 This study investigated the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on autophagy in the rat-lung tissue. It found that the presence of diabetes caused an increase in inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and TGF-beta, which can lead to impaired autophagy and increased oxidative stress. Additionally, it observed an increase in LC3-plus cells, indicating an increase in autophagosome formation. This suggests that autophagy may play a role in protecting against the damaging effects of diabetes. This article was authored by Muhammad Gader-Biazidi, Reza Rabar-Ghazi, Issa Rezabaksh, and others.