 Section 36 of English Synonyms and Antonyms. This is a Librebox recording. All Librebox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit Librebox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlain-Fernald. Immediately to influence. Immediately. Synonyms. At once. Directly. For width. Instanter. Instantly. Now. Presently. Right away. Right off. Straight away. This instant. Without delay. The strong and general human tendency to procrastination is shown in the progressive beginning of the various wars in this group. Immediately, primarily, signifies without the intervention of anything as immediate hence without the intervention of any, even the briefest, interval or lapse of time. By and by, which was once a synonym has become an antonym of immediately, meaning at some perhaps remote future time. Directly, which once meant with no intervening time, now means after some little while. Presently, no longer means in this very present, but before very long. Even immediately is a sliding from its instantaneousness, so that we are feigned to substitute at once, instantly, etc. And we would make promptness emphatic. Right away and right off are bigger conversational expressions in the United States. Antonyms. After a while. By and by. Hereafter. In the future. Sometime. Immerse. Synonyms. Bury. Dip. Doze. Duck. Immerse. Plunge. Sync. Submerge. Dip is Saxon, while immerse is Latin for the same initial act. Accordingly, the more popular and commonplace immerse, the more elegant and dignified expression in many cases. To speak of baptism by immersion as dipping now seems rude, though entirely proper and usually in early English. Baptists now universally reuse the word immerse. To dip and to immerse alike, signified to bury or submerge some object in a liquid, but dip implies that the object dipped is at once removed from the liquid, while immerse is wholly silenced as to the removal. Immerse also suggests more absolute completeness of the action, while might dip his sleeve or dip his sponge in a liquid, if he but touches the edge. If he immerses it, he completely sinks it under and covers it with liquid. Submerge implies that the object cannot readily be removed, if at all, as a submerged wreck. To plunge is to immerse suddenly and violently, for which those and duck are colloquial terms. Dip is used also unlike the other words to denote the putting of a hollow vessel into a liquid in order to remove a portion of it. In this sense, we say dip up, dip out. Compare synonyms for burying. Proposition. The object is immersed in water. Imminent. Synonyms. Impending. Frightening. Imminent from the Latin with the sense of projecting over signifies liable to happen at once as some calamity, dangerous and close at hand. Impending also from the Latin with the sense of hanging over is closely akin to imminent, but somewhat less emphatic. Imminent is more immediate, impending more remote, frightening more contingent. An impending evil is almost sure to happen at some uncertain time, perhaps very near. An imminent peril is one liable to befall very speedily. A threatened imperil may be near or remote, but always with the hope that it might be a burden. Antonyms. Chimerical. Contingent. Dotful. Improbable. Problematic. Unexpected. Unlikely. Impediment. Synonyms. Bar. Barrier. Clog. Difficulty. Encumbrance. Hindrance. Obstacle. Obstruction. Difficulty makes an undertaking or otherwise then easy. That which rests upon one as a burden is an encumbrance. An impediment is primarily something that checks the food or in any way makes advances lower difficult. An obstacle is something that stands across the way. An obstruction is something that is built or placed across the way. An obstruction is always an obstacle, but an obstacle may not always be properly termed an obstruction. Boxes and bales placed on the sidewalk are obstructions to travel. His flow is an obstacle to navigation and may be common obstruction if it closes an inlet or channel. A hindrance, kindred with hind, behind, is anything that makes one come and behind or short of his purpose. An impediment may be either what one finds in his way or what he carries with him. Impediment that was the Latin name for the baggage of a soldier or of an army. The tendencies to view an impediment are something constant or at least for a time continuous as an impediment in one's speech. A difficulty or a hindrance may be either within one or without. A speaker might find difficulty in expressing himself or difficulty in holding the attention of restless children. An encumbrance is always what one carries with him. An obstacle or an obstruction is always without. To a marching soldier, the steepness of a mountain path is a difficulty. Loose stones are impediments. A fence is an obstruction. A cliff or a boulder across the way is an obstacle. A knaps up is an encumbrance. Antonyms. Advantage. Aid. Assistance. Benefit. Help. Relief. Secure. Impudence. Synonyms. Assurance. Boldness. Affrontery. Forwardness. Impartiness. Incibility. Insolence. Intrusiveness. Officiousness. Pardness. Presumption. Rudeness. Sussiness. Impartiness primarily denotes what does not pertain or belong to the occasion or the person and hence comes to signify interference by word in relation of the person interfered with or of the one who interferes, especially forward, presumptuous, or meddlesome speech. Impudence is shameless impertinence. What would be arrogance in a superior becomes impertinence or imprudence in an inferior. Impertinence has less of intent and determination than impudence. We speak of toughness impertinence, shameless impudence. Insolence is literally that which is against custom that is a violation of customary respect or courtesy. Preciousness is frosting upon others and asks and undesired service and is often a well-meant as it is annoying. Rudeness is the behavior that might be expected for a notoriously uncultured person and might be either deliberate and insulting or unintentional and even unconscious. Compare arrogance, assurance, effrontery, pardness, antonyms, bashfulness, kindness, diffidence, humility, loveliness, migness, modesty, submissiveness. Prepositions. The impudence of or impudence from a subordinate to a superior. Encongruous. Synonyms. Absurd. Conflicting. Contradictory. Country. Discordant. Discrepent. Inapposite. Inappropriate. Incommerciable. Incompatible. Inconsistent. Irreconcilable. Mismatched. Mismathed. Repugnant. Unsuitable. Two or more things that do not fit well together or are not adapted to each other are said to be incongruous. A thing is said to be incongruous that is not adapted to the time, place, or occasion. The term is also applied to a thing made up of ill-assorted parts or incarmonious elements. Discordant is applied to all things that jar in association like musical notes that are not in accord. Incarmonious has the same original sense, but it's a milder term. Incompatible primarily signifies unable to sympathize or feel alike. Inconsistent means unable to stand together. Things are incompatible which cannot exist together in harmonious relations and whose action when associated tends to ultimate extension of one by the order. Inconsistent applies to things that cannot be made to agree in thought with each other or with some standard of truth or right. Slavery and freedom are inconsistent with each other in theory and incompatible in fact. Incongruous applies to relations, unsuitable to purpose or use. Two colors are incongruous which cannot be agreeable associated. Either it might be unsuitable for a person, a room, or an occasion. Inconvenurable is a mathematical term applying to two or more quantities that have no common measure or adequate part. Antonyms, accordant, agreeing, compatible, consistent, harmonious, suitable. Proposition, the illustrations were in congress with the term. Induction, synonyms, deduction, inference. Deduction is a reasoning from the general to the particular. Induction is reasoning from the particular to the general. Deduction proceeds from a general principle through an unmetered instance to a conclusion. Induction, on the other hand, proceeds from a number of collated instances through some attribute common to them all, to a general principle. The proof of an induction is by using its conclusion as a premise of a new deduction. Those, what is ordinarily known as scientific induction is a constant interchange of induction and deduction. In deduction, if the general rule is true and the special case falls under the rule, the conclusion is certain. Induction can ordinarily give no more probable conclusion because we can never be sure that we have collated all instances. An induction is of the nature of an inference, but while an inference might be partial and hasty, an induction is careful and aims to be complete. Compare demonstration hypothesis. Industrious, synonyms, active, assiduous, busy, diligent, employed, engaged, occupied, sedulous. We say a man is busy just now, that is occupied at the moment, with something that takes his full attention. It would be ridiculous or satirical to say he is industrious just now, but busy can be used in the sense of industrious as when we say he is a busy man. Diligent indicates also a disposition, which is ordinarily habitual and suggests more of hardness and volition than industrious. We say a man is busy just now, that is occupied at the moment, with more of hardness and volition than industrious. We say a one is a diligent rather than an industrious reader of the Bible. In the Jews of the Nuns, we speak of plodding industry, but not of plodding diligence. Compare active, industry, antonyms, see synonyms for idle. Industry, synonyms, application, assiduity, attention, constancy, diligence, effort, exertion, intentness, labor, pains, patience, patience, perseverance, persistence, scheduledness. Industry is the quality, action, or habit of earnest, steady, and continued attention or devotion to any useful or productive work or task, manual or mental. Assiduity, Latin ad, to, ansidio, sit, as the etymology suggests, sits down to a task until it is done. Diligence, Latin deligo, love, choose invests more effort and exertion with love of the work or deep interest and engagement. Application, Latin ad, to, ansplico, fold, bends to its work and concentrates all one's powers upon it with utmost intensity. Hence, application can hardly be as undermining as assiduity. Constancy is a steady devotion of heart and principle. Patience works on in spite of annoyances. Perseverance overcomes hindrances and difficulties. Persistence stripes relentlessly against opposition. Persistence has very frequently and unfavorable meaning, that one persists in spite of considerations that should induce him to desist. Industry is diligence applied to some application, business or profession. Labor and pains refer to the exertions of the worker and the tax upon him, while assiduity, perseverance, etc. refer to his continuance in the work. Antonyms, changeableness, fickleness, idleness, inattention, inconstancy, indolence, neglect, negligence, remissness, sloth. Infinite, synonyms, absolute, boundless, countless, eternal, illimitable, immeasurable, innumerable, interminable, limitless, measureless, numberless, unbounded, unconditional, unfathomable, unlimited, unmeasured. Infinite, Latin, in, not, and finish limit signifies with a bounds or limits in any way and might be applied to space, time, quantity, or number. Countless, innumerable, and numberless, which should be the same as infinite, are in common usage vaguely employed to denote what it is difficult or practically impossible to count or number, though perhaps falling far short to infinite. As countless leaves, the countless sands of the seashore, numberless battles, innumerable delays, so two boundless, illimitable, limitless, measureless, and unlimited are loosely used in reference to what has no apparent or readily determinable limits in space or time, as we speak of the boundless ocean. Infinite space is without bounds not only in fact but in thought. Infinite time is truly eternal. Compare synonyms for eternal. Antonyms, bounded, brief, circumscribed, evanescent, finite, limited, little, measurable, moderate, narrow, restricted, shallow, short, small, transient, transitory. Influence, synonyms, actuate, compel, dispose, draw, drive, excite, impale, insight, incline, induce, instigate, lead, move, persuade, prompt, steer, sway, urge. To influence, letting in, in or into, and fluo, fluo, is to affect, modify, or act upon by physical, mental, or moral power, especially in some gentle, subtle, and gradual way, as vegetation is influenced by light. Everyone is influenced to some extent by public opinion. Influence is cheaply used of power acting from without, though it may be used of motives regarded as forces acting upon the will. Actuate refers subtly to mental or moral power impelling one from within. One may influence, but cannot directly actuate another. But one may be actuated to cruelty by hatred, which another's misrepresentation has aroused. Prompt and steer are words of mere suggestion towards some course of action. Expose, draw, incline, influence, and lead refer to the use of mild means to awaken in order a purpose or disposition to act. To excite is to arouse one from lethargy or indifference to action. Insight and instigate to spore or goad one to action. Defer in the fact that insight might be too good while instigate is always too evil. Compare a bit. To arch and impale signify to produce a strong excitation towards some act. We are arched from without, impaled within. Drive and compel imply a resistable influence to accomplish in its object. One might be driven either by his own passions or by external force or urgency. One is compelled only by some external power, as the owner was compelled by his misfortunes to sell his state. Compare, compel, drive. Antonyms deter, discourage, dissuade, hinder, impede, inhibit, prevent, restrain, retard. Propositions actuated to crime by revenge. End of section 36. Section 37 of English Synonyms and Antonyms This is a Librebox recording. All Librebox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit Librebox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald. Inherent to Involve. Inherent. Synonyms congenital, essential, imminent, inborn, inbred, indispensable, in dwelling, in fixed, ingrained, in hearing, innate, inseparable, internal, intrinsic, inroth, native, natural, subjective. Inherent signifies permanently united as an element or original quality, natural, existent or incorporated in something so as to have become an integral part. Immanent is a philosophic word to denote that which dwells in or pervades any substance or spirit without necessarily being a part of it and without reference to any working out. Compare subjective. That which is inherent is an inseparable part of that in which it inheres and is usually thought of with reference to some other working or effect as an inherent difficulty. God is said to be imminent nor inherent in the universe. Intrinsic and inherent can be interchanged, but inherent applies to qualities while intrinsic applies to essence so that to speak of intrinsic excellence conveys higher praise than if we say inherent excellence. Inherent and intrinsic may be said of persons or things. Congenital, inborn, inbred, innate, applying to living beings. Congenital is frequent in medical and legal views with a special application to the facts, as congenital idiocy. Innate and inborns are almost identical, but innate is referred in philosophic use as when we speak of innate ideas. That which is inborn, congenital, or innate may be original with the individual but that which is inbred is inherited. Engrained signifies died in the grain and denotes that which is deeply rough into substance or character. Antonyms. Accidental, casual, external, extrinsic, fortuitous, incidental, outward, subsidiary, super-added, superficial, superfluous, superimposed, supplemental, transient, unconnected. Injury. Synonyms. Blemish, damage, detriment, disadvantage, evil, harm, heart, impairment, injustice, lows, mischief, outrage, prejudice, wrong. Injury. Lighting in, not, and just, juries, right, low, signifies primarily something done contrary to law or right. Chance, something contrary to some standard of right or good. Whatever reduces the value, utility, beauty, or desirability of anything is an injury to that thing. Of persons whatever is so done as to operate adversely to wanting his person rights, property, or reputation is an injury. The word is especially used of whatever marks the integrity of the body or causes pain, as when rescued from the wreck his injuries were found to be very slight. Injury is the general term including all the rest. Damage, letting damnum loss is that which occasions loss to the possessor. Hence any impairment of value, often with the suggestion of fault on the part of one causing it. Damage reduces value, utility, or beauty. Detriment, Latin, deterior, to rub or wear away is similar in meaning, but far milder. Detriment may affect value only. Damage always affects real worth or utility. As a rule, the slightest use of an article by a purchaser operates to its detriment if a gained offer for sale, though the article might have received not the slightest damage. Damage is partial. Loss is properly absolute as far as it is predicated at all. The loss of a ship implies that it is gone beyond recovery. The loss of the rotor is a damage to the ship, but since the loss of a part still leaps apart we may speak of a partial or a total loss. Evil commonly suggests suffering or sin, or both, as the evils of poverty, the social evil. Harm is closely synonymous with injury. It may apply to body, mind, or state, but always affects real worth while injury might concern only estimated value. A heart is an injury that causes pain, physical or mental. A slight heart may be no real harm. Mischief is disarrangement, trouble, or harm usually caused by some voluntary agent with or without injurious intent. A child's stuffless sport might do great mischief. Wrong is harm done with evil intent. An outrage combines insult and injury. Compare synonyms for blemish, criminal, injustice, antonyms, advantage, amelioration, benefit, blessing, boon, help, improvement, remedy, service, utility, prepositions, the injury of the cause, an injury to the structure, injury by fire, by and from, collision, interference, etc. Injustice, synonyms, grievance, inequity, injury, unfairness, unrighteousness, wrong. Injustice is a violation or denial of justice and act or omission that is contrary to equity or justice, as the injustice of an equal taxes. Illegal usage of wrong involves injury to a person, property or reputation as the result of evil intent. Injustice applies to civil damage or loss, not necessarily involving injury to person or property as by misrepresentation of goods which does not amount to a legal warranty. In popular usage, injustice may involve not direct injury to person, property, interest or character, and no harmful intent while wrong always involves both. One who attributes another's truly generous act to a selfish motive does him an injustice. Inequity, in the original sense, is a want or off or a deviation from equity, but it is now applied in the widest sense to any form of ill-doing. Compare synonyms for criminal sin. Antonyms, equity, fairness, fair play, faithfulness, honesty, honor, impartiality, integrity, justice, lawfulness, rectitude, right, righteousness, uprightness. Innocent, synonyms, blameless, clean, clear, faultless, guileless, goodless, harmless, immaculate, innocuous, innocuous, inoffensive, pure, right, righteous, sinless, spotless, stainless, upright, virtuous. Innocent, in the full sense, signifies not tainted with sin, not having done wrong or violated legal or moral precept or duty. As an innocent babe, innocent is a negative word expressing less than righteous, upright, or virtuous which imply knowledge of good and evil with free choice of the good. A little child or a lamb is innocent. A tried and faithful man is righteous, upright, virtuous. Immaculate, pure, and sinless may be used either of one who has never known the possibility of evil or of one who has perfectly and triumphantly resisted it. Innocent is used often animate substances in the sense of harmless as an innocent remedy that is one not dangerous even if not helpful. Innocent in a specific case signifies free from the guilt of a particular act even though the total character might be very evil, as the thief was found to be innocent of the murder. See Candid, pure. Antonyms, compare synonyms for criminal. Inquisitive Synonyms, curious, inquiring, intrusive, meddlesome, meddling, peeping, prying, scrutinizing, searching. An inquisitive person is one who is bent on finding out all that can be found out by inquiry, especially of little and personal matters, and hence is generally meddlesome and prying. Inquisitive might be used in a good sense, though in such connection inquiry is to be preferred, as an inquiry mind. As applied to a state of mind, curious denotes a keen and rather pleasurable desire to know fully something to which one's attention may be called, but without the active tendency that inquisitive implies. A well-bred person might be curious to know, but will not be inquisitive in trying to ascertain what is of interest in the affairs of another. Antonyms, apathetic, careless, heedless, inattentive, indifferent, unconcerned, uninterested. Propositions, inquisitive about, concerning in regard to, regarding, trifles. Insanity Synonyms, aberration, alienation, craziness, delirium, dementia, derangement, frenzy, hallucination, leniency, madness, mania, monomania. Of these terms, insanity is the most exciting and comprehensive, including in its widest sense all morbid conditions of mind due to deceased action of the brain or neighbor system, but in its more frequent restricted use, applied to those forms in which the mental disorder is persistent, as distinguished from those in which it is temporary or transient. Craziness is a big popular term for any sort of assorted mental action or for conduct suggesting it. Lunacy, originally denoted intermittent insanity, supposed to be dependent on the changes of the moon, Latin, luna. The term is now applied in general and legal use to any form of mental unsoundness except idiocy. Madness is the all popular term now less common for insanity in its widest sense, but with suggestion of excitement, akin to mania. In the derived sense, lunacy denotes what is insanely foolish. Madness, what is insanely desperate. Derangement is a common euphemism for insanity. Delirium is always temporary and is specifically the insanity of disease, as in acute fevers. Dementia is a general weakening of the mental powers. The word is specifically applied to senile insanity, dotage. Aberration is a eccentricity of mental action due to abnormal state or diverse faculties and is manifested by erroneous perceptions and rambling thought. Hallucination is the apparent perception of that which does not exist or present to the senses as the scene of aspectors or of reptiles in delirium tremens. Monomania is mental arrangement as to one subject or object. Frenzy and mania are forms of rabid and furious insanity. Compare synonyms for delusion, idiocy. Antonyms. Clearness, good sense, lucidity, rationality, sanity. Interpose. Synonyms. Arbitrate, intercede, intercept, interfere, intermetal, interrupt, metal, mediate. To interpose is to place or come between other things or persons usually as a means of obstruction or prevention of some effect or result that would otherwise occur or to be expected to take place. Intercede and interpose are used in a good sense. Intermetal always in a bad sense and interfere frequently so. To intercede is to come between persons who are at variance and plead with the stronger in behalf of the weaker. While my interpose were authority, he intercedes by petition. To intermetal is to frost oneself into the concerns of others with a pity of viciousness. Meddling commonly arises from idle curiosity. Every fool would be meddling. Proverbs 23. To interfere is to intrude into others affairs with more serious purpose, with or without a knowledge, right or propriety. Intercept is applied to an object that might be seized or stopped while in transit as to intercept a letter or a messenger. Interrupt is applied to an action which might or should be continuous but it's broken in upon, letting rompere to break by some disturbing power as the conversation was interrupted. One who arbitrates or mediates must do so by the request or at least with the consent of the contending parties. The other words of the group imply that he steps in of his own accord. Antonips Avoid, hold a loof, hold off, keep a loof, keep away, keep clear, keep out, let alone, let be, retire, stand aside, stand away, stand back, stand off, withdraw. Propositions, interpose between the combatants, in the matter. Involve, synonyms, complicate, embarrass, embroil, entangle, implicate, imply, include, overwhelm. To involve, Latin in, embalbo, roll is to roll or wind up with or in so as to combine in or in separately or nearly so as the nation is involved in war, the bookkeeper's accounts or the writer's sentences are involved. Involve is a stronger word than implicate denoting more complete entanglement. As applied to persons implicate is always used in an unfavorable sense and involve ordinarily so but implicate applies only to that which is wrong while involve is more commonly used of that which is unfortunate. One is implicated in the crime involved in embarrassments, misfortunes or perplexities. As regards logical connection that which is included institutionally expressly stated that which is implied is not stated but is naturally to be inferred, that which is involved is necessarily to be inferred as a slate roof is included in the contract that the roof shall be water tight is implied. The contrary supposition involves an absurdity. See, complex. Antonyms, disconnect, disentangle, distinguish, explicate, extricate, remove, separate and end of section 37. Section 38 of English synonyms and antonyms This is a LibreVox recording. All LibreVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibreVox.org English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin for an odd Journey to kill Journey Synonyms Excursion Expedition Pilgrimage Tour Transit Travel Trip Voyage A journey French Jonnais from Latin Diurnes Daily was primarily a day's work hence a movement from place to place within one day which we now describe as a day's journey In its extended modern use a journey is a direct going from a starting point to a destination ordinarily over a considerable distance We speak of a day's journey or the journey of life Travel is a passing from place to place not necessarily in a direct line or with fixed destination A journey through Europe would be a passage to some destination beyond or at the farther boundary Travel in Europe may be in no direct course but may include many journeys in different directions A voyage which was formerly a journey of any kind is now a going to a considerable distance by water especially by sea as a voyage to India A trip is a short and direct journey A tour is a journey that leads to the starting point generally over a considerable distance as a bridal tour or business tour An excursion is a brief tour or journey taken for pleasure often by many persons at once as an excursion to Shatakwa Passage is a general word for a journey by any conveyance especially by water as a rough passage to the Atlantic Tronset literally the act of passing over or through is used specifically of the conveyance of passengers or merchandise Rapid tronset is demanded for suburban residents or perishable goods Pilgrimage once always of a sacred character Retains and derived uses something of that sense as a pilgrimage to Stratford A journey from Naples to Rome through Mexico across the continent over the sea A journey into Asia among savages by land by rail for health on foot on the cars etc Judge Synonyms Arbiter Arbitrator Justice Referee Empire A judge in the legal sense is a judicial officer appointed or elected to preside in courts of law and to decide legal questions duly brought before him The name is sometimes given to other legally constituted officers as the judges of election In other relations any person duly appointed to pass upon the merits of contestants or of competing articles may be called a judge as the judges at an agricultural fair or at a race track in the widest sense any person who has good capacity for judging is called a judge as a person is said to be a judge of pictures or a good judge of a horse etc In most games a judge is called an umpire as the umpire of a game of ball or cricket a referee is appointed by a court to decide disputed matters between litigants an arbitrator is chosen by the contending parties to decide matters and dispute without action by a court In certain cases an umpire is appointed by a court to decide where arbitrators disagree Arbiter with its suggestion of final and absolute decision has come to be used only in a high or sacred sense as war must now be the arbiter the supreme arbiter of our destinies the judges of certain courts as the united states supreme court are technically known as justices justice synonyms equity fairness faithfulness honor impartiality integrity justness law lawfulness legality rectitude right righteousness righteousness human or divine justice is the giving to every person exactly what he deserves not necessarily involving any consideration of what any other may deserve equity the quality of being equal is giving everyone as much advantage privilege or consideration as is given to any other it is that which is equally right or just to all concerned equity is equal justice and is thus a close synonym for fairness and impartiality but it has a philosophical and legal precision that those words have not in legal proceedings cases arise for which the law has not adequately provided or in which general provisions just in the main would work individual hardship the system of equity devised to supply the insufficiencies law deals with cases to which the law by reason of its universality cannot apply equity then is the soul and spirit of all law positive law is construed and rational law is made by it in personal and social relations justice is surrendering to everyone what is due or merited whether in act word or thought in matters of reasoning or literary work of any kind justice is close, faithful unprejudiced and unbiased adherence to essential truth or fact we speak of the justice of a statement or of doing justice to a subject integrity rectitude, right righteousness and virtue denote conformity of personal conduct to the moral law and thus necessarily include justice which is giving others that which is their due lawfulness is an ambiguous word meaning in its narrower sense mere legality which may be very far from justice but in its higher sense signifying accordance with the supreme law of right and thus including perfect justice justness refers rather to logical relations than to practical matters as we speak of the justness of a statement or of a criticism see judge noun antonyms dishonesty favoritism iniquity injustice unlawfulness unreasonableness untruth wrong prepositions the justice of the king two or four the oppressed keep synonyms carry carry on celebrate conduct defend fulfill guard hold maintain obey observe preserve protect refrain retain support sustain keep protectors strong suction term for many acts which are more exactly discriminated by other words we keep observe or celebrate a festival we keep or hold a prisoner in custody we keep or preserve silence keep the peace preserve order preserve being the more formal word we keep a horse, a servant etc. a man supports his family we keep or obey a commandment keep or fulfill a promise the expressions to keep a secret keep one's own counsel keep faith or keep the faith such words as preserve or maintain could not be substituted without loss a person keeps a shop or store conducts or carries on a business he keeps or carries a certain line of goods we may keep or restrain one from folly, crime or violence we keep from or refrain from evil ourselves keep in the sense of guard or defend implies that the defense is effectual compare, celebrate restrain prepositions keep in hand in mind in or within the house from evil out of mischief keep to the subject keep for a person an occasion etc. kill synonyms assassinate dispatch execute massacre murder slaughter slay to kill is simply to deprive of life human, animal or vegetable with no suggestion of how or why assassinate execute, murder apply only to the taking of human life murder is to kill with premeditation and malicious intent to execute is to kill in fulfillment of a legal sentence to assassinate is to kill by assault this word is chiefly applied to the killing of public or eminent persons through alleged political motives whether secretly or openly to slay is to kill by a blow or by a weapon butcher and slaughter apply primarily to the killing of cattle massacre is applied primarily and almost exclusively to human beings signifying to kill them indiscriminately in large numbers to massacre is said when there is no chance of successful resistance to butcher when the killing is especially brutal soldiers moaned down in a hopeless charge are said to be slaughtered when no brutality on the enemies part is implied to dispatch is to kill swiftly and in general quietly always with intention with or without right prepositions to kill with or by sword famine pestilence care, grief etc killed for his money by a robber with a dagger end of section 38 section 39 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer visit LibriVox.org English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernelt language to light language synonyms barbarism dialect expression idiom tongue speech tongue vernacular vocabulary language language Latin tongue expression of thought by spoken words but now in its widest sense it signifies expression of thought by any means as the language of the eyes the language of flowers as regards the use of words language in its broadest sense denotes all the uttered sounds and their combinations into words and sentences that human beings employ for the communication of thought and in a more limited sense the words or combinations forming a means of communication among the members of a single nation people or race speech involves always the power of articulate utterance we can speak of the language of animals but not of their speech a tongue is the speech or language of some one people country or race a dialect is a special mode of speaking a language peculiar to some locality or class not recognized as in accordance with the best usage barbarism is a perversion of a language by ignorant foreigners or some usage you can to that idiom refers to the construction of phrases and sentences and the way of forming or using words it is the peculiar mold in which each language casts its thought the great difficulty of translation the thought expressed in one language in the idiom of another a dialect may be used by the highest as well as the lowest within its range a patois is distinctly illiterate belonging to the lower classes those who speak a patois understand the cultured form of their own language but speak only the degraded form as in the case of the Italian lasaroni or the former Negro slaves in the United States vernacular from the Latin has the same general sense as the Saxon mother tongue of one's native language or that of a people as the scriptures were translated into the vernacular compare large abundant ample big broad bulky capacious course colossal commodious considerable enormous extensive gigantic grand great huge immense long massive spacious spacious vast wide large denotes extension in more than one direction and beyond the average of the class to which the object belongs we speak of a large surface or a large solid but of a long line a large field a large room a large apple etc a large man is a man of more than ordinary size a great man is a man of remarkable mental power big is a more emphatic word than large but of less dignity we do not say that George Washington was a big man antonyms brief diminutive inconsiderable infinitesimal insignificant limited little mean microscopic minute narrow poultry petty scanty short slender slight small tiny trifling trivial law canon code command decree economy enactment formula jurisprudence legislation mandate order policy principle statute law in its ideal is the statement of a principle of right in mandatory form by competent authority with adequate penalty for disobedience in common use the term is applied to any legislative act however imperfect or unjust command and commandment are personal in particular as the commands of a parent the ten commandments an edict is the act of an absolute sovereign or other authority we speak of the edict of an emperor the decree of a court a mandate is specific for an occasion or a purpose a superior court issues a mandate to an inferior court to set up its records statute is the recognized legal term for a specific law enactment is the more vague and general expression we speak of algebraic or chemical formulas municipal ordinances military orders army regulations ecclesiastical canons the rules of a business house law is often used also for a recognized principle whose violation is attended with injury or loss that acts like a penalty as the laws of business the laws of nature in more strictly scientific use a natural law is simply a recognized system of sequences or relations as Kepler's laws of planetary distances a code is a system of laws jurisprudence is the science of law or a system of laws scientifically considered classed and interpreted legislation primarily the act of legislating denotes also the body of statutes enacted by a legislative body an economy from the Greek primarily the management of a house is any comprehensive system of administration as domestic economy but the word is extended to the administration or government of a state or people signifying a body of laws and regulations with the entire system political or religious especially the latter of which they form a part as the code of Draco Roman jurisprudence British legislation the mosaic economy law is also used as a collective noun for a system of laws or recognized rules or regulations including not only all special laws but the principles on which they are based the mosaic economy is known also as the mosaic law and we speak of the English common law or the law of nations polity Greek from a city signifies the form constitution or method of government of a nation state church or other institution in usage it differs from economy as applying rather to the system while economy applies especially to method or to the system as administered and economy might be termed a polity considered with a special reference to its practical administration hence commonly with special reference to details or particulars while polity has more reference to broad principles liberty synonyms emancipation freedom independence license in general terms it may be said that freedom is absolute liberty relative freedom is the absence of restraint liberty is primarily the removal or avoidance of restraint in its broadest sense it is the state of being exempt from the domination of others or from restricting circumstances freedom and liberty are constantly interchanged the slave is set at liberty or gains his freedom but freedom is the nobler word independence is set of states or nations freedom and liberty of individuals the independence of the united states did not secure liberty or freedom to its slaves liberty keeps quite strictly to the thought of being clear of restraint or compulsion freedom takes a wider range applying to other oppressive influences thus we speak of freedom from annoyance or intrusion license is in its limited sense a permission or privilege granted by adequate authority a bounded liberty in the wider sense license is an ignoring and defiance of all that should restrain and a reckless doing of all that individual caprice or passion may choose to do a base and dangerous counterfeit of freedom compare without permission antonyms captivity compulsion constraint imprisonment necessity obligation oppression serfdom servitude slavery superstition thralldom flair flash glare gleam gleaming glimmer glistening glitter glow illumination incandescence lustre scintillation sheen shining sparkle twinkle twinkling light, strictly denoting a form of radiant energy is used as a general term for any luminous effect discernible by the eye from the faintest phosphorescence to the blaze of the noonday sun a flame is both hot and luminous if it contains few solid particles it will yield little light though it may afford intense heat as in the case of a hydrogen flame a blaze is an extensive brilliant flame a flare is a wavering flame or blaze a flash is a light that appears and disappears in an instant as a flash of lightning the flash of gunpowder the glare and glow are steady the glare painfully bright the glow subdued as the glare of torches the glow of dying embers shine and shining refer to a steady or continuous emission of light the shine is a faint shining usually by reflection glimmer glitter and shimmer denote wavering light we speak of the glimmer of distant lamps through the mist of the shimmer of waves in sunlight or moonlight a gleam is not wavering but transient or intermittent a sudden gleam of light came through the half open door a glitter is a hard light as the glitter of burnished arms a sparkle is a sudden light as of sparks thrown out scintillation is the more exact and scientific term for the actual emission of sparks also the figurative term what suggests such emission as scintillations of wit or of genius twinkle and twinkling are used of the intermittent light of the fixed stars glistening is a shining as from a wet surface illumination is a widespread brilliant light as when all the windows of a house or if a street are lighted the light of incandescence is intense and white like that from metal at a white heat antonyms blackness dark darkness dimness dusk gloom gloominess shade shadow end of section 39 read by denis sayers in modesto california for LibriVox section 40 of english synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recorded by Ken Sterry english synonyms and antonyms by james champlin fernald likely to love likely synonyms apt conceivable conjectural liable probable reasonable apt implies a natural fitness or tendency an impetuous person is apt to speak hastily liable refers to a contingency regarded as unfavorable as the ship was liable to founder at any moment likely refers to a contingent event regarded as very probable and usually though not always favorable as an industrious worker is likely to succeed credible signifies readily to be believed as a credible narrative likely in such connection is used ironically to signify the reverse as a likely story a thing is conceivable of which the mind can entertain the possibility a thing is conjectural which is conjectured as possible or probable without other support than a conjecture or tentative judgment a thing is presumable which from what is antecedently known may be taken for granted in advance of proof reasonable in this connection signifies such as the reason can be satisfied with independently of external grounds for belief or disbelief as that seems a reasonable supposition compare apparent antonyms doubtful dubious improbable incredible questionable unlikely unreasonable listen synonyms attend hark harken hear heed list between listen and hear is a difference like that between the words look and see compare synonyms for look to hear is simply to become conscious of sound to listen is to make a conscious effort or endeavor to hear we may hear without listening as words suddenly uttered in an adjoining room or we may listen without hearing as to a distant speaker in listening the ear is intent upon the sound attending the mind is intent upon the thought though listening applies some attention to the meaning or import of the sound to heed is not only to attend but to remember and observe harken is nearly obsolete antonyms bidef to ignore neglect scorn slight prepositions we listen for what we expect or desire to hear we listen to what we actually do hear listen for a step a signal a train listen to the debate literature synonyms beletia books literary productions literary works publications writings literature is collective including in the most general sense all the written or printed productions of the human mind in all lands and ages or in a more limited sense referring to all that has been published in some land or age or in some department of human knowledge as the literature of Greece the literature of the Augustan age the literature of politics or of art literature used absolutely denotes what has been called polite literature or beletia i.e. the works collectively that embody taste feeling loftiness of thought and purity and beauty of style as poetry history fiction and dramatic compositions including also much of philosophical writing as the Republic of Plato and oratorical productions as the orations of Demosthenes in the broad sense we can speak of the literature of science in the narrower sense we speak of literature and science as distinct departments of knowledge literature is also used to signify literary pursuits or occupations as to devote one's life to literature compare knowledge science load noun synonyms burden cargo charge clog encumbrance freight freight incubus lading pack weight a burden from the Anglo-Saxon burden from the verb buton bear is what one has to bear and the word is always used of that which is born by a living agent a load from the Anglo-Saxon a way course carrying or carriage is what is laid upon a person animal or vehicle for conveyance or what is customarily so imposed as a two horse load weight measures the pressure due to gravity the same weight that one finds a moderate load when in his full strength becomes a heavy burden in weariness or weakness a ship's load is called distinctively a cargo or maybe known as a freight or lading freight denotes a merchandise in or for transportation and is used largely of transportation or of merchandise transported by rail which is in commercial language said to be shipped a load to be fastened upon a horse or mule is called a pack and the animal is known as a pack horse or a pack mule lock synonyms bar bolt catch clasp fastening hasp hook latch a bar is a piece of wood or metal usually of considerable size by which an opening is obstructed a door held fast etc a bar may be movable or permanent a bolt is a movable rod or pin of metal sliding in a socket and adapted for securing a door or window a lock is an arrangement by which an enclosed bolt is shot forward or backward by a key or other device the bolt is the essential part of the lock a latch or catch is an accessible fastening designed to be easily movable and simply to secure against accidental opening of the door cover etc a hasp is a metallic strap that fits over a staple calculated to be secured by a padlock a simple hook that fits into a staple is also called a hasp a clasp is a fastening that can be sprung into place to draw and hold the parts of some enclosing object firmly together as the clasp of a book look synonyms behold contemplate describe discern gaze glance inspect regard scan see stare survey view watch to see is simply to become conscious of an object of vision to look is to make a conscious and direct endeavor to see to behold is to fix the sight and the mind with the stickness and consideration upon something that has come to be clearly before the eyes we may look without seeing as in pitch and we may see without looking as in a case of a flash of lightning to gaze is to look intently long and steadily upon an object to glance is to look casually or momentarily to stare is to look with a fixed intensity such as is the effect of surprise alarm or rudeness to scan is to look at minutely to note every visible feature to inspect is to go below surface uncover study item by item view and survey are comprehensive survey expressing the greater exactness of measure or estimate watch brings in the element of time and often of wariness we watch for a movement or change a signal the approach of an enemy etc compare appear love synonyms affection attachment attraction charity devotion fondness friendship liking regard tenderness affection is kindly feeling deep tender and constant going out to some person or object being less intense and absorbing emotion drawing one toward a person or object and causing one to appreciate delight in and crave the presence or possession of the person or object loved and to desire to please and benefit the person or to advance the cause truth or other object of affection it is the yearning or outgoing soul towards something that is regarded as excellent beautiful or desirable love may be briefly defined as strong and absorbing affection for and attraction toward a person or object love may denote the sublimest and holiest spiritual affection as when we are taught that God is love charity has so far swung aside from this original meaning that probably it can never be recalled compare benevolence the revised version uses love in place of charity in the first book of Corinthians chapter 13 and elsewhere love is more intense absorbing and tender than friendship more intense impulsive and perhaps passionate than affection we speak of fervent love but of deep or tender affection or of close firm strong friendship love is used specifically for personal affection between the sexes in the highest sense the love that normally leads to marriage and subsists throughout all happy wedded life love can never properly denote mere animal passion which is expressed by such word as appetite, desire, lust one may properly be said to have love for animals, for inanimate objects or for abstract qualities that enlist the affections as we speak of love for a horse or a dog for mountains, woods ocean or of love of nature and love of virtue love of articles of food is better expressed by liking as love in its full sense expresses something spiritual and reciprocal such as can have no place in connection with objects that minister merely to the senses compare attachment friendships antonyms see synonyms for antipathy enmity, hatred prepositions love of country for humanity love to God and man end of section 40 recorded by Ken Sterry section 41 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer visit LibriVox.org English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlain Fernald ache to meter mink synonyms become bring about bring into being bring to pass cause compel compose constitute constrain construct create do effect establish execute fabricate fashion force frame get make out make up manufacture occasion require shape make is essentially causative to the idea of cause all its various senses may be traced compare synonyms for cause to make is to cause to exist or to cause to exist in a certain form or in certain relations the word thus includes the idea of create as in Genesis 1 31 and God saw everything that he had made and behold it was very good close quote make includes the idea of compose constitute as the parts make up the whole similarly to cause a voluntary agent to do a certain act is to make him do it or compel him to do it compel fixing the attention more on the process make on the accomplished fact compare compel do influence make better amend make haste quicken make known announce make prisoner arrest make up add make void cancel antonyms see synonyms for abolish break demolish prepositions make of out of or from certain materials in to or a certain purpose or person made with hands by hand made by a prisoner with a jackknife marriage synonyms conjugal union espousal espousals matrimony nuptials spousal union wedding wedlock matrimony denotes the state of those who are united in the relation of husband and wife marriage denotes primarily the act of so uniting but is extensively used for the state as well wedlock a word of specific legal use is the Saxon term for the state or relation denoted by matrimony wedding denotes the ceremony with any attendant festivities by which two persons are united as husband and wife nuptials being the more formal and stately term to express the same idea antonyms bachelorhood celibacy divorce maidenhood virginity widowhood prepositions marriage of or between two persons of one person to or with another among the Greeks masculine synonyms male, manful manlike, manly manish virile we apply male to the sex masculine to the qualities especially to the stronger hardier and more imperious qualities that distinguish the male sex as applied to women masculine has often the depreciatory sense of unwomenly rude or harsh as a masculine face or voice or the like though one may say in a commendatory way she acted with masculine courage or decision manlike may mean only having the outward appearance or semblance of a man or may be closely equivalent to manly manly refers to all the qualities and traits worthy of a man manful especially to the valor and prowess that become a man we speak of a manful struggle manly decision we say manly gentlemaness or tenderness we could not say manful tenderness manish is a depreciatory word referring to the mimicry or parade of some superficial qualities of manhood as a manish boy or woman masculine may apply to the distinctive qualities of the male sex at any age virile applies to the distinctive qualities of mature manhood only as opposed not only to feminine or womanly but to childish and is thus an emphatic word for sturdy intrepid etc antonyms c. synonyms for feminine massacre synonyms butchery, carnage, havoc slaughter a massacre is the indiscriminate killing in numbers of the unresisting or defenseless butchery is the killing of men rudely and ruthlessly as cattle are killed in the shambles havoc may not be so complete as massacre nor so coldly brutal as butchery but is more widely spread and furious it is destruction let loose and may be applied to organizations, interests etc as well as to human life quote as for Saul he made havoc of the church close quote x4 3 carnage Latin carol flesh refers to widely scattered or heaped up corpses of the slain slaughter is similar in meaning but refers more to the process as carnage refers to the result these two words only of the group may be used of great destruction of life in open and honorable battle as when we say the enemy was repulsed with great slaughter or the carnage was terrible meddlesome synonyms impertinent, intrusive meddling officious the meddlesome person interferes unasked in the affairs of others the intrusive person thrusts himself uninvited into their company or conversation the obtrusive person thrusts himself or his opinions conceitedly and undesirably upon their notice the officious person trusts his services unasked and undesired upon others obtrusive is oftener applied to words qualities actions etc then to persons intrusive is used chiefly of persons as is officious though we speak of officious attentions intrusive remarks is used indifferently of persons or of words qualities, actions etc compare inquisitive interpose antonyms modest reserved retiring shy unassuming unobtrusive melody music symphony unison harmony is simultaneous melody is successive harmony is the pleasing correspondence of two or more notes sounded at once melody the pleasing succession of a number of notes continuously following one another a melody may be wholly in one part harmony must be of two or more parts according to notes of different pitch sounded simultaneously produce harmony unison is the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes of the same pitch when the pitch is the same there may be unison between sounds of very different volume and quality as a voice and a bell may sound in unison tones sounded at the interval of an octave are also said to be in unison although this is not literally exact this usage arises from the fact that bass and tenor voices in attempting to sound the same note as the soprano and alto will in fact sound a note an octave below music may denote the simplest melody or the most complex and perfect harmony a symphony apart from its technical orchestral sense is any pleasing consonants of musical sounds vocal or instrumental as of many accordant voices or instruments memory synonyms recollection remembrance reminiscence retrospect retrospection memory is the faculty by which knowledge is retained or recalled in a more general sense memory is a retention of knowledge within the grasp of the mind while remembrance is the having what is known consciously before the mind remembrance may be voluntary or involuntary a thing is brought to remembrance or we call it to remembrance the same is true of memory recollection involves volition the mind making a distinct effort to recall something or fixing the attention actively upon it when recalled reminiscence is a half dreamy memory of scenes or events long past retrospection is a distinct turning of the mind back upon the past bringing long periods under survey retrospect is to reminiscence much what recollection is to remembrance antonyms forgetfulness oblivion obliviousness oversight unconsciousness mercy synonyms benevolence benignity blessing clemency compassion forbearance forgiveness kindness lenience leniency mildness pardon pity tenderness mercy is the exercise of less severity than one deserves or in a more extended sense the granting of kindness or favor beyond what one may rightly claim this is favor, kindness or blessing shown to the undeserving forgiveness mercy and pardon are exercised toward the ill deserving pardon remits the outward penalty which the offender deserves forgiveness dismisses resentment or displeasure from the heart of the one offended mercy seeks the highest possible good of the offender there may be mercy without pardon as in the mitigation of sentence or in all possible alleviation of necessary severity there may be cases where pardon would not be mercy since it would encourage to repetition of the offense from which timely punishment might have saved mercy is also used in the wider sense of refraining from harshness or cruelty toward those who are in one's power without fault of their own as they be sought the robber to have mercy clemency is a colder word than mercy and without its religious associations signifying mildness and moderation in the use of power where severity would have legal or military rather than moral sanction it often denotes a habitual mildness of disposition on the part of the powerful and is matter rather of good nature or policy than of principle leniency or lenity denotes an easygoing avoidance of severity these words are more general and less magisterial than clemency we should speak of the lingency of a parent the clemency of a conqueror compare pity antonym cruelty hardness harshness liberty justice penalty punishment revenge rigor severity sternness vengeance prepositions the mercy of God to or toward centers synonyms euphony measure rhythm verse euphony is agreeable linguistic sound however produced measure, measure and rhythm denote agreeable succession of sounds in the utterance of connected words euphony may apply to a single word or even a single syllable the other words apply to lines, sentences, paragraphs etc rhythm and meter may be produced by accent only as in English or by accent and quantity combined as in greek or italian rhythm or measure may apply either to prose or to poetry or to music etc meter is more precise than rhythm applies only to poetry and denotes a measured rhythm with regular divisions into verses stanzas strophes etc a verse is strictly a metrical line but the word is often used as synonymous with stanza verse in the general sense denotes metrical writing without reference to the thought involved as prose and verse compare melody poetry end of section 41 read by denis sayers of medesto california for libervox section 42 of english synonyms and antonyms this is a libervox recording all libervox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit libervox.org recording by mario pineda english synonyms and antonyms by james champlin fernald mind to mysterious mind synonyms brain consciousness disposition instinct intelligence sense spirit thought understanding mind in general sense includes all the powers of sentient being apart from the physical factors in bodily faculties and activities in a limited sense mind is nearly synonymous with intellect but includes disposition or the tendency toward action as appears in the phrase to have a mind to work as the seat of a mental activity brain, collectively brains is often used as a synonym for mind intellect intelligence thought, the act, process or power of thinking is often used to denote the thinking faculty and especially the reason the instinct of animals is now held by many philosophers to be of the same nature as the intellect of man but inferior and limited yet the apparent difference is very great an instinct is a propensity prior to experience and independent of instruction Pali natural philosophy Chapter 18 in this sense we speak of human instincts those denoting tendencies independent of reasoning or instruction the soul includes the intellect sensibilities and will beyond what is expressed by the war mind the soul denotes especially the moral the immortal nature we say of a dead body the soul not the mind has fled a spirit is used especially in contradistinction for matter the senses be substituted for soul but soul has commonly a fuller and more detainment meaning we can conceive of spirits as having no moral nature the fairies elves and brownies of mythology might be termed spirits but not souls in the figurative sense a spirit denotes animation excitability perhaps impatience as a light of a spirit he sang with spirit he replied with spirit soul denotes energy and depth of feeling as when we speak of soul flies or it may denote the barren life of anything as the hidden soul of harmony Milton, Lalegro, 1 144 sense may be an antonym of intellect as when we speak of the sense of hearing but sense is used also as denoting clear mental action good judgment acumen as he is a man of sense or he showed good sense sense even in its material signification must be reckoned among the activities of mind some bodily functions the mind not the eye really sees the mind not the ear really hears consciousness includes all that is sent in being perceives, knows, thinks or feels from wherever search arising and of whatever character, kind or degree whether with or without distinct thinking, feeling or willing we speak of the consciousness of the brute of the savage or of this age the intellect is that assemblage of faculties which is concerned with knowledge as distinguished from emotion and volition understanding is the Saxon word of the same general input but it is chiefly used of the reasoning powers the understanding which Cero Woodlum Halmonton has called the faculty of relations and comparisons is distinguished by many philosophers from reason in that reason is the faculty of the higher cognitions of a priori truth antonyms body brown brute force material substance matter minute synonyms circumstantial diminutive little slender comminutive exact particular small critical fine precise tiny detail that is minute which is of exceedingly limited dimensions as a grain of dust or which attends to matters of exceedingly slight amount or apparent importance as a minute account minute observation that which is broken up into minute particles is said to be comminuted things might be termed fine which would not be termed comminuted as fine sand fine gravel but in using the adverb we say a substance is finally comminuted comminuted referring more to the process fine to the result an account extended to very minute particulars is circumstantial detailed particular an examination so extended is critical exact precise compare fine antonyms see synonyms for large misfortune synonyms adversity affliction bereavement blow calamity chastening chastisement disappointment disaster distress failure hardship harm ill ill fortune ill luck misadventure mischance misery mishap reverse ruin sorrow stroke trial tribulation trouble visitation misfortune is adverse fortune or an instance the rough any untoward event usually oblingering character or consequences and such as the sufferer is not deemed directly responsible for as he had the misfortune to be born blind any considerable disappointment failure or misfortune as regards outwards circumstances as loss of fortune position and the like when long continued or attended with enduring consequences constitutes adversity for the loss of friends by death we commonly use affliction or bereavement calamity and disaster are reused of sovereign and severe misfortunes often overwhelming ill fortune and ill luck of lighter troubles and failures we speak of the misery of the poor the hardships of the soldier affliction chastening trial and tribulation have all and especially religious bearing suggesting some disciplinary purpose of God with beneficent design affliction may be keen and bitter but brief tribulation is long and wearing we speak of an affliction but rarely of a tribulation since tribulation is viewed as a continuous process which may endure for years or for a lifetime but we speak of our daily trials compare catastrophe antonyms blessing boon comfort consolation good fortune good luck gratification happiness joy pleasure prosperity relief success triumph mob synonyms canal crowd drags of the people lower classes masses populace rubble the vulgar the populace are poor and ignorant but may be low abiding a mob is disorderly and lawless but may be rich and influential the rubble is despicable worthless purposeless a mob may have effective desperate purpose a crowd may be drawn by mere curiosity some strong probating excitement is needed to make it a mob compare people model synonyms archetype copy design example facsimile image imitation mold original pattern prototype representation standard type a pattern is always in modern use that which is to be copied a model may be either the thing to be copied or the copy that has been made from it as the models in the patent office a pattern is commonly superficial a model is usually in relief a pattern must be closely followed in its minutest particulars by faithful compists a model may allow a great degree of freedom a sculpture may idealize his living model his work may most exactly copy in model or metal the model he has made in clay compare example idea ideal modesty synonyms backwardness bashfulness calmness constraint kindness diffidence reserve shyness timidity and obtrusiveness bashfulness is a shrinking from notice without a significant reason coiness is a half encouragement half avoidance of a offered attention and may be real or affected diffidence is self distrust modesty a humble estimate of oneself in comparison with others or with the demand of some undertaking modesty has also the specific meaning of a sensitive shrinking from anything and delicate shyness is a tendency to shrink from observation timidity a distant fear of criticism error or failure reserve is the holding oneself alone from others or holding back one's feelings from expression or one's affairs from communication to others reserve might be the retreat of shyness or on the other hand the contemptuous withdrawal of pride and hardiness compare abash pride taciturn antonyms abandon arrogance assumption assurance boldness conceit confidence egotism forewordness fragness freedom hotness impudence indiscretion loquaciousness loquacity pertness sauciness self-conceit self-sufficiency sociability money synonyms bills bullion capital cash coin currency funds gold notes property silver space money is the authorized medium of exchange coin money is called coin or space what are term in england bank notes are in the united states commonly called bills as a five dollar bill the notes of responsible men are readily transferable in commercial circles but they are not money as the stock was sold for five hundred dollars in money and the balance in urgent paper cash is a speech or money in hand or paid in hand as the cash account the cash price in the legal sense property is not money and money is not property for property is that which has inherent value while money as such has but representative value and may or may not have intrinsic value bullion is either gold or silver and coin or the coin metal considered with a reference to its coinage but simply as merchandise when its value as bullion may be very different from its value as money the world capital is used chiefly of accumulated property or money invested in productive enterprises or available for such investment morose synonyms acrimonious charlish craved crusty dogged gloomy gruff ill-humored ill-natured severe snappish sour sulky sullen surly the sullen and sulky are discontented and resentful in regard to that against which they are too proud to protest or consider all protest pain sullen denotes more of pride sulky more resentful of stenacy the morose are bitterly dissatisfied with the world in general and disposed to ban their ill-natured upon others the sullen and sulky are for the most part silent the morose grow old out bitter speeches a surly person is in a state of Latin anger resenting approach as intrusion and ready to take offense at anything those who speak of a surly dog sullen and sulky moods may be transitory one who is morose or surly is commonly so by disposition or habit antonyms amiable, benign, bland complacent friendly gentle, good-natured indulgent, kind loving, mild pleasant, sympathetic tender motion, synonyms act, action change, move movement, passage process, transit transition motion is change of place or position in space, transition is a passing from one point or position in space to another motion might be either abstract or concrete more frequently deformed movement is always concrete, that is considered in connection with the thing that moves or is moved, those who speak of the movements of the planets, but of the laws of planetary motion, of military movements, but of perpetual motion move is used chiefly of contests and competition, as in chess or politics as it is your move assure the move of the opposition action is a more comprehensive word on motion, we now rarely speak of mental or spiritual motions but rather of mental or spiritual acts or processes or of the laws of mental action but a formal proposal of action in a deliberative assembly is termed emotion, compare act antonyms, immobility quiescence, quiet repose rest, stillness mourn, synonyms bemoan, bewail deplore grieve, lament regret, rew sorrow to mourn is to fill or express sadness or distress because of some laws, affliction or misfortune mourning is thought of as prolonged grief or regret might be transient why might grieve or mourn regret, rew or sorrow without a sound? he bemoans with suppressed and often inarticulate sounds of grief he bemoans with passionate utterance whether of inarticulate cries or of a spoken words he laments in plaintive or pathetic words as the prophet Jeremiah in his lamentations one deplores would settle sorrow which may or may not find relief on words one is made to rue an act by some misfortune resulting or by some penalty or vengeance inflicted because of it one regrets a slight affliction or a haste to word he sorrows over the death of a friend antonyms be joyful, exalt joy, make merry rejoice, triumph mutual synonym, common correlative, interchangeable joint, reciprocal that is common to which two or more persons have the same or equal claims or in which they have equal interests or participation in the strictest sense that is mutual, letting mutare to change, which is freely interchanged that is reciprocal in respect to which one act or movement is met by a corresponding act or movement in return we speak of our common country mutual affection, reciprocal obligations the reciprocal action of cause and effect where the effect becomes internal cause many good writers hold it incorrect to say a mutual friend and insist that a common friend would be more accurate but common friend is practically never used because of the disagreeable suggestion that attaches to common of ordinary or inferior mutual friend has high literary authority of Burke, Scott, Dickens and others and a considerable usage of good society in its favor the expression being quite narrowly derived from the terribly correct phrase mutual friendship antonyms, detached disconnected, dissociated distinct, disunited separate, separated severed, sundered unconnected, unreciprocated unrequited, unshared mysterious synonyms obstruous, cabalistic dark, ending medical hidden, incomprehensible inexplicable, inscrutable mystic, mystical obscure, occult recondite, secret transcendental, unfathomable unfathomed, unknown that is mysterious in the true sense which is beyond human comprehension as the decrease of God or the origin of life that is mystic or mystical which has associated with it some hidden or recondite meaning especially of a religious kind as the mystic Babylon of the apocalypse that is dark which we cannot personally see through especially if sadly perplexing as a dark providence a secret which is intentionally hidden compare dark antonyms see synonyms for clear end of section 42