 The choice of drug administration route and its corresponding physical-chemical characteristics, significantly impacts therapeutic efficacy and long-term biological effects, with oral delivery being the most attractive method due to its potential for solid formulations, sustained delivery, ease of administration, and intensified immune response. However, challenges in oral delivery have been the main research focus in recent years, and solutions are needed to address these obstacles. This article was authored by Baman Homayoun, Shwetting Lin, and Hyojik Choi.