 Yes, the recording has started. So Prince, would you like to pray today? Yes, sure. Yeah, go ahead. Thank you, dear Heavenly Father. Thank you in this morning lot. We come before you. Lord help us as we are going to start this class lot. Holy Spirit help us to understand better. Lord, you give us revelation and knowledge that we could understand well lot. Thank you. I also pray for the student those who will be in joint lot. I pray for them. They also can connect it quickly. Lord. Thank you. I pray your revelation is come in a heart open of mind that we could receive new things from you Lord. Thank you. I submit all the session in your head. In Jesus now I pray. Amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you Prince. So we will get into our topic for today. We are at Acts 15. So, you know, we saw how Paul Barnabas, they both finished the first missionary journey and they go back to Antioch and go back to Antioch. Okay. It's a congregation where there were leaders, there were elders taking care of the congregation, but still when they come back, they find that there are people who have come in and who have brought some kind of a wrong teaching. So that is where we were. We saw that, you know, they were quite upset about this wrong teaching. They were men from Judea who had come and the teaching which they brought about was that there is a need for circumcision, for a gentile believer to be saved. Okay. So what they did was they put the focus or the attention on a ritual and they told the believers that unless they participate in that, unless they take that action, you know, their salvation is not complete. So this matter, when Paul and Barnabas heard it, we are told in verse two that they quarreled. Okay. So, and it was a big quarrel because it says no small dissension and dispute with them. So they argued. So sometimes we might wonder, why is it that Paul and Barnabas got so upset over this matter because it was affecting the very core of what we believe. It is questioning the work of the cross, you know, apart from faith, if we need works to be saved, then what we are saying is the cross is not enough. We are saying that Jesus was not, you know, completely man, completely God. So it is challenging the very work of our God. So no wonder Paul and Barnabas, you know, they had built up this church, they had raised the church and they had gone out on the journey. But here they are coming back to find out that these men brought a strange teaching. So, you know, you see their pastoral heart as well. One of the responsibilities of the pastor is to take care of the sheep and their spiritual walk with God. Now, we may have built up our people, but when we have built them up, we have to also protect them. Okay. Not to say that, you know, we are going to be very cautious of anyone who comes in, anyone who teaches. See, we can't protect them in that sense because if you take the world today, there is so much of information available online and people can go wherever they want, attend any conference or we can't stop our believers from receiving from other ministries. But, you know, equipping them really well in the truth of God's word is important because then they will be able to discern what is right and wrong. In this case, it seems like though they had equipped the believers, this particular strange teaching was affecting the believers. So, Paul and Barnabas had to take a call and decide what needs to be done. So, what they did is that, you know, they decided to go to Jerusalem because this was a very huge matter for them. They did not want to leave it this way and they knew that this particular doctrine, you know, which says that a believer must be circumcised, a gentle believer must be circumcised. Okay. It will affect not just the Church of Antioch but if left unchecked, it would affect all the believers across the regions because it was a serious matter. Okay. So, why do you think the teaching of circumcision was being pushed by some of the men from Judea? It's possible that they were biased. It was already difficult for the Jews to accept that now Gentiles are coming to know Christ. The Jews, they were very proud of their own culture. They were proud of their tradition. They were proud of their gaudy life and they could not take it that it was so easy to become a child of God. You know, you believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, you repent, you believe, you give your life to Christ and that's it. Now you become a believer but here the Jews for, you know, hundreds of years they have lived an obedient life to the law and they could not take it that the Gentiles can be saved so easily. So, it's possible that this teaching came out of that kind of a bias or a jealousy which they had for the Gentiles who were being saved. But of Paul and Barnabas, they understood that this teaching is really affecting the main truth of God's Word which is salvation and that's why, you know, they took on these Jews and they wanted to settle the matter. Now we also see that, you know, Paul and Barnabas, they take the matter to Jerusalem knowing that these men, they have come from Judea so obviously they're traveling around to spread this particular doctrine. So, they must have traveled around many places and I told you they did not want this doctrine to take over. So, Paul and Barnabas, they go to Jerusalem. Who is there in Jerusalem? The apostles and the elders. Remember, we said the main church, the base church is Jerusalem that actually sent out workers like Barnabas to newer churches such as Antioch. So, they go back to the base church to meet the apostles who are stationed there about this particular matter. Now, even as they traveled, you know, you notice that there is the ministry that Paul and Barnabas continue to do. Okay, so they minister to people along the way and they bless them and they continue on, go to Jerusalem and they report everything to the elders there in Jerusalem. So, when they were reporting this to the elders in Jerusalem, you find that there were some who had believed from the background of being Pharisees and Pharisees keep the law very strictly. So, they rose up and they said it is necessary to circumcise the Gentiles. Okay, because Moses who had given it as a law, he had given this command. So, why should we make it such a big issue? Why can't we just tell all the Gentiles that if they want to believe in Jesus, yeah, it's fine. Let them believe but additionally let them also be circumcised. So, when this matter sort of came up, there was a little bit of commotion even among the elders and the leaders there. Okay, so it was not like a clear cut decision where Paul and Barnabas go and tell them, look, this is what is being taught and everyone says, yeah, it's wrong. Let's make sure we tear down this particular teaching. It was not that simple. There were some believers, some elders over there, they also said, yeah, what is wrong with the teaching? Circumcision of the Gentiles should be fine. Okay, so this matter was a little more challenging to settle and that's what we see. So, when it was not getting settled among the people, we know some of the leader figures in the Church of Jerusalem, Peter is one of them. Okay, so Peter stood up and he started sharing. He talked about how God had taken him to share the Gospel to the Gentiles. If you remember, you know, we said that in Acts chapter 10, how God gave Peter a vision. God gave Cornelius a vision and he goes to Cornelius's house over there. He shares the Gospel and even before he can lay hands on the family, what happens? The Holy Spirit is poured out. Okay, the Holy Spirit is poured out on these people. So that is what they have. Peter says, look, I have seen God touch the lives of Gentiles and when the Holy Spirit did not make a distinction, why is it that we are trying to put something additional and say, okay, for you to be saved like the Jews, you also must be circumcised? Okay, so he was just trying to support what Paul and Barnabas were saying because what they were saying was, correct, God did not put any additional. Now, Peter says that why do you test God by putting a yoke on the neck of the disciples? Yoke is like a burden, putting a burden extra. We are saying, okay, you also need to do this to be born again. Or, you know, we can have so many traditions in this case, it is circumcision. But today, maybe, I don't know, people could be told that, oh, if you don't wear a certain kind of dress, if you don't kneel in this way, or if you don't fast for these many days, then you can't be saved. You have to do all those things also to be saved. But we've seen in what Jesus has done on the cross and what the Bible tells us, if you believe, believe in your heart, confess with your mouth, the Lord Jesus, you will be saved and that's about it. So the work has been done by Jesus and we receive it by faith. And Peter was trying to say, why are you trying to put additional burden on the neck of the disciples? He also said, look, our fathers were not able to follow the law. Do you remember the law was given to the children of Israel but were they able to keep the entire law? Not really. So, why is it that you are dragging the Gentiles now and telling them to keep the law if they want to be believers of the Lord Jesus Christ? And he reiterates or he reconfirms and he says, but we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, we shall be saved in the same manner as they. So, how can we be saved by grace? By grace. So, Paul, Peter emphasizes grace. Now, let's see who else is going to talk about this matter. So, when Peter was talking about this matter, one good thing about the council in Jerusalem is that they were silent, they kept silent and they were listening. So, any group of people who have a willing heart to learn, to study God's Word, to bring out the truth from God's Word, follow it and live on, those are the kind of people that God is looking for. So, the good thing about the council is they were willing to listen. Now, if they were not willing to listen, we would not have the statement here in Acts 15-12 which says, the multitude kept silent and listened. So, they were willing to listen. So, they were listening. Okay, what is Paul saying? Peter just now talked about God bringing in the Gentiles. Okay, let's listen. What else is there to this matter? So, they listened this time again to Barnabas and Paul. They were also sharing. Remember, they went through the first missionary journey and they reached out to so many people and among them were Gentiles also. So, you remember when they went initially, they were called to the Gentiles. The Jews did not listen but at that point, they went ahead and started ministering to the Gentiles. So, all these things actually happened in their journey and Paul and Barnabas started sharing these things with the council and said, look, God is not discriminating. He is not saying that only Jews are His people, but He is open to work miracles, do wonders even among the Gentiles. When God is doing that, why are we trying to stop the work of God? That is the question which Paul and Barnabas were saying or they were putting forth and trying to just enlighten the multitude there and the set of elders. We're trying to tell them, let us not stop what God is doing with our own new set of rules which we want to burden the Gentiles with. So now, Paul and Barnabas spoke, Peter spoke and they're trying to inform the people saying, this new teaching is wrong, circumcision is not required for salvation of the Gentiles. If they believe, they can also become children of God. So, the Jews are listening and they are struggling to accept this matter. It sounds very simple. It's like how God told Naaman, you go dip in the water seven times, you'll be healed. But Naaman was surprised. He wanted God to say something more like, oh, give half your kingdom or something very, very difficult to do. But it was as simple as going and dipping in the water seven times. Similarly, salvation was about faith. It was about believing and not about following these traditions. So, the Jews were a little perplexed. Why did God make it so easy for the Gentiles? But here are the leaders trying to share with them the experiences. One is experiences. Still now, Peter shared his experience, Paul shared his experience, Barnabas also shared his experience. Now, there is one more leader in the church which is James. James the brother of Jesus. Earlier, when we were in, I think it's Acts 12, we saw how Herod killed another James. Okay, that's a different James. This James is the brother of Jesus who is now the leader among the Jerusalem church. So, James gets up and he starts speaking and he says that whatever Peter said just now, you know, you have heard what he has said, but also he quotes a scripture from the Old Testament. This is, I'll read it for us. He says, after this, I will return and will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down. I will rebuild its ruins and I will set it up so that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord, even all the Gentiles who are called by my name says the Lord who does all these things. So, he is quoting the passage where God had promised to rebuild the tabernacle of David. Okay, and why is he quoting this? Because when God told through the prophet Amos, he shared this word. In that prophecy, God had mentioned and said, see towards the end of that passage, it says, even all the Gentiles who are called by my name. So, what is God going to do? God is going to bring people to himself, including the Gentiles. So, one, I'll back up one verse before that. It says, so that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord. So, why is God going to rebuild the tabernacle of David? I won't go into the tabernacle of David because we already know, we have studied about this in many courses in the Bible college. But it is that form of worship, that extravagant, that committed, that excellent form of worship where David made God his priority, his first priority. In that way, God is going to rebuild that worship among the people here on the earth. And when he does that, and we know that, he will fulfill this in the church today. So, when he does that, what can we expect? People will come to Christ. And there is a mention of the Gentiles being called by the name of God. So, James is reminding the people and saying, what we are seeing happen among us, it is nothing new. It has already been prophesied. God has already told us. So, we must not stop the Gentiles. All like how Peter said, don't put extra burden on the Gentile believers, telling them to follow certain traditions. So, that's the point James is making. Now, how is James making this point? You see, earlier experiences were shared. God worked among the Gentiles. So, let us accept them. But James is quoting scripture. So, these are all ways in which, and this is a very good way, when we want to speak the truth of God's word and say, look, this is what the truth is. It is good to share that from the word, confirm it from the word. And that is the pattern that James is using. He's saying, see, Amos had prophesied. Therefore, it's very good for the Gentiles to come to know God. Nothing new. God is not doing anything which he did not tell us. So, from scripture and as pastors and leaders, this is also something that we can learn to make a point through scripture. You know, don't make scripture say whatever we want. That's not how it is. But whatever the scripture is saying, we should know how to share that with the people. And that's what James did, to convince the people, to persuade the people. He went to scripture, he pulled out the prophecy of Amos and he declared it and said, when the word of God says this, why should we stop the Gentiles? Why should we make it more difficult for the Gentiles to obey God? So then he also adds and he says, look, therefore, I judge that we should not trouble those from among the Gentiles who are turning to God, but that we write to them to abstain from things polluted by idols. So he says, we will not stop them, but how about we only look at some things which they are doing, which is not right before God, which is not right according to the word, which makes them unholy. We can address those matters because somebody needs to tell them. So he says, we will not push things like circumcision because the word of God never says that one must be circumcised or follow any traditions to be saved. So leave that aside. Here are certain things we will tell them. One is, abstain from things polluted by idols. So if there is anything to do with idols, you stay away from that. Second, from sexual immorality. And third, from strangled things strangled from blood. So it's possible that even the Gentile believers, they come from that background of worshiping other gods and not knowing about the holiness of Jehovah God. So those practices which they were used to, if the leaders did not tell them that they were wrong, it's probable that they continue with those practices. And that is why the leaders decide that it will be better for us to instruct them about these wrong things. So don't have anything to do with the idols. Second is, any kind of sexual immorality, please stay away from it and strangled animals or strangled things from blood, it says. So these are the only, if you want to call it, some guidelines or commands that they give the Gentile believers. So now it is quite clear because James himself as a leader, he has made this point and instructed that this is what we are going to do. So after this discussion took place, I'm at verse 22, we see that the apostles and elders with the whole church, just a moment, I think, where are the right place? So they together, decide that they will send two more people along with Paul and Barnabas to go back to Antioch. Okay. And they will go back to Antioch with a clarification on this matter of circumcising the Gentiles. So they write out a letter. And in that letter, what do they write? You know, they write saying, and they greet not just the people in Antioch, but they are greeting people from Syria and Silesia because remember those men from Judea, they had traveled all the way to teach this. So they must have touched all these regions. And that is why the clarification needed to go to all the regions. You see how the apostolic works clarifying doctrine, clarifying matters that relate to faith. Because if it is not clarified, then what will happen? It will affect the faith of the people. It will take people away from God. So that is the reason, you know, they have to let the people know across these regions that what is going on is not at all correct. So they write a letter. See today, it's a lot easier. You know, we send out emails, it's easy to publish an official letter. But those days, you know, they still had a similar practice, but they're trying to give out this letter and send it out through some of the leaders, Paul Barnabas and they're adding two more people to the team, Judas and Silas, who will also go along and share what was decided. So we are told here that they clarified. Okay, they said something like, since we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your soul, saying, you must be circumcised and keep the law to whom we gave no such commandment. So they're clarifying and they're saying, look, this new teaching, which came to you, it's not scriptural. And we never told the people who taught you, we never told them to come and teach such things. So it seemed good for them to, you know, send out people like Barnabas and Paul. And now they are adding, you know, Judas and Silas also to the to the work and they're saying that it seemed good to us that, you know, in fact, this, I don't know which number it is, but it says for it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us. So when they discussed as a council, they came to a conclusion. This conclusion was something that they were happy about. So they are saying it seemed good to the Holy Spirit. So obviously, what they decided and what seemed good to them, it was led by the Holy Spirit. So this is also something we can remember that the decisions that we're making, and especially, you know, when it comes to decisions for the church, for the believers, for the people of God, what is the best decision? Now something that we can hold on to because it is there in scripture, we feel good about it, but it also, they are saying felt good to the Holy Spirit. So God should be happy about the decision. So God was happy about this decision. They were happy about the decision. And what is the decision that we should not burden you with unnecessary things? Salvation is by grace. However, there are a few things which we will tell you to do and you please follow that, that is abstain from things offered to idols, from blood and things that are strangled, from sexual immorality, and that's it. You know, if you just follow and keep yourselves pure, that should be good enough. Your salvation is not going to get affected if you don't be circumcised. So they clarified, wrote this letter and now they are putting a stamp on, you know, Paul, Barnabas, Judas and Silas and telling that these people are going to, like we had a discussion with them, they were part of this discussion. They also know and they are bringing you this message. So the matter was settled. Okay. So that is the way in which the early church settled the doctrinal issue. All right. So any, any questions about that, any thoughts about that, how these people went about settling a doctrinal issue? I think it's quite clear, isn't it? I'm assuming that it is, it's all fine. So we'll just proceed. So the matter about circumcision is settled now. Excuse me. Okay. Let's move forward. Now this team, Paul and Barnabas, they're coming back to Antioch with the message after clarifying everything. So when they come back to Antioch, we see that a multitude came together and when they read the letter, they rejoiced over its encouragement. So there were a lot of Gentiles in the church. It was a Gentile church and you know, I mean, obviously there are Jews as well, but they were Gentiles and the Gentiles were very happy. The people were very happy when they saw that they don't have to follow the traditions. So again, you know, earlier remember when there was an issue in the Jerusalem church where the food needed to be served to the widows, the leaders dealt with it so wisely and after that, we saw that the Word of God was continuing to spread that, you know, people were accepting God and all of that. Similarly, now that the matter has been dealt with so wisely by the council, by the elders, there is encouragement among the people. So the leaders have dealt with the matter very wisely and that is how it should be. When we deal with matters wisely, it causes encouragement, it causes joy in the church and the believers can continue in their walk of faith. Now also remember that when the team came back from Jerusalem, two additional people came together with Paul and Barnabas and they are Judas and Silas. Now Judas and Silas, the scriptures tell us that they were prophets, so they came and in the Antioch church, they brought them ministry and what does it do, you know, when the five-fold ministry offices, they come and serve the body, it strengthens. So in verse 32, we see that they were exalted and strengthened. The believers were exalted and strengthened with the words, with many words which Judas and Silas brought them and they stayed there for some time and they sent back with greetings from the brethren to the apostles. So after this time of ministry by Judas and Silas also in the church of Antioch, for some, you know, they were there, but Judas went back and Silas stayed back. Now who's left in Antioch? You have Paul, Barnabas and Silas and they continued, they continued the ministry. So primarily they were teaching, they were preaching the word of God and the work went on. Now talking about Silas, you know Silas, obviously we have understood that he is a prophet. We've also, we will see later that, you know, he will continue in the missionary journeys and it seems, you know, that Silas was the one who helped Peter write his episode, one of his episodes and he might have even helped Paul, you know, write some time, but he was a noted leader in the Jerusalem Church. So that's a little bit about who is the Silas, you know, you will have the question, right? So that is Silas. So these people, Silas, Paul and Barnabas are in Antioch, they are continuing their work and strengthening the church. Now what happens? After some time Paul and Barnabas, maybe the church was once again strengthened and you know, people are doing well now. So Paul and Barnabas decided, hey, how about we go and visit all the people whom we have ministered to till now? Okay, in the first missionary journey, you remember, we saw a map, right? And I told you about the first missionary journey. Let me quickly put that for us. You can have a look. Yeah, so let's refresh our memory. Let me know if you can see, I'm just going to put the, can you see? You can see it. Okay, so there are some places here, can you see? We said Cyprus, go through Cyprus, and we saw all these names, initially it was Pisidia, Pisidian Antioch, we said that, then Iconium, then from Iconium Listra. So they went about preaching, the Jews did not accept. So they were ministering to the Gentiles in certain places. And then finally like in Iconium, there is a lot of opposition. So they leave Iconium, go to Listra, Listra when miracle happens. But and you know, the people want to make them as gods, Paul and Barnabas, but you know, they say, no, don't do that. So you remember all that happened, right? So Listra, Dabi, Pagas, so all these places we are quite familiar with. And that's where the missionary journey actually happened. Okay, so let me just quickly show you another one. Okay, this is the second missionary journey. Don't get all overwhelmed. We will go through it one by one, but I'm just showing you for your information. Okay, so now they are in Antioch. Can you see everyone? Yes, we can see them. Okay, okay, great, great. Okay, so basically they are in Antioch right now. And they are trying to, the idea which they got is let's go back, you know, to all those places. Same, Dabi, Listra, Iconium, Antioch. And then we will see that apart from these places, this was the these are the places of the first missionary journey. But they are going to go beyond. Okay, they're going to go to other places as well. So it will be, they'll go off into Macedonia, this place called Macedonia. And I think you can see some of the, you know, kind of the seaside places, which are port cities and well connected with other cities. So it's easy for them to go over there, spend some time. So we'll see they'll go to Macedonia, Philippi is one place where they will go. Then from there, the journey continues, right? Amphipolis, Apollonia, then slowly they will come over here to Thessalonica, they'll go to Beria, right, then Achaea, then Athens, Corinth. So the journey will go on like this Ephesus. So this is a longer journey, which they're undertaking. The initial journey was somewhat shorter, only over here in this region. Okay, of I think, is it Galatia? Yeah, in this region. But we are going to go beyond this region and move on to Macedonia in the second missionary journey. So that is like an overall picture, but we will come back. We will look at this map once again, just an idea for us. So now they're coming up with the, what do you call, they're coming up with idea that we must go back, let us now go back and visit our brethren in every city, where we have preached the word of the Lord and see how they are doing. So class, are you able to listen to me and is my video, I feel like my video is stuck. Yeah. Are you all there? Is my video stuck? Yes. Oh, okay, not sure why that's happening, just a moment. Let me switch it off, switch it on. Yeah, again, it is stuck. I don't know. The connection is fine. Okay, anyway, it doesn't matter. As long as you can hear me, I think it's okay. So that is the plan to go. And you notice, their heart, which is to see how the believers are doing. That's a true pastoral heart. That's a true apostolic heart. Now, if we just plant churches and forget about them, at least it's not the biblical way of taking care of churches. Look at the heart of Paul and Barnabas. They did the work, some believers came to know the Lord. Now, what happened to them? Are they continuing the right teachings? Are they still holding on to the faith? You know, and are they growing stronger in the Lord? These are all questions, which they were concerned about, and they really deeply cared for the believers in all the cities where they had ministered. So they don't want to leave them and abandon them, but go back and check what is their spiritual health like? Is there any help which is required from us? So that is their heart and they want to go and visit them. Now, while planning this trip, we usually plan our trip. Okay, what are we going to do? What are the subjects we are going to teach? Who are the people who can go with us? How much time are we going to spend there? So we kind of think about all these things. Now, you have Barnabas, who decides that he wants to take John Mark with him. You remember John Mark? We said that John Mark, when the first missionary journey started, he was with Paul and Barnabas, but he immediately, right after, I think, Paphos, he decided to go back to Jerusalem. So it's that same John Mark. Barnabas is saying, how about we take him again with us on the journey, but Paul, he gets upset. He says that no, we cannot take John Mark with us because he departed from them while in Pamphylia and he did not go and do the work along with them. So in this, we are able to see the fact that we are co-labourers, co-workers in the kingdom of God, in the church of God. But based on our personalities, it's possible that we disagree with one another. So a disagreement is taking place between who? Barnabas and Paul. We know about the personality of Barnabas. Barnabas is a very accommodating person. How do we know that? We read earlier, when we talked about the early church, we read that. He was a Levite. He was very generous. He brought resources to the church when they wanted to distribute things to people. And later on, we saw when the Jerusalem apostles, they were not willing to entertain Paul. He was the one who first went and said, no, you can trust this man that he is truly a believer now. So you see that he had a very generous, a very accommodating, a very friendly kind of a personality. That is Barnabas for us. What about Paul? We know that Paul comes from a background where he is, he talks about himself. He says, I'm a Pharisee of Pharisees, meaning he was very well learned. And we also noticed that he was passionate, focused, hardworking. It was more about the task. He was so passionate that that's the only thing that he thought about. So it's possible that Paul, because of the way Mark had left them earlier in the first missionary journey, Paul, because of his personality, felt that, hey, this man, John Mark, he is not capable to do any kind of ministry together with us. Okay, because how careless he left us and he was not willing to trust John Mark. Now, on the matter of John Mark, unfortunately, between Paul and Barnabas, what is happening? We are told that became a sharp contention, meaning they disagreed strongly, how strongly to the extent where they parted from one another. Okay, so sad. We don't know. Suppose this contention did not happen. What would have happened to the missionary journeys? Paul would have taken Barnabas along with him. But because this quarrel happened, he left behind, you know, or rather he left Barnabas from his team. Now Barnabas took Mark and he sailed to Cyprus. But Paul decided to choose somebody else. Who is that somebody else? Silas. Silas, the prophet, he was also with them at that time. So Paul decides, okay, fine, I don't want John Mark. If you want John Mark, you take him. And he let Barnabas and John Mark become one team and go on their way. Paul chose Silas and he went on his way. Now, when they had to go again on the missionary journey earlier, the church had blessed these people and send them on the trip. Now again, they are blessing both these teams and sending them on their trip. Now, we don't read too much about Barnabas's missionary journey, but we only read about Paul's missionary journey in the rest of the Book of Acts. So that is how it happens and we will look at it. And we notice here that as they are going through the different regions, Syria and Silicia, they are strengthening the churches. So I've already showed you the map, you know, the different cities where they had gone. So all those places, they are encouraging the believers, they are strengthening them and going forward in the journey. So at this point, let's just take a break class. We'll come back and we will study the rest. Thank you.