kind of work that we're doing. Wheat seed distribution, the restoration irrigation and food processing. The first gyda'r ddegwyd adesu ar gweithredu cyfryd gyntaf. We've given out a seed to farmers, cereal seed, wheat seed ac across the country, but we're also supporting seed producer groups who are growing wheat specifically for seed for distribution to farmers in Aleppo, Derozor and other governors. Over the length of the crisis 130,000 households have received seeds from FPO since the beginning of that time. Just taking one example and showing a little bit how we work, Felly, yn y Deogelch i Lŷch yn cyffredinol, byddwn ni'n gweithio hun i ddim 200 ydych chi'n mynd i'r byw yn mynd i hamre a'r sefnodol, y dyfnodol yn cychwyn i'ch gweithio mynd i'w cyffredinol ei ddweud o'r tyngau ei ddweud o'r ddefnyddio. Mae'n ddiogelch yn byw yn cael ei ddweud o'r cyffredinol, ydy'r gweithiau amseriaid i'r gweithiau a'r ddweud o'r ddweud i'r gweithiau i'r gweithiau. They were given 200 kilograms of seed, which is enough to plant one hectare, that's enough to produce enough weed to feed a family for one year and have a surplus to sell. The most important thing is that these farmers will now be able to save some of that production for use of seed for future planting seasons in the coming years. The fact is that the 200 families that we helped were less than 10% of the total number of families, and Ac mae unig ffordd yn cael ei peir. Rydyn nhw'n garbyn am wych. Rhyw gweithio cyfr declario'r cyfrifol o edrych amsrhythm yn Cyrylamu Llywodraeth. Rydym yn gweithio'r studiadau yw ysgrifenniadau sy'n ddych chi'n ceisio'r gweithwyr cyfrifol ar y cymru? Byddwn i gyfafol yn gwyltir yn gweithio'r cyfrifol yn gweithgaf i ddioni i mi deng tan yn gwneud i gweithio gweithwyr cyfrifol ar y cyfrifol mewn gwir. We have a team of specialist engineers, backed by local retired irrigation specialists across the country, supporting our own projects and providing a service to other agencies and NGOs working on irrigation. Our projects focus on restoring local infrastructure on farm to enable farms to access the water they need, whether it's coming from groundwater wells or through low lift pumps from the river system such as the Euphrates. In all cases, consideration is given to the availability of water resources to ensure the environmental sustainability. The operation and maintenance and management of restored equipment, including the irrigation schedules, is in the hands of a local water users association made up of the group of local farmers at that location. Some recent examples include the use of solar energy to pump groundwater in Cuneitra, an area which is particularly rich in water resources, where the wells that we've restored originally benefited only one family, but have now been extended to groups of up to 20 families to use for supplementary irrigation in fruit orchards and vegetable production. We've also done a small scale rainwater harvesting in Darra, an area where groundwater has been over exploited before and during the crisis. Again, for use in household vegetable production, and we've done low lift pumps along the river systems to irrigate land adjacent to the river. For instance, six villages and 15 locations in and around Darazor reaching three and a half thousand hectares for cereals and vegetables. Overall, over time, we've restored irrigation to around about 56,000 hectares of land over the last three years. A third example on food processing really is another example of resilience and social cohesion, and this has worked with rural women to encourage food processing and the development of micro enterprises. The number of women headed households has increased significantly due to the crisis with emigration, conscription and injuries to men during the conflict. FAOs provided training and equipment to women's groups across the country on food sector micro enterprise development, including installation of food processing facilities at around 20 locations. Training has included production and quality standards, but also finance, bookkeeping, marketing, and we've also undertaken study tours and coaching and mentoring. In summary, sustainable livelihoods depend on the sustainable use of natural resources and the economic viability of the activity. Social cohesion comes from working with groups and providing opportunities for gainful employment. Thank you very much. Mike, thank you very much for sharing those thoughts and we look forward to exploring them in a little bit more detail during the panel session and the Q&A coming up.