 은सोग कि लिए अगठा । Boot इसी तब डवे abuses शतुब यार �gender आप दिखछ啦 थो णोंद ठ मी जीगे लआर. घे hai वो आभा पत कर ठी थो अदिन dialog के ले Wake लिए वmaybe लेबर, while the downward sloping curve M P is the marginal product of labor. अब यहांपे अगर लेबर हैर की जाए अप तो H hours work, तो यहांपे जो total output produced होगा, that is equal to OH X M. अंजी हमने ये X point तो क्यो लेबर हैर की, at this particular point, marginal product of labor is equal to real cost of labor, अगर यहांपे अगर यहांपे अगर यहांपे, if there is decrease in labor that is used to carry out the production, तो उसके वैसे क्या होगा, there is decrease in total output that is produced by the labor. तो बख़ अगर यहांपे अगर बग़ मी अगर अगर लेबर है, because of the reduction in labor total output becomes Mo H1 X 1 and this output is less than the original level of the output जीजवौम ने कहाते है, pequा अगर अगर अगर अगर आगर आप जो बग़ इस आप थी आप अगर अजर को बव़ स repository has given us M Oh H X. And because of the reduction in labor there is also increase in the marginal product of labor. अब जहाँ पे अगर हम अज्यूम करें देर is no change in the real cost of the labor, तो अल्टी मेडली क्या होगा, again जो अपकी पास movement होगी labor will be hired up to a hour's work. अल्टी मेडली again, equilibrium will move from x1 to x, के जितने देर x1 production होगी, x1 जो point है अपके पास modern product को, जो denoted कर रहे, वहां पे क्या होगा system is not in equilibrium to achieve equilibrium. अगे लेबर will be hired up to the point of x, और x point पे क्या होगा, margin product of labor is equal to real cost of labor. जब हम underage utilization of labor की बात करतें agriculture sector, तो जे जो underage utilization है, इसकी determination में key role play करता है involvement of the capitalist, capital in the production of agricultural output. अप देर is less capitalistic involvement, तो वहां पे क्या होगा, देर is relatively more underage utilization of the labor in agricultural sector. और यहां पे एक extreme situation क्या होगा, तिया के it might be possible, there is no wage payment system. अप देर is no wage payment system, then units of labor and a unit of labor time become largely redundant. यहां पे margin product of both may be blow to the subsistence, वेज, और इस केस में जो चीज मेटर करेगी, that is the average product of a group as a whole, के वो जो average product है, that is above to the subsistence wage, यहां पे यह चीज मेटर करेगी, और इसी इस को understand करने के लिया हम इस diagram में we are taking labor time in hours along horizontal axis, वहां वर्टिकल एकसेज अबआप to the origin, while number of workers below to the, along vertical axis below to the origin. और यहां पे मेरे पास two downward sloping curves है, एक हम ने लेबल किया है, average product, और जो मेरे पास, और सैकिंग हम ने लेबल किया है, as a marginal product. फिर उसी पेटरन पे एक मेरे पास horizontal line जिस को लेबल किया गया as a subsistence, वेज, if labor is higher up to the point where marginal product is equal to zero, then L to labor time, labor time in hours will be used to carry out the production. यहां पे मार्टिल प्रडक मेरे पास किया है, that marginal product is zero and that marginal product is less than the subsistence wage. जब आप इस लेबल पे every product कि बात को रोगे, to every product is higher than the subsistence wage. और यहां पे जो आप प्रड्वूस हो रहा है, against every product, that to one is greater than S. लेकिन अब इस सिच्वेशन में, when every product matters and marginal product is not a determinant of the labor employed in the agricultural sector, तो वहां पे लेबल विल भी हाँत आप तो the point where every product is equal to subsistence wage. तो the maximum level of labor that can be hired to carry out the production here is up to the L3 labor time hours. और यहां पे हमने आजम्शिन क्या लीए है के working day, number of hours in a working day remains constant. आप जब L3 labor इमप्लोए की जाएगी to carry out the production, every product becomes subsistence wage. तो बहुआप पे marginal product क्या है that is negative. क्याजी आज्म्शिन क्या जीरो आप नेगीटीट माँडिल पार्णाद़़ आप labor time is not inconsistent with the rational worker के it might be possible our rational worker is producing negative is adding negative in the output. but even then he is carrying out, he is carrying out some work. लेगन ये कब होगा, if positive utility is attached to the work. क्या जी यहाँ पे, if someone is getting positive utility by carrying out the work, he will do the work regardless of its effect on the output. क्या the maximum sustainable level of labour that can be achieved वो होगा अपके पास, up to the point where every product is equal to सबसिस्टन्स वेज, और जब यह जोभी आपके पास, total output आप, if that total output is distributed equally among all the labourers then even if marginal product is negative, तो वो चीज मेटर नहीं करेगी। अब इसी चीज़िस को नद करने के लिए, हम इस डियाग्राम में, we are taking labour time in hours along horizontal axis while marginal product and average product along vertical axis. और इसी डियाग्राम के नहींचे हमें एकोर डियाग्राम पेन, एकोर डियाग्राम ड़ा करे, जिस में, vertical axis में, marginal utility of leisure लेईर लेईर लेईर हैं और along horizontal axis, we are denoting the 24 hours of leisure. जे जी जी 0, 1, 2, 3, 18, 20, 24 hours of leisure. अगर में बात कर हूँ नहांपे के when marginal product is equal to 0, at that particular point, marginal utility of leisure क्या है, that is negative. ते परसन is getting negative marginal utility if he spends 20 hours on leisure. अप तो increase, to make his marginal utility from leisure positive को क्या करेगा, अपने leisure time को रोट यूस करेगा. क्या जी वो 20 hours जब 18 hours पे जाएगा, तो वहांपे क्या होगी, then his average product becomes equal to subsistence wage. के instead of using 4 labor time in hours, now he is using 6 labor time in hours. जब वो ये काम करेगा, तो वहांपे क्या होगा, his average product is equal to subsistence wage, but his marginal product is negative. पास करेगा करेगा, अपने जब वो अपने वेशिए है, now the world is facing a situation where the marginal utility attached to work exceeds to the loss of utility resulting from lower average product. तो अपने वेशिया वेशिया वेशिया वेशिया बाहो, some persons who are using more values in their life and work than those with lower average product. कर नलीग सगी तो, तुव्वात आलीग कीदरा, अपना वाईकी बचरी आन्पीः देखाल ना करीगा को होती है, यह सेब साचइती को offload, because of lower average product. ृ तुव्वात ही इसे मैं, तुववात मैं साचइती है, as a whole when societies make production, there are some societies to complete a specific task, it requires much longer time than the others.