 welcome you all in my channel and we are talking about intelligence. First of all, a very happy new year to all of you. We are talking about intelligence, hence it is a very comprehensive concept. I have subdivided it into many sub topics. We are talking about theories of intelligence. Yesterday we have discussed unifactor theory, multi-factor theory and two-factor theory of Spearman. Today we discuss Vernon's theory of intelligence. Okay, let's start and before this I would like to share with you that this video will be useful for UGCnet, CTET, UPTET, TETs, KBS, NBS and all sort of teaching exams because intelligence is a very important topic and it covers many questions. Okay, and my video will be both in Hindi and in English. So, let's start. I will deal today Vernon's theory of intelligence. Please join our telegram group explore underscore education and do subscribe my channel. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, assistant professor, department of education, assist Khanda Girls degree college. It is a constituent college of University of Allahabad and it is my email ID. Okay, okay. So, as I have to explain it in Hindi so that both medium students Hindi as well as in English will be benefited. So, we are talking about Vernon's theory of hierarchical intelligence. His theory is called hierarchical intelligence. So, first I would like to tell you a little bit about him. So, first of all, we should remember that in the last video, we told you that when we divide the theories of intelligence in approaches, then there are two main approaches, two main approaches. One is the psychometric approach and the other is the information processing approach. The psychometric approach tells us that what is the structure of intelligence? According to this, the theories have been given because at the beginning, when the talk was about psychology on intelligence, the structure of intelligence was not fully defined yet. So, in those theories, we discuss what can be the structure of intelligence. In information processing theories, it is said that how does an intelligent person act? So, what is the processing? So, Vernon's theory is also part of the psychometric approach. So, first of all, it is a theory about the structure of intelligence. So, what is the structure of intelligence? Who has given it? Sorry, proposed by Philip E. Vernon in 1964. In 1974, he published this theory. Then it was influenced by the theory of G factor. Since we don't remember the new theory, we will be able to understand when we will be able to understand the old theory and take it to the touch. We will take it to its continuation. So, we should know. After G factor, Alfred Biné was also doing it. And Spearman went one step ahead and said that it is not only G, but also S, a specific factor. So, who was influenced by G factor? Vernon and sorry, he was a proponent of David Habs theory of intelligence. He was influenced by David Habs theory of intelligence which divided human intellectual ability into two categories. This theory divided human intellectual ability into two categories. His theory divided Habs theory. How did he divide? He called the biological substrate of human cognitive ability Intelligence A. David Habs, who is our biological substrate, gave intelligence A to our spiritual leader, Yogeta. Then he said that human intelligence A interacts with environmental influences. Intelligence B is generated. But Vernon elaborated this definition to include intelligence C. He said that it is not only A and B, it is C as well. What is C? Which is what manifests on tests of cognitive ability, the score and IQ obtained on a particular test. He said that we created A and we got B because we created A. One test that was administered to us and the score and IQ we got was C. He included this C word in this. And he said that intelligence tests are imperfect. That is, all the tests made by the intellect are not good or not good. And vary to the degree that they reflect intelligence A and B. And they differ from each other to that limit. There is a variation in their degree by which they couldn't measure intelligence A or intelligence B. Okay, so this theory structure of intelligence tells us that Philip E. Vernon gave this theory from the G factor in 1964. And David Habs' theory in which he tells intelligence A and B and he has a C in it. That is about Vernon. Then his theory, sorry, it is a bit low. No problem. Vernon's theory of hierarchical intelligence is in the structure of human abilities. Look, in 1950, this book is written as the structure of human abilities. In this book, he mentions that Vernon presented his hierarchical group factor theory of the structure of human intellectual abilities. The book can be asked, what is the book that he is mentioning? Or the book can be asked, which psychologist wrote this book. So we should remember all these things that come in the mainstream. Then, like many other prominent British intelligence theorists, spearmen as well as Burt, that is, more British intelligence theorists like spearmen and Burt, like Vernon, what did he do? He did a factor analysis. I told you yesterday that spearmen had a factor analysis that humans, they are individuals, they have a G factor which is useful in all their abilities. And there is an S factor which is useful in a particular specific activity. He did not make it like this, but he did a factor analysis. So, in the same way, Vernon also adopted this tool of factor analysis. Then, okay, because of hierarchical intelligence, we have come to understand this much, by the name of a hierarchy. There will be some kind of a structure, some sort of a series, in which there will be some top level, some below that, some below that, some below that. That is the name of this book. So, what is this at the top? At the top of this hierarchy, was spearmen's general factor G. Why? Because I told you earlier that it was influenced by G factor. Who is talking about G factor? Spearmen. He is also talking about G factor at the top. Which accounted for the largest source of the variation in intelligence. And he believes that the general factor of G factor is the largest source of our intelligence. Then, below G. What is below G? What is below G? Similarly, major, minor and specific group factors. That is, below G, there is a major factor, then there is a minor factor, then there is a minor factor, then there is a specific factor. It will clear you up in the next slide. Then, this theory accounted for the general factor and group factors. It was seen as a reconciliation between spearmen's two-factor theory and Thurston's multiple-factor theory. You can believe that what is spearmen's? Spearmen says that G is general factor and specific factor. And Thurston says that it is only specific factor. What is he saying? He is also saying G. And he is also talking about specific factor. This means that it is between these two theories. That is, it is between the two extreme theories. That is, if you do spearmen on one side, this is an extreme theory. On the other side, you do Thurston. Those who don't talk about G factor, they only talk about the specific factor. When we read Thurston, we will understand. Thurston's theory is known as primary mental abilities. P, M, A. So, on one side, what is on one extreme end? Spearmen is on one extreme end. Thurston is on the other extreme end. The G factor is given to Thurston. The multiple factor is given to Thurston. And the Varnan is given to the G factor and the multiple factor is given to the Varnan. You can understand this way. So, Varnan's theory lies between the two extreme end theories. That is why it is written that in this way, it may fill the gap between these two extreme theories. Because Spearmen is not talking about multiple and Thurston is not talking about general. And they are talking about both. Okay? Here too, Varnan's theory of high-article intelligence is written in the same setting. Then, Varnan... I will explain it to you. Varnan puts emphasis on the G factor in all the mental abilities. So, it is easy to understand. He is giving more importance to the G factor. That is why he has given the top-most position in his high-article structure. Then, he extracted the G factor from an ability test. So, he extracted the G factor from the ability test. Then found... Sorry. Then found that those remaining content could be divided into two separate parts. He said that he extracted the G factor from an ability test. He divided the remaining content into two parts. One is the V-Ed factor. And the other is the K-M factor. The V-Ed factor has the verbal and educational abilities. That is, when you look at the structure in the front, you will understand that G is divided into two parts. From which part? A V-Ed and a K-M. What is V-Ed? There are verbal and educational abilities. What is K-M? Spatial, practical and mechanical abilities. So, at the top of the Varnan's high-article model we would find G is so clear. At a level immediately below G the higher group factors would be these would act as the general categories of intelligence in a very broad sense. That is, what can we call the V and K below G? We can say that they are general categories of intelligence in a broad sense. So, what are they called? They are educational abilities and mechanical abilities. They are either theoretical or educational or non-educational. They are classified in this way. Then, what are the general categories in a broad sense? Below these two, we would find the set of the smallest group factors for general abilities. Below these, we get the smallest group factor and below that, we get the specific factor. Or you can say that we get the specific skill of any particular skill and below that, we get V and K. V is educational, K is non-educational abilities. Below these, we get the smallest group factor and below that, we get the specific skill. This is the structure of their hierarchy. Okay. General ability G. In the topmost position in hierarchy, below that, there is a verbal educational mechanical which is called KM. So, what is this? With the major group factor, this general ability is divided into two structures. Verbal educational and spatial mechanical. Then, when we divide them, we give them the name of minor group factors. For example, in verbal education, we say that it is about education. That is, it can be creative abilities, verbal fluency, numerical factors, all these are related to education. What will come in spatial mechanical? It will be spatial, psychomotor, it will be mechanical. It is a theoretical part and it is a practical part of education. So, what is this? It is minor group factors and below that, we get more parts from creative abilities. It is a specific factor, verbal fluency, numerical factors, spatial factors, psychomotor factors, mechanical information factors. So, this topmost is general ability, right? And the lowest factor, if we consider any specific skill, it is responsible for that. So, this is our hierarchy, but non, in which they are dividing the general ability into two parts, they are also dividing the major into minor and minor into specific. And this is why it is important because in this sphere, Thurston Sahab gives G and Spierman Sahab gives G and Thurston Sahab gives multiple factor. And they give both. Spierman and Thurston. So, we thought that we will do each theory because if we do many theories together, you will have difficulty understanding. Because there are many theories in intelligence and each and every theory is important. So, you should read them one by one and understand them one by one. When you will read the next, then you should remember that you will be able to correlate in its continuation and learn it. So, there are many theories in intelligence which we have done that are being questioned or whether you are doing a non-professional course in B.A. or whether you are doing a competitive examination or whether you are doing a competitive examination Thank you. Thank you all. Don't forget to like and subscribe my channel to find this channel in telegram scan to join this or you can type explore underscore education why there is need to join telegram group because there you can attain daily quizzes you can get learning materials you can ask your query and you can share your feedback with me. Okay. So, done from my side. Thank you all.