 Došlecu na današnji webinar sa temom buka u okolišu, opšti znača i uticaj buke na zdravlje. Tokom današnjih dana moćete čuti mnogo interesantnih informacija, naučićemo nešto o iskustima iz Evropske unije i Švecki. Dakle, ovaj webinar se održava pod okrinjem projekta strategija i akcioni plan zašte okoliša, odnosno šivotne stredine za Bosni Hercegovini. Dakle, putem ovoj projekta po prvi putu Bosni Hercegovini če se strategiješki razmatrati tema zašte okoliša, okoliša odnosno životne stredine, paralelo na svim nivojima blasti, dakle izrađivače se strategija i akcioni plan za nivoj institucija Bosni Hercegovine, Republike Srpske brčko distrikta Bosni Hercegovini. Još jedna značaj jeste način za ovu temu, jeste tu što se po prvi put i buka strategiješki razmatra u okviru, dakle, tematike zašte okoliša. Ovoj projekat je počao u septembru 2019. godine i završča se u aprilu 2022. godine, ovoj većina sam projekat podrazumljeva participatorni pristup za interesirani strane i zapravo stručnjaci i za interesovanje strane iz institucija nevladnog sektora, biznes sektora i sektora koji je zaduže zači za obrazovanje i straživanje, dakle stručnjaci istih oblasti zapravo direktno učestvuju u izradi strategije i akcionog plana po razlištim temama zašte okoliša. A razlište teme koje se u okviru ovu projekta razmatraju su vode, otpad, biloška raznovljku, ostije očuvanje prirode, zatim kvalitet zraka, klimatske promjene i energia, chemijska bezbjednost i buka, upravanje resursima i upravanje okoliša. Dakle, danas ovaj webnar se održava u okviru ove tematske grupje, chemijska bezbjednost i buka i moja ime Melina Džajić-Valjevac, ja sam vodite radni grupje, chemijska bezbjednost i buka, a parad mene zajedno, znači, vodimo radne grupe moj kolega Borstav Malinović, koji će vam u nastavku prestaviti trenutno ostanje u ovoj oblasti. Nakon Boreslova imaćemo vrlo interesantne prezentacije Lize Johansson iz agencije za okoliš, odnosno životno sredinog i švecki, zatim Šarlote Erikson, Karolijska istikuta takođe i švecki, te takođe vrlo interesantna prezentacija od gospodnala Viktora Minkovića iz Rumonije. Od tome ćemo čuti nešto više u nastavku. Ja se možerim da kažem da u okviru ovog webinara predvijedno je da i vi možete postavljati pitanja na koja ćemo odgovoriti kasnjeg dakle kada bude panel dispusija, koristit ću i ovu ikonicu na dnu Q&A gdje možete dakle postaviti pitanja i ja vas pozivam, da to komprezentacija odmah sve što imate da pitate, a prezentatori će, kada uspiju, kada dakle dođe panel dispusija, odgovorati na ta pitanja. Ja bi sad da pozvala koregu Borslav Malinovića da vam prezentira trenutostanju u oblastih nukje u okolišu u Bosni Hercegodu. Izvolite Borslav. Hvala Malinovića. Dobro jutro i odmene svim učestnicima daneske webinara. Ja sam Borslav Malinović i zajedno sa Malinom, moderatom daneskih webinara, a inače u projektu SF2032 uču se mu u radu radnih grupje Himmstra Bezbjednost i Buka, kao kovoljteđe radnih grupje, zajedno sa kolegintom Malinovićom. Inače, radim kao Vandrednji profesor da techničkom fakutetu universiteta u Panjaluci i ja ću vam slodno agend danes samo napraviti kratak uvodu u daneskih tematiku i bestaviti kratak presi trenutostanju oblastih buke u Bosni Hercegodu. Samo mojim potred odmene da bi se vidi ekran. Hvala. Kao što smo radili, či mi radimo u okviru radnih grupje Himmstra Bezbjednost i Buka i povinno se sa tvi je tematice kojih je jedna Buka. U stvari naša oblast je Buka iz okoliša odnosno životne stredine pa bih volio da vam počitam depedicnu Buki i životne stredine Brema direktiva kvad se je depredena Buka u životnih europejsku uniju. Dje je Buka, da ti nisa na kolnežev i povisko zdravili životnu stredinu štetan u vanjskom prostoru iz zanitkom aktivnošju u ključnicu Buka u koremiti u prevozna sresta testovnih prome, željevskih promec, vazvošnih promec, da je Buka ispodluča sa industrijskim gelatnostima. Bodluče ove direktivije ne pokriva Buka koja je zaziva sama iznožena osoba Buka svakodelnih ključnjih aktivnosti Buka istambelnih prostora u željubih vlasti ne pokriva Buku na radnom mješku Buku unita prevozi stava i Buka boga vojnjetilnosti u vojnih odlučima. Navedena direktiva Evropske unije nalaže stvedeće mjera. To je izreda karata Buka uključima je javnosti izredu aktivnjih pannova. Ovo mi je čelo mnogo više reći danes naši predavači, a ovdje desno vidite jedan screenshot sa sajta Evropske agenci Zašto životne se vidite i te su spekazane veliki, brlostratiški karat Buka je u zemljima čantsema Evropske unije. Tada govodimo o to jednog mostanju pokrijednićemo pošto mi na projektu uhratamo se 4 juristikcije koje znamši njivo Bosne i Herzegovne, njivo entiteta i njivo Brčko distripta Bosne i Herzegovna. Na BH-nivol izdučene nadežnosti na bih posne samo u pogledu Buka u transportu a pojom pokriva ministarstvo komitacije transporta Bosne i Herzegovne ministarstvo vanjski trivom nekomonski hvornos Bosne i Herzegovne i direkcije za civilno zakoplovstvo Bosne i Herzegovne. Sve navedene institucije imaju na raspolagani njih zakonstvih pod zakonstvih akata i to je dobro pokriveno među tim u Bosni i Herzegovni na nivol Bosne i Herzegovne posto izrađene karte i buke statiške karte i buke niti akcijskih karta. Stanja u federaciji Bosne i Herzegovne je nešto bolje jer postoji nas nazije zakon zašto od Bukke veđutim to jedinih popisku i reguliše Buku zakon neskedi struktur direkcije i oprocije lipljana Bukom i životne strebini i ne daje dobro pravno opir za njeno transformovanih upravni sistem Bosne i Herzegovne. Zakon predvija izrađenog studi i elucina na okoliš u slučajih postođenja koje mogu poizvesta odveđeni nivol Bukke međutim pregoldom svi prosto nitonova federacija i kantona nimi je stanavljenog pisluvstva izrađeni karta buke i niti akcijni pan. Stane u republice srpskoje nešto lošije Bukas se spominje u zakonu zašto životne sjedne odnosno regulisane tim i zakonu u članu petne se navodi da će se posebni prokosom lieti Buka koja je doda ovi menata životne sredine međutim normiranje intensiteta Bukke se vrši sa pravinnikom koji je donesno još davnih 1989. godne pravinnikom oddozili granicama intensiteta Zvuka i Šuva. Zakonu takođe niti predvija na izveda srateški karata Bukke kao nijakcijni pan. Oba skupijana Bukom s toga se ne raspoložite informacimo postav i aktivnosti i tenutnoj oblasti. Stanje Bukom distuktije možemo reči svično kao i u republice Srtkoj postoji zakon o zašto životne sredine Bukom distukt, tako i sadoži nekog odreda bako je s odnase da Buku a kada govorimo enisima Bukje tenutno se primenje pravili poddozili granicama intensiteta Zvuka i Šuva i sredio 1989. godne. Istavda karata Buk i akcijni planova takođe nije dio zakonske begotije Bukom distuktu i nismo tazili postojenje mistim. Nakrpo će samo osvrmiti na dosadašnje aktivnosti naše radne grupe imali smo održana dva sastanka za sve unitice pa da mogu reći da je v stvari bilo oseb sastanaka a unutar naše stratiješko vci da koji je već postavljen na početku projekta naše radne grupe očuvanje dvipko uzravlja pobrijšanje dobrovita i porteta životra za sve mi smo otvredili neki od klučnih misazova koje su manje više svični za sve uniticije koje pokrivamo a to je da postajne adekvatnog zakupko gokvira kojih se reguliše pravna tekom neblogovski un i oblasti Buk je u životnoj sredini isperzije nedobodno jasno nismo kao da je nadožno te pokroje duprenja Buk u životnoj sredini i oblasti Buk u životnoj sredini usko stala koji je korinacio mehanizma i jasno isprinacio kvalike implementacije zakupko gokvira usko stala eupravno tekomno sredini isperzije nedobodno jasno isperzije nedobodno jasno isperzije nedobodno jasno isperzije nedobodno i oblasti Buk u životnoj sredini usko stala tekomno napeđeno srateško planiranje monitorin Buk u napeđeno znamnije javnosti i napeđeni kapistet javni słužbenika javnosti ovo koji je Buk u životnoj sredini želite bude naglasti znači da je ovo rezultat rada radni grupa koji imaju popejučno velik broj učestnika i za kraj danošnji buvoda pozvodi sve učestnike danošnji webnara pošto sem čalova i učestnika da svih pokušati da pinjeti izrebi srate i životnoj javnosti do plana sbh srplasi bude e-konsultacija više informacije oto da možete naći na našnem sajku rrrr srplčka da prvi cip u svek konsultacija je panjena sad za ovar period ono što je potrebno jeste da odajete na website registručete se i putem i mjelo 4 dobro dobijete newsletter i moćete da učestvete u radu srate i životnoj u razvolj srate i životnoj sine i jakcionopata takođe nas možete zapratiti i na Facebook stranici sbh sbh Toliko odmene za ovaj uvod Melina Hvala Barislava izvrstan uvod zapravo želim da van kažem još da je ovaj webinar upravo i planiran kako bi se malo ovaj povečala znanja učestnika radnih grupa pred predstojići dakle sastana kradnih grupa koji će se oddržati krajem ovog mjeseca i još jednu svar želim da kažem prije nego što pređemo na sljedeću prezentaciju od Lize Johansson jeste da vi možete odabrati opciju jezika bezušno opciju vi ste dobliti sve upute u okviru e-maila u okviru pozinci veđutim još jednom da napomenim da koristite ovu dole ovaj nadnu ekrana ikonu u obliku glubusa gdje možete kliknuti i odabrati ovaj BH jazik i takle imati ove prezentacije na lokalnom jaziku dakle ja našim jaziku ja bi sada ovaj na javla Lize Johansson iz agencije za životnu za okoli životnu sredinu iz švecki evo sada možete vidjeti udej njenu kratku biografiju rani je radila kao konstupant za akustiku a ima ispustva umjerinju nivaga buke mapiranju buke i programama za ubležavanje buke od rungskog železnčku i avijosa obračaja i industri pa evo pozivam Lize da imam se obrati za svom prezentaciju Lize dva dobro u ovom prezentaciju imam samarizacirati kako uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete uvijete i zaštrije. Mjela padne vam, da je bilo akustijan, da ga uživam izmačno veči i uživam za otvarno 15 ljudi u vrstu u projektaj učinima. Učinima, nije u vrstu u vrste na njevnu opuštavati i u Vljude stakom, koje se učinila da je učinima projekta. Nijakštima projekta, we underestimated the time and effort it took to finalize that project. It took much longer than expected and actually became a substantial financial loss for the company I work with. On the upside, we learned a lot and I have later worked with other cities that are about to do noise mapping, i sveka o drugi učin i svoj učin, u progresu. Pobedite se na vrlo, sveka. Učin regulacije u Učin je vrlo dvija u dva pake. Prvom, su se se postavlja regulacije učinu učinu. Učin, učin učin i učinu. I tako je kako je učinu učinu o E&D. Počinu, da svoje učinom učinu, učinu učinu, učinu učinu, u👍 na firma sve neselike u componento nisu doljda u 1 u 5 u EU. And they should also produce an action plan every five years to show how they plan to reduce the numbers of exposed to noise. And as I said, I will go into more detail about the END later today. As for the regulations, they are, as I said, specijnoj ruočim vizljenijih regulacije za učini viditi učini sami učini i učini svet i očini. Posledajte do svoju určini. Pa do učini na učini viditi učini. Parti o učini. Tu stajomi�� učini za učini na učini učini se gleda učini na točnih vizljenjima. I spasфировati koriljama. And there is also specific regulations concerning tire noise, since one of the major sound sources for traffic noise is the connection between the road surface and the tire. And you might've seen the classification in the image to the right for tires, where it's specified how the tire performs in terms of fuel consumption, grip, on-back surfaces add also noise. And these kinds of classifications are meant to make it easier for the consumers to do an informed choice when buying new tires. Next slide. For railroads, there are also several regulations that in different ways concern noise. I will not go into every detail of these, but one of the bigger questions that have been discuss in the EU these latest few years is a ban on railway brakes of castor iron on freight trains. Changing the brakes to composite materials would significantly reduce the noise emitted from the trains. But it has also been shown that composite brakes, the quieter ones that they want to change to, are not as safe as castor iron brakes in very cold temperatures. And since railway carts are meant to travel all across Europe, and they are very much international, then travel across the country borders, they must work both in the warmth of southern Spain, for example, and in the cold northern Finland. And this is a typical example where you have to weigh the environmental factors against what could possibly be an obstacle for the free trade in the EU. Next slide. For aircraft noise, there is also limits concerning noise emission. Older aircrafts with high noise emission, so-called Chapter 3 aircrafts, are banned from many European airports. And the regulation of aircrafts is in many ways international, with the international organ ICAO responsible for most of the policies concerning traffic safety and environment from aircraft. There is also the European Organ EASA, working with similar questions. The member states in EASA is the EU and a few others, like Norway. And Bosnian Heisegovina is one of the pan-European partners to EASA, and is such cooperating with EASA in some of the agreements, but they are not as of today a full member. And you can change slide. And finally, there is a European directive concerning noise emissions from equipment used outdoors. And this directive is targeting a broad range of equipment. And as you can see from the examples in the pictures, it is everything from large machines and vehicles used for ground works and contracting, down to small privately owned lawn movers. And this directive includes both limit values for noise emission, for certain equipment, and also standardized methods for noise measurements that can be used for many kinds of equipment. So it's a very broadly targeting directive. And next slide. And apart from the noise emission, there is also the environmental noise directive that targets the exposure rather than the emission from noise sources. And in short, the ENV says that large cities, railroads, airports and roads, should calculate noise maps and the number of inhabitants exposed to noise every five years and report this to the EU. And they should use standardized methods to do these calculations. And then they should also make an action plan every five years on how to reduce noise and how to reduce the numbers of exposed. And that action plan should also be reported to the EU every five years. And as I said, I will later today go into detail on how to work with the ENV and what steps needs to be taken to fulfill the requirements of the ENV. So I will not go into more detail about that now. So this part was the short summary of the EU regulations in general. And then after we have heard Shalota, I will return to talk more about the ENV. Thank you. Hvala, Liza. Sada nam slijedi prezentacija od Shalota Erikson, Karolinska institut. Možda, evo, da vidimo i njenu biografiju. Takve Dr. Shalota Erikson je ekološki epidemiolog. U Centru zaradnu ekološku medicinu u štokomu istraživaš na institutu za ekološku medicinu, Karolinska institut, najvažnja istraživanja koja provodi tiču se uticaja upravo izloženosti u uci iz okuženja na zdravlje s naglaskom na kardio vaskula na i obaljenja metabolizma. Vama često dakle učestvuje u procjenama zdravstvenog rizika s obzirom na buku iz okoline, na regionalnom, nacionalnom i mednarodnom nivog. Shalota Izvalte. Yes, good morning everyone. I'm Shalota Erikson. And I would like to thank you for this opportunity to present on the impact of noise on human health. Next slide please. So as we've heard, the definition of community noise according to the END, the environmental noise directed, is that it is unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by human activity. For instance, noise emitted at different means of transport, road, railway, aircraft traffic, and also industrial noise or activities. But there are of course many other sources around us. For instance, construction work, noise from neighbors, restaurants, bars, waste management and more. So the picture is rather complex when it comes to noise exposure in general. Next slide please. Community noise is also an increasing problem and it is actually one of our most common environmental problems. And it's also a problem that continues to increase. We have in Sweden, we now have 85% of the population living in urbanized areas. And we also have an increase of traffic or transports and the densification and building of new homes in really noise polluted areas. Next please. It has been estimated that approximately 20% of the European population live in areas where the traffic noise levels can be harmful to human health around 55 dB. And the major source is road traffic followed by railway noise, aircraft noise, and also industrial noise. But this is likely to be an underestimation since the European Environmental Noise Directive does not cover all areas of the EU. Next please. So in 2018 the WHO came out with new environmental noise guidelines with the aim to provide recommendations for protecting human health from exposure to environmental noise originating from various sources. And this regulation was based on several systematic reviews and meta-analysis on critical health effects of noise. And you can see the link to the document here in my slide. Next please. So there are many different health effects from following noise exposure. At very high noise levels it may cause difficulties for the hearing organ and cause hearing loss and even tinnitus. But this is mostly common in occupational settings. So when it comes to more moderate noise levels from community noise, we have a number of other responses. For instance, a general annoyance response, difficulties in communication and speech perception, loss of concentration, and also effects on cognitive functioning. Noise exposed populations also often experience sleep disturbances and may be found in a state of chronic stress, which in turn may enhance the risk for several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. For instance, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, and obesity. So I would like to go through the evidence on some of these health outcomes here for you now. Next please. Noise annoyance is the most common effect in noise exposed populations. It is a subjective experience of discomfort and irritation, the rising from unavoidable sounds. And usually it's measured by self-report, the percentage of highly annoyed in a population denoted percent h a, highly annoyed. And the degree of annoyance depends on a large number of factors. It is closely related, of course, to the characteristics of the sound, the volume, the frequency, the duration, and the temporality to mention some. Next please. The annoyance response also depends on the situation you're in, what time of day it is, and what type of activity you're engaging yourself in, like sleeping, resting, reading, or some more activity. It also depends on who you are, your personal factors, age and mental and physical health, your attitudes towards the noise source, and also coping mechanisms. That is your possibilities to avoid the noise. Next please. So on a population level we can see clear exposure response patterns between noise levels and the proportion of highly annoyed in the population. So WHO has defined 10% highly annoyed as a so-called critical effect, and this is reached at about 53 dB LDN for road traffic, 54 for railway traffic, and already at 4 to 5 dB LDN for aircraft traffic. Next please. So it seems that aircraft noise at any given level is the most disturbing of these traffic noise sources. This figure shows an example from Stockholm data, where you can clearly see that the annoyance response is much higher for aircraft than for road traffic and railway noise. But of course the annoyance response in a population is also regulated or moderated by several factors. For example we saw effects of building type, of the construction year of the building, if you have access to quite side or not, and whether or not the building was soundproofed. Next please. This is again an example from our Stockholm population, where we saw an increased risk for reduced communication and speech perception as a function of the road traffic noise. So here we can see an increased reporting of communication problems relating to the outdoor noise level at your home. And this was significant associations for both road, railway and aircraft noise. So a clear exposure response association for all traffic noise sources with communication difficulties. Next please. And noise may also interfere with our cognitive functions, with performance and also with learning. And this is especially true when we have complex tasks with high demands on speech perception, concentration and also memory. Potential mechanisms for this is that sound may mask information and lead to lower speech perception. But noise may also distract our attention, increase stress levels and lead to tiredness and exhaustion. Next please. So children are seen as a particular vulnerable group when it comes to cognitive effects of noise. And children are still evolving both mentally and physically. And their cognitive processes are not completely developed. So they're therefore more easily distracted by sounds in their environment. And studies on traffic noise and cognitive functioning in children show, for example, effects on reading comprehension, deteriorated standardized tests, worsened memory functioning and also effects on children's motivation to finish tasks. So a sort of learned helplessness. The so-called RANGE study is the today largest study available on cognitive effects of children in children of noise. So it involved approximately 2000 children in the ages 9 to 10 years. Going to schools around three major European airports. It was Schiphol in Amsterdam, Barajas in Madrid and also Heathrow London. And in this particular study they found associations between aircraft noise and impaired reading comprehension, episodic memory, working memory and also sustained attention. But there were no associations with road traffic here. Next please. Turning to sleep disturbances. Sleep is a necessity for both physical and mental health. It is an important outcome per se, but it is also important as a mediator to more serious illness. For example, sleep problems have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, obesity and also depression. Sleep can be measured both objectively through, for example, polysomnography, EEG activity and muscle tonus, or subjectively through self-report of high sleep disturbance. This figure shows the normal sleep structure, a stable sleep structure over the night of approximately eight hours. It shows different sleep stages from quite deep sleep in the beginning of the night to more lighter sleep, REM sleep or dream sleep in the end of the night. And especially the deep sleep, the short wave sleep, is important for restoration and memory consolidation. Next please. So this is what happens when we have a night with disturbed sleep, noise disturbed sleep. So we have a reduced total sleep time due to, for example, insomnia, awakenings during the night and also early awakenings in the morning. So what happens is that we have a fragmented sleep pattern with short repairs of coherence shortwave sleep and REM sleep. We also have cardiovascular arousers, for example, increases in blood pressure and heart rate and an increased level of stress hormones, for example cortisol. And this is possible since the auditory system is always open for impressions even when we sleep. Next please, yes. So this shows you that there is an association between noise levels within the bedroom and the probability of sleep-stabe changes or awakenings due to road traffic, aircraft and railway noise. So you can see that the more noise we have in our bedroom, the greater is the risk of going into lighter sleep stages or even to a state of awake. Next. There are also on a population level clear exposure associations between noise levels outdoor in the residential areas and the percentage in the population reporting being highly sleep disturbed. And again we can see here that aircraft noise seems to be more disturbing than road traffic and railway noise at any particular noise level. When it comes to the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of community noise, there are several potential biological mechanisms present here. So in the acute phase noise may actually cause a stress response through the activation of our sympathetic nervous system and also the endocrine system. So what happens is that we have hemodynamic and metabolic and immunological effects. Of this noise exposure. For example, we have an increase in stroke volume and heart rate, vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure and also release of free fatty acids and mobilizacional glucose to mention a few. And in the long run noise exposure may lead both to annoyance and sleep disturbances as we talked about, but also may cause a dysregulation of the stress mechanism. And this would lead to an increased risk of several cardiovascular diseases. For instance, then hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. And also during recent years it's been speculating that noise may actually also cause metabolic outcomes in terms of increased risk of obesity, glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes. Next please. So this is just to show you where we are at with regards to state of research at the moment. And this is based on the WHO literature reviews and meta-analysis. So for the evidence on hypertension, high blood pressure. These studies have mainly focused on road traffic noise. So there are at the time at 2015 26 cross-sectional studies showing an increased risk of about 5 percent pretend decibel increase in noise level. But there were only one present cohort study, which is longitudinal. So this is a limitation. And the WHO actually graded the evidence as low quality due to the fact that we had studies of rather low quality, the cross-sectional rather than the longitudinal design. Next please. However, with regards to ishemic heart disease, such as myocardial infarction, the evidence is rated as high quality. And this is because there are several longitudinal studies which have followed people up in time for a quite long time. And see that noise is actually associated with an increased risk of incident ishemic heart disease. And this evidence is the strongest for road traffic noise with a relative risk of 1.08, which means that we have an 8 percent increase in risk per 10 dB noise level. And it is statistically significant. Next slide. And this shows the exposure response association. And as you can see, the risk of ishemic heart disease seem to increase with increasing noise level, starting from approximately 50, somewhere 55 dB l10. Next. The evidence on outcomes such as stroke, obesity, and diabetes. Diabetes is more scarce. We have fewer studies and they are mainly of cross-sectional design, which limits then our possibilities to infer causality. But we do have some studies indicating associations. And as we've talked about, we have also clear biological mechanisms underlying these associations, which warrants then continuous research. But overall, the WHO graded the evidence as low quality, mainly because of a lack of studies. Next. So just to finish off, a few words about the noise abatement strategies, which we will hear more also from VISA in a short while. In Sweden, we follow the European environment noise directive since we are a member state of the EU. And this is the main instrument to identify noise pollution levels and to trigger necessary actions. And these are recurrent processes, recurring in cycles of five years, with noise mappings and also noise action planning. And we are now also turning to development of common noise exposure assessment methods to be able to compare data more across Europe. Next. So these are just some examples on how you can tackle noise issues and how you can actually reduce noise exposure in populations and prevent the noise exposure effects on health in the population. So to start with, to adhere to the WHO noise guidelines and also to the national guidelines is of crucial importance. You must also take noise into account early on in the planning process to prevent the harmful effects. For example, you have to be careful with placement of new residential areas, schools, roads, railways and airports, et cetera. You should also turn to building construction and promote the building or construction of quiet courtyards. Make sure the installation of buildings is adequate and also take into account the bedroom positioning in the buildings during the night so that people can sleep well. You can also tend to the traffic situation as such. For example, traffic can be routed outside the city center, at least the heavy traffic. Or even if you have the possibility, you can lead the traffic below ground in tunnels. You can work on speed limits, lower speed, it really reduces noise. Implementation of electric cars can lead to at least at lower speeds reduce the noise. You can work with low noise tires, as mentioned, there are regulations in the EU for this. You can have quiet asphalt. We have worked a lot with this in Sweden to try to produce asphalt, which is low noise emissions. You can also work with local noise screens and other technical solutions in existing buildings, such as changing windows or ventilations to more sound reduction variants. And finally, you as an individual can also have different coping mechanisms to cope with the noise. For example, use of ear plugs or keeping your windows closed. So this is just a battery of examples of how you can work with reducing harmful effects of noise in your population. And with that, I would like to thank you and show this, I think, beautiful green noise screen, which not only reduces noise, but also promotes biological diversity. So many thanks. Da kažem, veoma interesantno bilo čuti ove uticaje na djecu u razvorju. Vjerujem da je ostalnim učestnicima nisa vznala za te informacije. Hvala vam na ovako istrkno i vrlo zanimljivoj prezentaciji, koja je zaslava na, zapravo, na studijama. Vrlo obsežnim studijama, za koji je kvalitet podataka i potvrđeno od svijetske zdravstvene organizacije. Evo, mi smo završili i malo rani s ovom prezentacijom, koju minutu da tako kažem, sada po našoj agendi slijedi i jedna krača pausa, pa evo imačemo pauzu od nekih pettaj sminuta, dakle počinjemo ponovu u deset cati, nastavit ćemo tada sa prezentacijom gospodina Viktora Minkovića iz Rumunije, ali o tome je posle paose. Nastavljamo sa webinarom, nadam se da su u među vremenu oni učestnici koji su imali neke tehnike probleme, uspjeli da ih odkone. Evo, ja ću reći da nas trenutno prati 95 učestnikarštvi i veoma smo zadovoljni takle zbog toga. U dokom današnjih dana, dakle uspjeli ste čuti našto o pravnim pekovnama Evropskie unije koje nalažu određene zahtjeve po pitanju buke u okolišu. Zatim uspjeli ste čuti našto i o direktnim uticajima na ljudsku zdravlje od buke. A sada ćemo čuti našto i o implementaciji na Evropskie regulativi uvez sa bukom iz okoline. Od strane gospodina Viktora Minkjevića iz generalnih direkcija za procjenu. Evo imamo ovde sada i biografiju. Dakle gospodin Minkjević je savjetnik u Ministerstvu životnej sredini okoliša Rumin. Rumunije gdje radi već 16 godina na pitanjima procjeni i upravljanja buku. Njegove aktivnosti ukruću izradu na crta i zagovaranje zakona u oblasti buke u cili transpozicije i praćenja implementacije direktive o buci u Rumoniji. Učešće u radnim grupama u oblasti buke koje organizuje Evropska Komisija i Evropska Agencija za okoliš. Učešće u TAEX misijama na temu buke za zajednicu Turaka na Kipro. Učešće u provinanju, u kvalitonu, u kvalitonu da čutite presentaciju gospodina Viktor. Hello everybody. You hear me? Okay, thank you. Cuvijemo, čuvijemo iz Voliton? Okay, thank you. My name is Viktor Minkjević. Mojc. Ja sam hodim da sam se ovo, i sada učinu nješto je učinutka dvija o učinu nema, vrenu da sam učinu učinu da sam na tog mečika učinu prvno i našto da sam da sam učinu. To sam da sam da sam učinu našto da sam učinu našto učinu da sam učinu. I sada sam svoju čaoču, u svijeg rovom u Confiru, u 155 kolove. Prokona za svijetne odnočene u Romani, prije i pre Bulgaria u EU, priče beingsi zboju u Unijani. Učinam da se je značilo, da je sve 2007, da je se se je značilo u ročini u Rumena, u Rumena u ročini se je značilo, da je sve sve sve sve sve sve sve. U učinama u učinama u Politechniku, Togada u Bukareciciju, u 17-cijnih, u Bukareciciju svoje nožne mapi, ali svoje uživajte način. Uživajte nožne način u ovom citi, u ovom citi, u paštima, u Ciciciju, u uživajte način, u uživajte način u komunistu periodu. U obkuzitavu, u prvi periodu, je otvorezio. Preča u obkuzitavu, u kvalike i publike rupi, u svima zrdu kvalike, u svima populaciju. I to bolje otvorezio otvorezio. There was also a national standard at that time, which provides limit values for noise in urban areas. This national standard exists also now, but in the updated version. In the 2004-2007 period was the period of preaccession of EU of Romania. In that period we ensured the first implementation of the first transposition of N in our legislation. I dat we didn't have a member state, this transposition was not a full transposition. Čakaj, sveče, da se malo da se počutili. Čakaj. Na koncu obrženju, koji je prvičo stavila na 2005-2005, na 1. vrlo u Unijan-Urbini na 2007-u, Rumenija treba staviti strategije nječe možete na 9 ukljomiraciju, 1 vrlo učinje, učinje 250 000 kilometrvih vrljave, vrljave i učinje 67 000 kilometrvih vrljave. Pa to je učinjeno za njim učinjenima, da je učinjena na uročnog uročnog. I na njim učinjenima na uročnog uročnog. I nije nema bilo se pristim na ovaj propočin i na pristim na začinjima na uročnog. In this government decision for 2005, which showed the first transposition of ending our legislation, the responsibility, the out of the responsible authorities were generally defined, but as well as aglomeration, main road, major airport and major railways, ali se bi se ipotirati. Jer sam opractivnog pijela, samo kredit u stativu isotirati. Ta odreća je već duža da Understanding hlasiraju od urodima na 2007. Imati da popromoći to situacije, na 2007 sam opravimo Prvo je modifizacijaća u vene u vrloćosti Kraljima, koji se učinjala nasobčinima u našem legislaciju. Uvij即 da učinimo učinu ušlične vrločne, na kojima su da je učinila učinu učinu i učinu, ili da učinimo učinu učinu učinu učinu učinu učinu, o rapešnjem, poslustanjem u jebdu i u vratu. Objag u glasbenih ovoj legislacijima, svoju u shreddedima, o vollima, o okoromima i drugih설ima. U 2018-2011-i periodu 어제 viševa objevana izmahnoga, i regulacije za noćnog imuća. Učeštavno, ovaj gala ne značila za prvi rada noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća. Učeštavno, ovaj gala ne značila za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuća za noćnog imuć Oče, u stavljenju stavljenju, nećemo se da učniti koralizacije učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti učniti. Kada vam na zaista izvrstvnoj prezentaciji, meni je bila takođe veoma interesanta način uzevši u obzir da je i Bosta i Hecegovna se priprema za prestupanje Evropskoj uniji i veoma interesantno čuti da iskusa iz Rumunije koja su od 2007 godne pa do danas u nekoliko navrata je usavršavali proces mapiranja i izradi akcionih planova. Što je da kažem na neki način veoma zgodan primjen za učestnike radnih grupa kad sada kada budemo izrađivali određene mjere, da imamo osjećaja koriku s čime da krenemo uzevši u obzir da ni naši istitucionalni kapaciteti mi su na zadovoljavevacim nivou kada je u pitanje, u upravljanje bukom, mogu da ću napudući cijeli Bosta i Hecegovni, a evo u suđujem se reći i javnost nije, kako da kažem, dovoljno osvješćena učicaju buke. Sada smo završli s svim prezentacijama koje smo imali u planu danas i sada nam slijedi panel diskusija, kada ću ja pročitati... Nalina, Nalina, mislim da imamo još drugi dio Bosta dživjohan sej. Ja nisam to ću biložila u ovde, oprste, hvala Borslave, da imamo i drugi dio ovaj prezentacij, Lisaickeda isvolte. Little I will continue this presentation with going more into detail about environmental noise directive and what it contains and what kind of work that needs to be done to fill what is in the directive. Pušiš učiniti sl'drnu vratu. Zdajo je slid, koji njih moram 생각ati, ozvrdu, ljuda ENDa i da se potv pressure su učiniti, tako da brimo otvorečenje učinitiju dio novom environmentom i koliko je početnji ono svoj neko njih. Učinit i elementom učiniti. Leti učiniti to vrsti ljuda da ga je nadao, i sve ne početnja veća Čista je da je izvijednjak, a neću začo je vrština u njegi, u neku dupu 100,000 im. I da se možeš da je u vrštini u vrštini, u neku u svu vrštini i u vrštini. To je su načinu vrštu. U 2017, Vrštu Vrštu načinu u vrštini, u njegi, u 501 učnog učnog u svom prvom u EU. 420 000 km rada 50 000 km rada i 89 km rada. So it's quite a large task that is being done in the EU every five years of mapping these cities and infrastructure. You can change the slide. Before we go into more detail about the EMG, I want to mention the noise indicators that we are using. They have been mentioned before today and I thought we could just define what they mean. The noise mapping should report the LDM level, which is the day, evening and night level, and also the night level at night. The LDM is the year averaged equivalent noise level, where the noise level at night has a penalty of 10 dB, and this is because people tend to be more sensitive to noise disturbances at night. And the noise level on evenings also have a penalty of only 5 dB. And the time intervals for the evening period and the night period can vary between countries, but it's often the ones that I show on these slides. In some countries they have postponed the evening and the night one hour, but they should always be four hours of evening and eight hours of night. But the night can start at 11 o'clock instead of 10 o'clock. And then there is the night level, which is the equivalent level without any penalties for eight hours of nights, often from 10 p.m. LDM is often used also to estimate the risk of sleep disturbances. There are other noise indicators used throughout Europe, like the 24-hour equivalent level without any penalties. And in some cases also the L-max is used, which is the maximum noise level during a certain specific period of time. The L-max is most commonly used for industrial noise, but also in some cases for estimating sleep disturbances with indoor noise. There are also different ways to calculate or estimate the negative health effects, such as annoyance, sleep disturbance, and increased risk of heart disease. One way to do that is to calculate the cost for society for different kinds of negative health effects. That cost can then be used for a cost benefit analysis for different noise reduction measures. And in the next round of noise mapping, according to the END, the member states should also report a cost of the negative health effects for the first time. One other indicator that can be used is Daileys. And Daileys is an abbreviation for disability-adjusted life years. And that includes both life years lost due to premature deaths, due to disease, and also life years affected by disease, such as high blood pressure or disability, such as hearing loss. And the Swedish Transport Administration did an estimation of Daileys due to noise a few years ago in Sweden and calculated it to be about 40,000 Daileys per year. And that includes about 500 premature deaths per year. And that can be correlated to the population in Sweden, which is about 10 million people. Within the EU, it is estimated that noise leads to about 450,000 Daileys per year due to high annoyance alone. And the same amount for sleep disturbance. And then about 150,000 Daileys per year due to ischemic heart disease. So adding these numbers up for the whole Euridion, it tends to be quite high figures showing that the noise is, in fact, a major significant source for negative health. You can change slide. The environmental noise directive can be seen as part of a noise reduction toolbox. We have regulations for noise sources on the EU level and those can also be complemented with national policy. Then there are instruments that can be used in planning and abating noise in exposed areas. It can be noise regulations in national planning policies and also regulations in environmental permits for activities or industries that emit noise. And finally, to know where to make measures and to evaluate if measures have taken have had an effect, there is the noise mapping and the following action plans. And if you work with these tools, the result should be in a reduction in the number of people exposed to noise and as such following a reduction of the negative health effects which leads to lower costs for society, but also of course a possibility of higher quality of life for those affected. Change slide please. As I said, the END consists of one part that is the noise mapping and one part that is the action plans. And you can boil that down to finding the answer to questions. How big is the problem and what should we do about this? The noise maps seem to get, often get attention in media. The cities like to go out and present the noise maps when they are finished and some cities are also making them available on the city website. The action plan usually doesn't get the same attention, but in fact it's the action plan that in many ways can be considered to be more important because there is where you decide what to do to actually reduce the noise. The future noise exposure is very much depending on the ambition level of the action plan and which I will talk about a bit later. The END doesn't really say anything about what you should do to reduce environmental noise or what actions that should be taken, only that you should have an action plan. And then it is up to the parties responsible to fill the action plan with effective measures. Next slide. And here is a flow chart that shows the different parts of the END taken from a report by the European Environmental Agency about noise in Europe. It's a very good report to read if you are interested in these questions. And I think Shalota also showed the same picture earlier today. Here you can see the flow chart what that should be done according to the END in the first years which sources that should be mapped, the major roads, the major railways, airports and the aglomerations. And what steps that needs to be taken. You need to collect the data, you need to do a noise modeling and validation of that model and you need to determine the population and building exposure. After that you should report the results from the noise mapping as noise contours and also tables with how many people that are exposed in different sound level intervals. And after that is the next step of developing the action plan where you need to identify where do we have the hotspots, where do we have the most exposed, do we have areas of other kinds that needs to be treated in some kind. We have schools and preschool yards, you have recreational areas et cetera. And this process will repeat itself. So when you are finished with the noise mapping you will do the action plan and when the action plan is done you can start working with the next round of noise mapping. And you might also, yeah, you can change slightly please. The first step that should be taken even before beginning working with the END is to decide which parties on what levels that should be responsible for different activities. And here you need to look at how the nation with its entities, regions and cities are organized. How is the responsibility best distributed among the stakeholders? You might also want to consider if the result of the noise mapping can have other uses. If you are doing these large scale calculations can you for example use them in planning purposes as well. Synergiz with other uses would make the work more efficient. And you also need to think if you are already doing parts that is required for the END. For example, if you have a program for noise abatement around the major roads already. Next slide. The things you need to consider when organizing the work in the END is who holds the data necessary for doing noise mapping. Like the information on traffic intensity on the roads. And who holds maps and these data with buildings and terrain. And these are parties that you need to evolve early in the process to do the noise mapping. And then there is the question on who has use of the results. Noise mapping is a large project and as I said it can be gained by using the results for more than just reporting to the EU. Noise mapping over city can be used for planning for example. For the action plan it is also of outmost importance to think through which stakeholders have the legal and factual right to do a certain measure. Some measures can be done by national or city administrations but for others you need to cooperate with private companies or private homeowners. And finally you should also consider how to share the knowledge among the parties working with the END in one way or another. Especially since this is a project that returns every five years it is important to gather experience and to improve the work going on to the next phase. Making it easier and getting results with higher quality. For this you will probably want to have some kind of cooperation between national and the local administrations and also with accusations and other experts in for example environmental medicine. Next slide. As an example I have tried to summarize how the responsibilities for the END is distributed in Sweden. On the national level we have the Environmental Protection Agency where I work and we have the responsibility to collect the results from noise mapping and the action plans and then reporting them to the EU. And we also share a national network where the parties involved in the END meet and share knowledge and information on a regular basis. And we are also taking part in the EU working groups concerning the END. Then also on the national level we have the National Transport Administration and they own and manage national roads and railroads and are responsible for noise mapping and action plans for those. And together with the National Airport Company they also produce noise maps and action plans for the major airports. On the regional level we have one public transport company with railway lines that exceeds 30 000 trains per year so they are also included in the END work. And then there are the municipalities with more than 100 000 inhabitants and that is what we count as an agrovermation in the END directive. A city as it is perceived can consist of several municipalities and this leads to that the noise map can be a bit at least perceived as incomplete. If we look at the capital area of Stockholm it consists of more than 10 different municipalities and only two of them had more than 100 000 inhabitants and were in the latest round of noise mapping. So there are gaps in the noise maps if you look at the Stockholm area. And here you might argue that it could have been a better representation if we had had a different definition of aglomeration. But on the other hand it comes back to who has the factual and legal rights to do noise measures and that lies very heavily on the municipalities and getting several municipalities to agree on how to prioritize and find minds noise reducing measures would probably not have been very effective. But that is a decision you have to make when you are organizing the work in the END. Next slide. When you have pinpointed who are the responsible parties those parties needs to start organizing the noise mapping itself. And to do this you need to have an understanding of what is needed for large scale noise calculations. The EU have decided on which calculation models to use. It is called Knossos and they have modules for road, rail, industry and aircraft noise. This image shows primarily the data needed for road noise calculations. And to begin with you need the data on the sources that is the roads themselves. You need the geographic data of the roads where they go with their location and their height in some kind of digital format. And you also need to know how many vehicles per day or per year that passes on the road and how they are just distributed during the day evening and night so you can calculate the LVM value. You also need to know the distribution of different vehicle types how many cars and trucks and buses that go on the road. And you need to know the speed of the road which most often we use the speed limit. And finally you can also need some knowledge of what type of road it is. What is the road surface and how many lanes there are. And in some cases this could be good to have very detailed data about these but in other cases you can probably do assumptions and estimations. Then since it takes time to do measurement of traffic floats it is important to start the inventory of existing data early. So you need to know if you need to do new measurements of traffic flows before starting the noise mapping. And for the calculations you also need geographical data on the environment. You need the terrain heights you need information on ground types buildings and noise screens there that is the major parts of doing noise calculations. You might also want to add vegetation but it's not necessary because the damping effect of vegetation is not as high as many might think. And finally there is the weather. Some propagation is greatly affected by weather but in these types of calculations we almost always use a pre-decided standard weather to simplify the calculation and to make it possible to reproduce them. And since the noise indicator LDN is a year average value the temporal difference in noise level due to that weather is even doubt. So you don't need specific local weather data for doing this calculation that you can use a more broader scale weather data. And finally for calculating the numbers of exposed you need population data in some kind. And having gathered all this data what you do then or what the consultant will do is to build a geographical model in a computer and start with the calculations. And the result will be counter lines like in the image on the top right where you can see the colored areas with around the traffic the roads with traffic and where each colored area corresponds to five decibel intervals. And you can also get the tables with numbers of exposed inhabitants in different sound level intervals like the table in the lower right. Next slide. When you gather the data you need to take time to ensure that the quality of the coverage is as good as you like because that will greatly affect the results. If there are gaps in the geographical data you need to have time to fill those gaps before the noise mapping starts. And as I said some data you can use assumptions and the estimations instead of specific data on the local site. But where there are others other data that you really want have quite a good quality without the end result being too badly affected. And the EU have published a good practice guide for noise mapping that covers quite a lot of how you should think about the quality of data and which assumptions that are possible to use to simplify this process. Noise screens is a very important data to include in the calculations since they are often placed in the areas with the highest exposure. And not adding them will exaggerate the numbers of exposed and adding them but over estimating their effect will underestimate the numbers of exposed. And it's our experience in Sweden that noise screens are not always included in the geographical maps that we use for noise calculations. And if they are they are often just included as a line and there are no information on the height of the screens. So in many cases the noise screens had to be visually inspected which takes quite a lot of time. And for population data in some parts you might have the population data linked to certain buildings and that is of course a very good quality of data. But in other areas you might have the population in a larger area and you want to use a distribution with number of people per square kilometers or you might want to distribute it based on the building size. There are different ways to go here depending on the level of detail of the data that you have available. Next slide. For railroad the sound sources differ a bit from road noise. The noise emission from different kinds of road vehicles are included in the calculation models. But for train models that database of vehicles is not as extensive as it is for road vehicles. And you might have national train types that are missing in the databases. So before starting noise calculations you need to do an inventory of the more common train types in your area and see if there are types that need to be measured before starting the noise mapping. And for trains there are several sound sources at each train which corresponds to the engine the connection between the rail and the wheels the brakes and also aerodynamic noise from the train body itself. And you need to measure each train at different speeds. So it takes quite a lot of work to decide the noise emission of a train. So this is something that you also need to start with early. For railroad noise calculations you need to know the geographical data of course and the speed limits just like for roads. But you also need to know about rail roughness the maintenance of the rails and also if there are bridges and switches because they will greatly affect the noise emission. Otherwise there is more or less the same data needed as for road noise calculations. Next slide. For airports the data gathering is often a more simpler task than for road and railroad because the traffic to major airports are usually well documented and near the airports that aircraft follows certain tracks making it fairly easy to distribute the annual traffic on the runways and the tracks for the specific airports. And then there are also international databases with noise emission data for common aircraft that can be used for noise mapping. So what you often do is that you group if you have 10 aircrafts with a similar noise emission you group them and you put the same noise emission on all of them and then you use that as data for the calculations. So that is often a simpler and simpler project than doing road and rail calculations. Next slide. And finally we have the noise from major industries which should be included in the noise map for aglomerations and in industries it can also be ports and harbors. And industries are the most diverse of the major sound sources. It's easy to say that every industry has a unique noise emission. So it's not realistic to do detailed noise emission measurements for all industries within the city. So what you can do instead is to look at noise regulations in general and also the environmental permits that the industries hold and assume that all industries emit as much noise as they are allowed to do. It could be of interest to know if a certain industry have working hours or time restrictions that prohibits them from working at night since the nighttime level is quite heavily affects the LDM. But otherwise it's probably easiest to use some kind of estimations for the industrial noise because as I said making measurements at each site is not a realistic task to do. Next slide. And this is just a short summary of what I've said about data gathering. It's important to put time and effort in doing this phase because it will greatly affect the outcome of the noise mapping and the quality of noise mapping and what you can use the noise maps for in later stages. And probably you will start doing this the first round and you will learn a lot and then you will start improving it to the next round etc. Because this is definitely a work in progress. And you will learn as you are doing it what data you have and where you need to put efforts to improve the data etc. But it will take time. Next slide. When the data is available the next phase is the actual calculation of noise. I will not say so much about that because the calculations are most often made with commercial software. There are a couple of those available on the market and the large softwares have been adapted for E&D noise mapping. They have certain modules that will simplify noise calculations for large areas. And it is my recommendation here that the noise calculations are done by consultants or other parties that have experience with working with noise calculations. You should know that the calculations require quite a lot of computer power. It is probably best to do them on a dedicated server or a network of computers. And if consultants are doing the calculations it is important to think through the contract with the consultants. And that is a typical area where the city is doing noise mapping could benefit from discussing with each other and sharing experience on how to best form these contracts. Next slide. To summarize my advice for noise mapping I want to stress again on the importance on that data gathering and the quality of control of data. Also to think if the noise map have other uses. And before starting the noise mapping a whole agglomeration or a large sections of roads for the first time I also strongly recommend that you do test runs for smaller areas. Just to see how the process are going and where the problems might arise. To improve the quality of the results you might also want to do control measurements in certain places to validate the model. And while you are doing the noise mapping also try to document the process as best as you can and try to learn as much as you can to simplify the next round. Next slide. Now I just want to talk a bit about the action plans where the actual work is being done. As I said earlier the END doesn't specify what actions you should take to reduce noise exposure but it does say what an action plan should include. And it gives a framework for the process of developing an action plan. And that is the points on this slide and also the next slide where it says that the action plan should have a description of the agglomeration or the road or what it is that it's describing. Description of authorities if you have limit values a summary of the results of the noise mapping etc. And it also should include a record of public consultation but it's because that is a part of developing a noise action plan is that the public should in some kind be consulted and be able to come with input to what the action plan should include. Next slide. This is just a continuing on what the END says about the framework for the action plan. There should be a description of the measures that are already being taken and the ones that you are planning. It should include financial informations on budgets and cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit assessments etc. And it should also contain estimations in terms of the reduction of number of people affected so that you can follow up and see did this action really get the result that we wanted. Next slide. You have rather free hands to form the actions you find suitable for your area but the actions that could be considered are actions concerning traffic planning like can we reduce the speed limit on the section of a road to reduce noise can we have some kind of regulations like forbidding nighttime traffic in a certain area for example. Of course the planning of new roads and planning of new residential areas is an important part. You can have technical measures at the sound sources like changing road surfaces or noise abatement at industries. Selection of quieter sources like buying buses that go on electricity instead of fuel will reduce noise in city areas. You can have actions which is the reduction of sound transmission for noise screens for example and also vegetation in some kind but as i said vegetation doesn't really give as much result as you might want to but there are often other benefits with vegetation so which you can add to noise reduction so they can anyway be a good measure to do. And then you can have some kind of incentives for example for homeowners to change windows or other kind of incentives to make other parties do measures to reduce noise. Next slide. I have an example from one of the cities in sweden that is included in the ELD it's a city of Umeå it's a town in the northern sweden the pretty town famous for its many birch trees Umeå has about 130 000 inhabitants it's a growing city it has a university and a big hospital and an airport rather close to town and there are major roads and raidways near the city and there are also industrial areas near to the city and the noise mapping shows that about 40 000 of the inhabitants are exposed to road and rain knows noise over 55 dbe ldl. Next slide. This slide just shows you the noise map of Umeå where you can clearly see the major roads going through the city this is also a map that is available on the city website so you can zoom in and look at your street and see what noise levels you are exposed to if you want to. And on the city website you can also find the action plan which you can see at the right and that is an action plan that has been approved by the city council and it covers the period from 2019 to 2023. Next slide. The action plan of Umeå consists of actions targeting 11 different areas most actions are to reduce noise in and near dwellings but there are also actions to reduce noise at schools and preschools and to improve sound quality in parks and recreational areas. Some actions are focused on doing specific abatement measures like building noise screens while others are more strategical like the one about increasing sustainable travel. Next slide. All actions are described in detail in a table and this is one example from that table about reducing noise in school yards and here you can see that in this table you describe the action what they want to do what benefits that will be gained what resources are needed both in staff and money but part of the city administration that is responsible and a time table for when the action should be finished and this kind of presentation makes it very clear what the city needs to do and it makes it also rather easy to evaluate how the action is progressing if they will finish in time and what it will cost. Next slide. This is another part of the action plan that I thought I would show you it's about parks and recreation areas and here the city have used the noise map to identify which parks that are exposed to noise and they have put up a local guideline value as a criteria saying that a park is noise exposed if it has more than 55 dba at more than half of the area of the park and so the red areas in this map are the parks that doesn't fulfill that guideline value and that is the areas that the city will prioritize measures to reduce noise and you can also use this kind of presentation to highlight where the areas with that already have a good soundscape and then take measures to preserve those areas and make them more accessible to the public that is another kind of action that you might want to do for recreation and parks. And next slide. The last action I want to lift as an example is programs with financial incentives for home and real estate owners to improve sound insulation of windows. In almost every home the windows are the weak spot when it comes to sound insulation and improving the windows will have a significant positive effect for noise level indoors reducing the risk of negative health effects. Often you can improve the sound insulation of existing windows by adding extra glazing so you don't need to change the whole window. Depending on the condition of the window the extra glazing can reduce noise indoors with up to 10 dB so you can get quite a lot of improvement with a fairly simple measure. This action is done by the city deciding which home owners should receive financial aid for improving sound insulation. Usually they target those with the highest noise exposure. The work of improving the windows is done by the home owner himself or by a contractor but the home owner higher and then they get some kind of financial aid from the city. You should of course have some kind of control that the action has been done correctly by visual inspection or measurement. But if it's done okay the city will pay most of the cost for extra glazing and exactly how much if it's like 75% or 90% you can decide for each city. And you should also be aware that improved sound insulation by extra glazing of this kind will also have positive effects of energy consumption so it's a bonus for this kind of action. And this is a typical action where you it's outside the city's factual and legal right to do something at the buildings but then they can use other incentives to make homeowners do something about the bills. So finally my last slide I'm just going to mention something about health costs. In the next round of noise mapping according to the E&D the member states should report not only how many are exposed to noise but also the cost of the following health effects. And formulas for calculating health effects are based on the studies presented by the WHO guidelines for the European region which came in 2018 which also Shalota mentioned. The detail concerning these calculations has not been completely set as far as I'm aware and there are still some ongoing discussions. But it's well it could be interesting to know that kind of calculations will be added to the E&D. And that is all I had to present and thank you very much for listening and so we move on to the next part of the workshop. Thank you. Aliza na interesantnoj veoma interesantnoj prezentaciji ja ću odmah prijeći na sljedeću na sljedeći dio naše agendija to su panel to je panel diskusija gdje imamo već imamo dosta pitanja i neka pitanja sam ja pripremila ovaj vjerim da će biti da će nam svima pomoći u razmjevanju ove tematike i za bolje zdrateško planiranje kada je u pitanju buka. Pa, evo, krjenču sa pitanju koji je zapravo prvo pristiglo u Q&A dio atiče se zapravo vjerskih objekata. Interesuji je zna vakle učestnjika interesuji je dali postoje istraživanja odnosno radovi na temu buke iz vjeskih objekata misli se na ovaj misli se dakle na crkve i džamije koje u određeno vrijeme dana ja u bukom ili zvukom ovaj obavještavaju u vjernike o molitvi takle buke takođe iz u gostelskih objekata u gradskim Stambenim Područima. Dakle pitanje se odnosi na vjerskih objekata i u gostelskih objekata u gradskim i Stambenim Područima. Dali imate takva iskustva? Evo možemo krenti od Lizi. I'm not aware of any studies about actual health effects from this kind of of noise sources. I don't know if Charlotte might have more information on that. In what I do know in Sweden we have some it's not a general and not general regulations but in some cases there have been local regulations that either to reduce the noise level or just to have them at specific times. So it's okay to have church bells or mosks sounding during daytime but not during nighttime for example. I know there are church bells that have had to know whether their noise from the bells during night for example. So that kind of regulations but not in general. Evo ne znam dali Charlotte ili Viktor da li imaju neka vekih iskustava u ovom područu ako ne možemo prično sljedeći pitanje. Ti će se i buke iz objekata. I vam nekoko ovaj pitanja na tu temu zapravo najviše iz razloga tog što u Bosnii Hercegovni se ajvo da kažemo pitanje buke najviše i doživljava nekako kao buka iz u Gosteljskih objekata. Evo imamo pitanje vezano za to da se takvi objekti obično otvaraju prizemnim dijelovima stambene izgrada pa onda eto to stvara neku buku ešta vi ovaj šta kake primjera imate u svojim državom a kako se tu traktira. Možda pitanje za Lizu ili Viktora možda više. Izvolute. Yes, for like restaurants and bars and such we have usually they don't they are not allowed to serve alcohol too late at night. That is what but they also most often used to to make the bar closed at a certain hour. And then we also have national guideline values for noise indoors. So if you have an activity it doesn't really matter what kind of activity it is but if you that activity creates too loud noise indoors with closed windows etc. Then you need to do some kind of of reducing measures which is most often that they have to close at a certain time most often at 10 o'clock PM. That you don't you can't have too loud activities after that hours even in residential areas. Resultatis question in Romania we have limit to value 50 decibels outdoor and 45 decibels indoor and this type of regulation are in a field of control of the city halls. We have also in Romania problem with catering of restaurants which are in the in the buildings residents and we get at the but we have this legislation and city halls need to make this type of control when population have reclamations. I understood the question is also for for some religious facilities or only for restaurants. Okay, regarding religion facilities we don't have any regulation for months. Uredu. Evo ja bih prešla odma na sljedeći pitanje. Zapravo imamo dva pitanja slične ovoj tematike kaže prema akcionom akcionim planovima koja u obavezi da implementira mjere sanaci kada jo pitanju saobračaj industria aerodromi žaljeznica i kako se obezbjeđuju ta sredstva. Drugo je pitanje ovoj slično dakle nakon što se u svoji zakon državi da li se omogučuju izmjene u saobračajnicama izgradni i slično dakle postojećih postojeći infrastrukturi. Evo nadam se da su pitanje jasno. Evo možemo opet krinti od Lize ako ili dakle ko implementira mjere sanaci i kako se obezbjeđuju sredstva a to je možda najkonkretnije. Ja, to je kako se obezbjeđuju kako sredstva sredstva sredstva sredstva i da nemožemo da je sredstva u svih kraju. U svih kraju ovo je podješano na neje sredstva sredstva ovec nese sredstva sredstva u svih kraju sredstva u svih kraju sredstva. I da sredstva sredstva sredstva sredstva. Foto u svih kraju sredstva sredstva sredstva se vr�e sredstva sredstva. Samo jedi se su da izvijedni je izvijedni plan bedje u izvijednike i odjedniti otvarno izvijedni. Kateru je kastirana pritina, koja je potvarno izvijedni. Amp 줄 je svih i vrstvenih, zato koji ne da je svečnika empomu, učim u digestive i akcije planu. Tešanje ne možem da ne bija na naša ogromno ovrte od Wandima zawomanja, za našli industri, zelo svečnice način. Zato u toj koncijno sesimo do zelo i obrti. To znači se zpraviti u otroku kod pristili, od ideja franče, da sve to skupam. Uvijek se znaći, da su izvijem koder neslavljnej sori misljita ili kod ey nisu kao ne ljude. Zdaj na izgledu pristela, što je infrastruktura. Prešta se uvijek pristela pristela, eks switch up is to the road or way where we dollars, jacket will do the noise measure the noise- reduction measures themselves. buyer asked about doing changes. Course possible, and then it is, of course it would to be damn, god to have some kind of national or regional regulation on da se potrebno bilo h落ad, nijedno vaš selut u infrastrukske, na kojste njegu reživite za soperiracije mersi kvalit ino po 15 dokoj. Kada se nijako zribunite u rada, da možete uvijete ili to sori da uvijete odjevnih sputnosti za ovo srednosti. Vevo možda bi bila interesantno čuti ovoj Victor'e u runi ko' snosi, hajde tako, kažemo troškove sanacije ili nekih infrastrukturnih zahvata koji su naloženi akcionim planom, ako sam dobrem svakim. Tiče se, ništa samo tiče se ko' snosi troškove saniranja buke, mislim da ste to već odobro odgovorili, a i Liza je onaj ko' zapravo uzrokuje buku, pretpostavnja mi, ali to je samo sa to htjela da potvrdimo još jedno. Evo možemo preći i dalje. Evo jedno pitanje ko' je vrlo često u Bosni Hercegovini, koje se može, dakle, primijenti koji će biti problem. Pitanje uvezi nelegalno građenih objekata u blizini nekog izvora buke. Na primer, modeliranju buke nisu predvđani ti stambeni objekti, obzirom da su nelegalni. Međutim, kasnije se uspostavi da određenih objekti jel stambeni i pustoj koji se često onda žale na tu buku. To je često, dakle, slučaj u Bosni Hercegovini. Ja ne znam, da li ima takvih slučaje, da li je bilo u Rumuni? Evo, možda bi bolje bilo da na Viktor to odgovori. Da li je bilo slučaje, dakle, kada se plilko mapiranja nisu uzjeli u obzir neki objekti, obzirom da su bilo nelegalno izgrađeni. A onda kasnije je ustupio neki priti sa kjavnosti, občas to kuće uz neki sa obrčajnice, koji su tražilo neka prava, ali dan me svatate. Hvala, idemo na sljediče. Pitanja imamo zaista dosta pitanja, imamo moraču priznati da ne znam da očemo u zadatom rok moći i odgovoriti na sva, ali ako ne, moći ćemo zamolit ćemo znači i da se postav ćemo ta pitanja pismeno, pa evo, brat, dućemo do odgovora na neki način. Pitanje, da ali postoje i koji su visine kazni sankcija za prekoračenje nivoga buke u određenom intervalu dana ili noći, naprim. za sa obrčajnice, željeznice, ako je prekoračen propisan i nivog za industrijsku emisiju buke. Dakle, da nam nešto kažete o iskustvima, koji su, da imamo, da imamo, da imamo, da imamo, da imamo, da imamo, da imamo, da imamo. Možemo možo solizom krenuti, kako su iskustva. Jeste li uspili tu? Robbir band, value. Bacway uspili. Interesan. O, Viktor, kod nas, kakve, ovo je, kakve ima ti se s da... Ja, i raoču. Sada nam uvršamo koliko viće, nas lovišavu pregledo valice. Uvršamo, da bolu da se otvorile, da vam nás puno soluto. Ame uvršamo, da ne sreću i kanani. U nekome pristima je učinitljima učine i mnog što ne moguš adj DOTRE, i da učinite potrgle i točskuihad, sve moguš adj to je učinit, da imamo povedo s malih patruk učinit, uvijednih solusišnja, da uvijednje uvoj i da vrlo se uvijedno uvijedno za indoru. Uvijedno za uvijedno za uvijednje uvijednih uvijednih izvijednih izvijednih izvijednih. I pripočenima da ću smo oblijepiti, pojderimo oblijenih v biletima ja-nagroupce da ukržajimo Solušnja u protestu iznačnog Adleru. Edvo još jedno moh da povezano. Pitanje veza je sad zaklada monitoring-booki. Kako se pohnati monitoring-booki po aksijonima planova? Dakle da ose poključajimo. mandatle dao se dobro implementiraju akcioni planov. Kako se vrši taj monitoring duke i kako to provodi na kraju krajeva, kako to finansira? Ako može, ne znam, Liza i Femiktor opet, kako su iskustva? To je svoj partiju, koji je svoj načinu načinu i načinu planov, koji je svoj načinu načinu načinu planov. Tako, ne znam, kako se vrši taj monitor, i kako se vrši taj planov. Tako. Kako se to provodi, nijakom godišnje je neki monitoring ili mjesečno, kako, tu malo, tijlkevo, Viktor, možda je na vašim primjeru? Tako, 5 godina. We have, ok, the noisers, the authority, which have in administration, the noisers have the obligation to put in application But we have some responsibility for our environmental agency in order to see if the noisers, the noisers, which are put in this action plan are put in application. And if they are not put in application, then we need to the local authority, for example, need to put in the future action plan, the reason why they don't put in application the noisery action measure, which was established in the past, and which deadline they will have in order to put in application this noisery action measure. Our local agency have this responsibility to monitoring which noisery action measure are put in application and which are not put in application, which was mentioned in the action plan. Kvala na odgovoru. Mislim, mi smo već došlo do kraja, ali sa našom agendom, jad zamola zaista sve učestnike da ostanu evo još deset minuta, pa da odgovorima još na neka pitanja, veoma su nam važno ovi odgovori, jer evo kao što vidite i kao što znate, mi smo na samom početku, da kažemo, usvajanja ovih direktiva, dakle kada su titanju buka, pa su nam taj skusa veoma važno. Dakle imal smo nekoliko pitanja, pevojaču i sumirate, ali šalote dosta u svojvoj prezentaciji spominjala. Ali evo možda još malo kada je u pitanju ranije provedena istraživanja, koja se odnosi na utca i buke u odgojno obrazovnim ustanovama za zdravlje djeci u poslanika. Na to se šalote, koliko ja znam, osvrtala, pa evo ovaj koje postavio pitanje može ponovno da to i pogleda. Bilo bi možda interesantno da nam se kaže, koje u običajno možda mjere se provodi, za koje se mjere provodi u pravo u odgojno obrazovnim ustanovama, koje pomažu za štu djeci. Evo buke. Izvolte, šalote. Pobjedno, možda. Svijekam, da imaš mnogo, da potrebuje djeci u stavljivnih ljubih. Pobjedno, možda se da se učinila od uključnog trafiku o nazavljivnih ljubih o zavljivnih ljubih. I ovdje, svoj, je to vrlo, da se učinila u objivnih ljubih i dobro vrlo, da se početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo u Sus neko protec ito. Da se početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo, da se početimo na Čightsiu i grečat za neb official flyla. perfect. Dos MORRE stability i na qualification of. Kaj ja je, znači tehle materijali i tajne tajne, da nekako ne kvalite novi, od tajnega svača i aktivitije, i da od uključnog. Hvala, hvala, na odgovor, vrlo interesantno. I nama kao primer, da budući kako da zaštjimo djecu u školama. Ja gledam sada po ovim pitanjima, šta možemo još izdvojiti, ovako da nije nikako buklačeno, Evo možda pitanje od Amara, koliko je postanjeno je na englijskom jaziku, ali ja ću ga prevesti da mogu svičuti, a vić da čuti prevod. Koliko je, ajde, da kažemo, koliko blisko suradžuje institut Karolinska sa vladom, kada su u pitanju negativni utica i buke na zdravlje? Dali oni imaju neku savjetodavnu ulogu i dali vlada zapravo finansira i straživačke aktivnosti koje će pomoći bolje razumjevanje negativnih efekata buke na zdravlje? Evo to je pitanje za šarlota. Pes. Da. Karolinska instituta je to sve uključenog uključa. U svajim i uključenog uključa smo odgledali. Ili smo uključani u ključu, koja sam vada, uključana na svojim medicinu, imamo se načinog uključanog uključe i sve. Ovo vam se vrlo dopravitavno vrlo, da jestem u svijec i publice. U mnije sve. U spremu vam se svićemo u svijec, sečetno od različne odvijednih svijecu na uključnih. So we are often interacting with the national agencies and other authorities in these matters and try to advise what are the best ways to avoid impacts on public health from noise exposure. So we have a lot of exchange both naturally and originally within Sweden and also with regards to EU and WHO. gdje će u, jes. Evo ja ću izkoristi prilku još da postavljimo još jedno pitanje, a ti će se više, eventuolno, da li postoje sudski procesi, upravo zbog utcaja buke na zdravje ljudi. Dalje bilo nekada, da li vidi po vašim iskuso, znate, dalje bilo sučajeva pokretanja sudski procesa i grup je građana koji su se žalili na pogoršano zdravje zbog buke. Evo ne znam koga da odaberjem za odgovor, pomože da odgavori, neka se javi, možda li izada kde ne pada koji ma i Viktor neki primjera. Tako, n Association U potatoes were people have complained about noisom taking it to environmental court and wanting to have some kind of measures being made. We have examples for, from all kind of nois sources, Road Rail and Industrial, football, soccer plans and aircraft, almost any thing you might think of. And we have quite a worked out legal preferences for, when they can have measures done or not. So that is quite well worked out in the legal system. One example, which I think is very interesting, is concerning aircraft noises around Aarlanda, which is the biggest airport in Sweden. When they wanted a new environmental permit, there was this organization of neighbors in the surrounding areas that went together and demanded that the project that the airport wanted to do, that they didn't want it because it would mean too much noise where they lived, but if the project were to get the environmental permit, they wanted funding to be put aside for research concerning aircraft noise. So there is actually a research center at one of the technical universities in Stockholm doing funding research about aircraft noise due to this environmental process. And that is, I think it's an interesting way to go where you realize, well, you need to do this change, you need this infrastructure, but we can also use the environmental process to get funding for new research and knowing more about the effects that this kind of noise will have. So it's everything from that rather large scale down to the single homeowner wanting a noise screen outside the garden. So it's quite common. Also in Romania we have a lot of complains about regarding noise from restaurant activities for road traffic, railway traffic, airports. Regarding the major noise sources, our approach is to solve these complains when the authorities make the action plans in order to find a solution to solve these complains because also these action plans need to put to public consultation and public can participate to the process of the maker of action plans and then complains are taken to account. Regarding the other type of noise sources like restaurants or other small activities, this type of our approach is to put this economic operator to make, to find solution in order to solve the problem. And usually city calls have this task in Romania. Hvala vam zaista na istriknim odgovorima. Ja bih sada završla sa postavljanjem pitanja. Mi imamo i neodgovorenih pitanja. Zaista ali ne možemo pokušaćemo dakle da na ta pitanja odgovorimo pismenim putem. Ja bih sada sama ovaj rekla, zahvala bih se dakle svim prezentatorima na istrišnjim prezentacijama. Vidim već učet ovaj opci da su učestnici vello zadovoljni sa današnim webinarom. Bilo nam je veoma korisna. Ja sama imam jašreći da pred nama se nalazi i krajama ovog mjeseca, če se održati i treći sastanak radi glupa. U radu radnih grupa kao i na ovom webinaru pozvane su kako prestavnici iz institucija, tako i konsultantske kuće. A vidimo dakle iz vaših prezentacija da će imati dosta posla. Kažemo kako za institucija, tako i za konsultantske kuće u oblasti upravljanja buku. Te će nam ovi zakručci sa ovog webinara piti veoma korisni. Ja bi se sada zahvalila svim učestnicima i ja se nadam možda ćemo imati krilike, održati još neke webinare u sličnoj oblasti u ovom uokvirovu projekta pa vidjet ćemo se pa tom prijeliku. Hvala vam svima i doviđenja i u dana dana. Hvala vam svima i doviđenja. Hvala vam svima i doviđenja. Hvala vam svima i doviđenja.