 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made significant progress over the last two decades with advances in the development of 3D scaffolds and hydrogels for the reconstruction and regeneration of damaged tissues. These scaffolds and hydrogels can be composed of naturally occurring or synthetic polymers, bio-resorbable inorganic materials, and combinations thereof. Additionally, decelularized tissues and current treatment strategies are being explored for use in tissue engineering. Research into the 3D behavior and multicellular interactions of native tissues has led to the development of in vitro models for further use in clinical trials. Challenges and future prospects of research in this field are also discussed. This article was authored by Sandra Pina, Viviana P. Ribeiro, Catarina F. Marquez, and others.