 8 The cause of icebergs—Foxchase, a bear. One day, long after the walrus hunt, just ascribed, Joe Davis stood on the deck of the hope, leaning over the side and looking out to sea, at least in the direction of the sea, for although midday it was so dark that he could not see very far in any direction. Joe was conversing with Mr. Dicey on the appearance of things around him. "'Do you know, Mr. Dicey?' said he, what it is as causes them their icebergs. Mr. Dicey looked very grave and wise for a few seconds without answering. Then he said in a rather solemn tone, "'Well, Davies, to tell you the truth, I don't know.' Now, as this question is one of considerable interest, I shall endeavour to answer it for the benefit of the reader. The whole of the interior of Greenland is covered with ice and snow. This snowy covering does not resemble that soft snow which falls on our own hills. It is hard and never melts entirely away. The snow there is in some places a thousand feet thick. It covers all the hill-tops and fills up all the valleys, so that the country may be said to be a buried land. Since the world began, perhaps, snow has been falling on it every winter, but the summers there have been so short that they could not melt away the snow of one winter before that of another came and covered it up and pressed it down. Thus, for ages, the snow of one year has been added to that which was left of the preceding, and the pressure has been so great that the masses have been squeezed nearly as hard as pure ice. The ice that has been formed in this way is called glacier, and the glaciers of Greenland cover, as I have said, the whole country, so that it can never be cultivated or inhabited by man unless the climate change. There are glaciers of this kind in many other parts of the world. We have them in Switzerland and in Norway, but not on nearly so large a scale as in Greenland. Now although this glacier ice is clear and hard, it is not quite so solid as pure ice, and when it is pushed down into the valleys by the increasing masses above it, actually flows. But this flowing motion cannot be seen. It is like the motion of the hour hand of a watch, which cannot be perceived, however closely it may be looked at. You might go to one of the valleys of Greenland and gaze at a glacier for days together, but you would see no motion whatever. All would appear solid, frozen up, and still. But notice a block of stone lying on the surface of the glacier, and go back many months after, and you will find this stone lying a little further down the valley than when you first saw it. Thus glaciers are formed, and thus they slowly move. But what has all this to do with icebergs? We shall see. As the great glaciers of the North then are continually moving down the valleys, of course their ends are pushed into the sea. These ends or tongues are often hundreds of feet thick. In some places they present a clear, glittering wall to the sea of several hundreds of feet in height, with perhaps as much again lost to view down in the deep water. As the extremities of these tongues are shoved further and further out, they chip off and float away. These chips are icebergs. I have already said that icebergs are sometimes miles in extent, like islands, that they sink seven or eight hundred feet below the surface, while their tops rise more than a hundred feet above it, like mountains. If these then are the chips of the Greenland glaciers, what must the old blocks be? In the along and animated discussion the sailors had that winter in the cabin of the Hope on the subject of ice and icebergs. When the dark nights drew on little or nothing could be done outside by our voyagers, and when the ice everywhere closed up all the animals forsook them except polar bears, so that they ran short of fresh provisions. As months of dreary darkness passed away the scurvy, that terrible disease, and to show itself among the men, their bodies became less able to withstand the cold, and it was difficult for them at last to keep up their spirits, but they fought against their troubles bravely. Captain Harvey knew well that when a man's spirits go he is not worth much. He therefore did his utmost to cheer and enliven those around him. One day, for instance, he went on deck to breathe a mouthful of fresh air. It was about eleven in the four noon, and the moon was shining brightly in the clear sky. The stars too, and the aurora borealis, helped to make up for the total absence of the sun. The cold air cut like a knife against his face when he issued from the hatchway, and the cold nose of one of the dogs immediately touched his hand, as the animal gambled around him with delight. For the extreme severity of the weather began to tell on the poor dogs, and made them draw more lovingly to their human companions. Oh, hello! shouted the captain, down the hatchway. A fox-chase, a fox-chase, tumble up all hands! The men were sitting at the time in a very dull and silent mood. They were much cast down, for as it has been cloudy weather for some weeks past, thick darkness had covered them night and day, so that they could not tell the one from the other, except by the help of their watches, which were kept carefully going. Their journals also were written up daily, otherwise they must certainly have got confused in their time altogether. In consequence of this darkness, the men were confined almost entirely to the cabin for a time. Those who had scurvy got worse, those who were well became gloomy. Captain Pepper, who was a tremendous joker, held his tongue, and Joe Davis, who was a great singer, became silent. Jim Crofts was in his bunk, down with the scurvy, and Stout Sam Baker, who was a capital teller of stories, could not pluck up spirits enough to open his mouth. In fact, as Mr. Dicey said, they all had most horrible fit of the blues. The captain and the officers were in better health and spirits than the men, though they all fared alike at the same table, and did the same kind of work, whatever that might chance to be. The officers, however, were constantly exerting themselves to cheer the men, and I have no doubt that this very effort of theirs was the means of doing good to themselves. He that watereth others shall be watered, says the word of God. I take this to mean that he who does good to others shall get good to himself. Though it certainly was with the officers of the hope. When the captain's shout reached the cabin, Jim Crofts had just said, I'll tell you what it is, mess-mates, if this here state of things goes on much longer I'll go out on the flows, walk up to the first polar bear I meet, and ask him to take his supper off me. There was no laugh at this, but Pepper remarked, in a quiet way, that he needn't put himself to so much trouble, for he was such a pale-faced, disagreeable-looking object that no bear would eat him unless it was starving. Well, then, I'll offer myself to a starving bear, to one that's a most dead with hunger, retorted Jim Gloomily. What's that, the captain is singing out, said Davy Butts, who is mending a pair of canvas shoes. The men roused themselves at Twent's, for the hope of anything new turning up excited them. Hello, ho! roared the captain again, and a voice that might have started, a dead walruth, tumble up there, a fox-chase, I'll give my second best fur coat to the man that catches Foxy. In one instant the whole crew were scrambling up the ladder. Even Jim Crofts, who was really ill, rolled out of his bunk and staggered on deck, saying he would have a go after Foxy if he should die for it. The game of Fox is simple. One man is chosen to be the fox. He runs off and the rest follow. They are bound to go wherever the fox leads. In this case it was arranged that the fox should run round the deck until he should be caught. Then the men who caught him should become fox, and continue running on with all the rest following, until he in turn should be caught, and so on, until the one who could run longest and fastest should break down all the rest. The warm fur coat was a prize worth running for in such a cold climate, so the game began with spirit. Young Gregory offered to be Fox first, and away they went with a yell. Mr. Mansell was a little lame, and soon gave in. Mr. Dicey fell at the second round, and was unable to recover distance. Gregory would certainly have gained the coat, for he was strong and had been a crack racer at school. But he did not want the coat, so he allowed Sam Baker to catch him. Sam held on like a deer for a few minutes, and one after another the man dropped off as they were blown. Jim Croft's poor fellow made a gallant burst, but his limbs refused to help his spirit. He fell and was assisted below by the captain, and replaced in his bunk, where, however, he felt the benefits of his efforts. The race was now kept up by Sam Baker, Joe Davis, and Butts. The three were struggling on, and panting loudly, while their comrades, danced about, clapped their mitten hands and shouted, Now then, Sam, go in and win, Joe, Butts, for ever! And such like encouraging cries. To the surprise of everyone, David Butts came off the winner, and for many a day after that enjoyed the warm coat which he said his long legs had gained for him. This effort of the captain to cheer the men was very successful, so he resolved to follow it up with an attempt at private theatricals. Accordingly, this thing was proposed, and heartily agreed to. Next day everyone was busy making preparations. Tom Gregory agreed to write a short play. Sam Baker, being the healthiest man on board, was willing to act the part of an invalid old lady, and Jim Croft's consented to become a gay young doctor for that occasion. Meanwhile the captain arranged a piece of real work, for he felt that the attempt to keep up the spirits alone would not do. They had been for a long time living on salt provisions. Nothing could restore the crew but fresh meat. Yet fresh meat was not to be had. The walrus and deer were all gone, and although foxes and bears were still around them, they had failed in all their attempts to shoot or trap any of these animals. A visit to the Eskimo camp therefore, if such a camp really existed, became necessary, so while the theatricals were in preparation, a small sledge was rigged up. Gregory and Sam Baker were chosen to go with him. The dogs were harnessed, and, on a fine, starry forenoon, away they went to the south at full gallop, with three hearty cheers from the crew of the brig, who were left in charge of the first mate. The journey, thus undertaken, was one full of risk. It was not known how far distant the natives might be, or when they were likely to be found. The weather was intensely cold, only a small quantity of preserved meat could be taken, for the rest they trusted in some measure to their guns, but the captain's great hope was to reach the Eskimo village in a day or two at the furthest. If he should fail to do so, the prospect of himself and the crew surviving the remainder of the long winter was, he felt, very gloomy indeed. Success attended this expedition at the very beginning. They had only been eight hours out when they met a bear sitting on its haunches behind a hammock. "'Hallo! Look out!' cried Gregory, uncatching sight of him. "'Fire lads,' said the captain, I am not quite ready. Gregory fired, and the bear staggered. Baker then fired, and it fell. This was a blessing which filled their hearts so full of thankfulness that they actually shook hands with each other, and then gave vent to three hearty cheers. Their next thoughts were given to their comrades in the hope. "'You and Baker will camp here, Tom,' said the captain, and I will return to the brig with a sludge-load of the meat. When I put it aboard, I'll come straight back to you. We'll keep a ham for ourselves, of course. Now then, to work.' To work the three men went. A hind leg of the bear was cut off. The rest was lashed firmly on the sledge, and the dogs enjoyed a feed while this was being done. Then the captain cracked his whip. Good-bye, lads. Good-bye, captain. And away he and the dogs and sledge went, and were soon lost to view among the hummocks of the frozen sea. CHAPTER IX. All Libervox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit Libervox.org. Fast in the Ice, by R. M. Ballantine, CHAPTER IX. A visit to the Eskimos. Wonderful do-ings. A mystery. The proceedings of this sledge-party were so interesting that I give them in the words of Tom Gregory's journal. Sunday we have indeed caused to rejoice and to thank God for his mercies this morning. Last night we shot a bear, and the captain is away with the carcass of it, to our poor scurvy smitten friends and the hope. This Sunday will be a real day of rest for me and Sam Baker, though our resting place is a very queer one. After the captain left us we looked about for a convenient place to encamp, and only a few yards from the spot where we killed the bear we found the ruins of an old Eskimo hut made partly of stones, partly of ice. We set to work to patch it up with snow, and made it perfectly airtight in about two hours. Into this we carried our bear skins and things, spread them on the snowy floor, put a lump of bear's fat into our tin travelling lamp, and prepared supper. We were not particular about the cookery. We cut a couple of huge slices off our bear's ham. Half roasted them over the lamp and began. It was cut, roast, and come again, for the next hour and a half. I positively never knew what hunger was until I came to this savage country, and I certainly never before had any idea of how much I could eat at one sitting. This hearty supper was washed down with a swig of melted snow water. We had some coffee with us, but were too tired to infuse it. Then we blocked up the door with snow, rolled our bear skins around us, and were sound asleep in five minutes. We for us that we were so careful to stop up every hole with snow, forage during the night, the wind rose, and it became so intensely cold that Baker and I could scarcely keep each other warm enough to sleep, tired though we were. At this moment my fingers are so stiff that they will hardly hold the pencil with which I write, and the gale is blowing so furiously outside that we dare not open the door. This door, by the way, is only a hole big enough to creep through. The captain cannot travel to-day. He knows we are safe, so I will not expect him. I have brought my small testament with me. It has hitherto been my constant travelling companion. I am thus provided with mental food. But in truth I shall not want much of that for the next twelve hours. Rest, rest, rest is what we require. No one can imagine how a man can enjoy rest after he has been for many months exposed to constant, exhausting, heart-breaking toil, with the thermometer always below zero, and with nothing but salt food to keep him alive. Tuesday night here we are at last, among the Eskimos, and what a queer set they are to be sure. All fat and fur. They look as broad as they are long. They wear short fox and seal-skin coats or shirts, with hoods to them, no trousers, but long boots that come up and meet the coats. Men, women, and babies all dress alike, or nearly so. The only difference is that the women's boots are longer and wider than those of the men. But I forgot, yes, there is another difference. The women have tails to their coats, the men have none. Real tails, not like the broad skirts of our dress-coats, but long, narrow tails, something like the tail of a cow, with a broadish flap at the end of it. This they evidently look upon as a handsome ornament, for I observe that when they go off on a journey each woman buttons her tail up to her waist to keep it out of the way, and when she returns she unbuttons it and comes into camp with her tail flowing gracefully behind her. We had a terrible journey of it down here. The captain returned to us on Monday morning early, and the next two days we spent struggling over the hummocks and out upon the flows. It was so cold that the wind cut into our very marrow. We have all had our faces frozen, more or less, but not badly. Baker will have an ugly spot on the end of his nose for some weeks to come. It is getting black now, and as the nose itself is bright red and much swelled, his appearance is not improved. I foolishly tried to eat a little snow yesterday morning, and the consequence is that my lips are sore and bloody. On Monday afternoon the dogs and sledge went head over heels into a deep rut in the ice, and it cost us two hours to get them out. Luckily no damage was done, although the captain was on the sledge at the time. We had almost despaired of finding the village when we came upon a sledge-track that led us straight up to it. I shall never forget the beauty of the scene on our arrival. The sky was lighted up with the most beautiful aurora I have yet seen in these regions. Stars spangled the sky in millions. Great icebergs rose in wild confusion in the distance, and all along the shore for a hundred yards were clusters of snow-huts. They looked exactly like beehives. I have seen many a strange house, but the strangest of all is certainly a house of snow. Today I was fortunate enough to see one built. It was done very neatly. The hard snow was cut into slabs with a wooden knife. These were piled one above another in regular order and cemented with snow, as bricks are with lime. The form of the wall was circular, and the slabs were so shaped that they sloped inwards, thus forming a dome or a large beehive, with a keystone slab in the top to keep all firm. A hole was then cut in the side for a door, just large enough to admit of a man creeping through. In front of this door a porch or passage of snow was built. The only way of getting into the hut is by creeping on hands and knees along the passage. A hole was also cut in the roof into which was inserted a piece of clear ice to serve for a window. The natives received us with wild surprise, and I found my old friends the walrus-hunters among them. They were remarkably friendly. One stout, middle-aged fellow, invited us to his hut. I am now seated in it, beside the eskimo wife, who would be a good-looking woman if she was not so fat, dirty, and oily. But we cannot expect people living in this fashion, and in such a country, to be very clean. Although the hut is white outside, it is by no means white inside. They cook all their food over an oil lamp, which also serves to heat the place, and it is wonderful how warm a house of snow becomes. The cold outside is so great as to prevent the walls melting inside. Besides Mioch, our host and his wife, there are two of the men's sisters, two lads, two girls, and a baby in the hut. Also six dogs, the whole of them, men, women, children, and dogs, are as fat as they can be, for they have been successful in walrus-hunting of late. No wonder that the perspiration is running down my face. The natives feel the heat too, for they are all half-naked. The baby entirely so, but they seem to like it. What a chattering to be sure. I am trying to take notes, and Mioch's wife is staring at me with her mouth wide open. It is a wonder she can open her eyes at all. Her cheeks are so fat. The captain is trying, by the language of signs, to get our host to understand that we are much in want of fresh meat. Sam Baker is making himself agreeable to the young people, and the plan he has hit upon to amuse them is to show them his watch and let them hear it tick. Truly I have seldom seen a happier family-group than this Eskimo household under their snowy roof. There is to be a grand walrus-hunt to-morrow. We shall accompany them, and see whether our endurance on a long march and our powers with the rifle cannot impress them with some respect for us. At present they have not much. They seem to think us a pale-faced set of helpless creatures. Wednesday night. We have just returned from the hunt, and a tremendous hunt it was. Six walrus and two bears have been killed, and the whole village is wild with delight. Cooking is going on in every hut, but they have no patience. Truly every one is munching away at a lump of raw walrus flesh. All their faces are more or less greasy and bloody. Even Meyok's baby, though not able to speak, is choking itself with a long stringy piece of blubber. The dogs, too, have got their share. An Eskimo's chief happiness seems to be in eating, and I cannot wonder at it, for the poor creatures have hard work to get food, and they are often on the verge of starvation. What a dirty set they are! I shall never forget the appearance of Meyok's hut when we first entered at this evening after returning from the hunt. The man's wife had made the wick of her stone lamp as long as possible in order to cook a large supper. There were fifteen people crowded together in this hive of snow, and the heat had induced them to throw off the greater part of their clothing. Every hand had a greasy lump of bear or walrus meat in it. Every mouth was in full occupation, and every fat face of man, woman, and child was beaming with delight and covered with dirt and oil. The captain and I looked at each other and smiled as we entered, and Sam Baker laughed outright. This set all the natives laughing, too. We did not much relish the idea of supping and sleeping in such a place. But necessity has no law. We were hungry as hawks, desperately tired, and the temperature outside is thirty-five degrees below zero. The first duty of the night is now over. We have supped. The natives will continue to eat the greater part of the night. They eat till they fall asleep. If they chance to awake, they eat again. Half of them are asleep now and snoring. The other half are eating slowly, for they are nearly full. The heat and smell are awful. I am perspiring at every pour. We have taken off as much of our clothes as decency will permit. Sam has on a pair of trousers, nothing more. I am in the same state. There is little room as may be supposed. We have to lie huddled up as best we can. And a strange sight we are as the red light of the flaring lamp falls on us. At this moment Meyuk's wife is cutting a fresh steak. The youngest boy is sound asleep with a lump of fat between his teeth. The captain is also sound, with his legs sprawling over the limbs, of half a dozen slumbering natives. He is using the baby as a pillow. It is curious to think that these poor creatures always live in this way. Sometimes feasting, sometimes starving, freezing out on the flows, stewing under their roofs of snow, usually fat, for the most part jolly. It is sad, too, to think of this, for it is a low condition for human beings to live in. They seem to have no religion at all, certainly none that is worthy of the name. I am much puzzled when I think of the difficulties in the way of introducing Christianity among these northern Eskimos. No missionary could exist in such a climate and in such circumstances. It is with the utmost difficulty that hardy seamen can hold out for a year, even with a ship-load of comforts. But this is too deep a subject to write about to-night. I can't keep my eyes open. I will therefore close my notebook and lie down to sleep. Perhaps to be suffocated I hope not. Accordingly our young friend the doctor did lie down to sleep, and got through the night without being suffocated. He slept so soundly that Captain Harvey could scarcely rouse him next morning. �Hello, Tom! Tom!� he cried loudly, at the same time shaking his nephew's arm violently. �I, eh!� and a tremendous yawn from Tom. �What now, uncle? Time to rise, is it? Where am I? � �Time to rise!� replied the captain. �I should think it is! Why, it's past eleven in the four noon. The stars are bright and the sky clear. The aurora, too, is shining. �Come, get up!� the natives are all outside watching Sam while he packs our sledge. The ladies are going about the camp whisking their tails and whacking their babies in great glee, for it is not every day they enjoy such a feed as they had last night. In half an hour they were ready. The whole village turned out to see them start. Meyuk and his wife, Omia, and the baby and his son, Mitech, accompanied them to refuge Harbour. Omia's baby was part of herself. She could not move without it. It was always naked, but being stuffed into the hood of its mother's fur coat, it seemed always warm. �I say, Tom, what's that up in the sky?� said Captain Harvey, suddenly, after they had been driving for a couple of hours. �It's the strangest looking thing I ever did see!� �So it is!� replied Gregory, gazing intently at the object in question, which seemed high in the air. �It can't be a comet, because it gives no light. �Perhaps not, but it has got a tail, that's a fact� said Baker, in a voice of surprise. Who ever heard of a dark four-cornered star with a tail? If I had seen it in daylight and in merry England I would have said it was a kite! �A kite, nonsense!� cried the Captain. �What in the world can it be?� �Reader, you shall find that out in the next chapter. CHAPTER IX When Mr. Mansell was left in charge of the brig, a heavy weight lay on his heart, and he could by no means take part in the preparations for the theatricals which occupied the rest of the crew. He felt that life or death depended on the success of the Captain in his search for fresh meat. Already most of the men were ill with scurvy, and some of them were alarmingly low. Nothing could save them but fresh meat. And when the first mate thought of the difficulties and dangers of a journey on the flows in such weather, and the uncertainty of the Eskimos being discovered, his heart misgave him. About an hour after the departure of Captain Harvey, on the Monday morning he took Davey Butts aside. �Davey?� he said. �You've been at work on these kites a long time. Are they nearly finished? �Quite finished, sir� answered Butts. �Then get them up, for there is a good breeze. I shall try them on our small sledges. It will at least stir up and amuse the men. Ten minutes after this the crew were summoned on deck to witness an experiment. A small dog-sledge lay on the hard snow beside the vessel, and near to this Davey Butts and Mr. Dicey were holding on to a stout line at the end of which an enormous kite was pulling. This kite was square in shape, made of the thickest brown paper, and nearly six feet across, that its power was great was evident from the difficulty with which the two men held it. The end of the line was fastened to the sledge. �Now, boys, ease off the line till it is taught, and then wait for the word� said Davey Butts, jumping on to the sledge. �Now, let go.� Away went the sledge over the hard snow at the rate of three miles an hour which soon increased to double that rate. Davey cheered and waved his arms. The men gave one loud hurrah of surprise and delight, and set off in mad pursuit. They were soon left behind. �Hold on, Davey. Goodbye, Butts. Luck out, mind that ridge.� The last warning was needful. The sledge was rushing furiously towards a long ridge of ice which rose in a sharp slope to a height of three feet, and descended on the other side to an equal depth but without any slope. Davey saw his danger, but he did not dare put out a foot or hand to check his progress. Even if he had it would have been of no use. Up the slope he went as a seagull skims over a wave. For one moment he was in the air. The next he came down with a crash that nearly dislocated all his joints, and his teeth came together with a loud snap. By good fortune his tongue was not between them. The sledge was a strong one, and the thing was done so quickly and neatly that it did not upset. But now a large and rugged hummock lay right before him. To go against that would have been certain death, so Davey made up his mind at once and jumped off at the smoothest part of the flow he could find. The lightened sledge sprang away like a rocket and was brought up with a sudden jerk by the hummock. Of course the line broke, and the kite commenced to descend. It twirled and circled violently round, and at last went crash into an iceberg where it was broken to pieces. "'Not so bad for a beginning,' said Mansel, as poor Davey came back, looking very crestfallen. Now butts come below. You have proved that the thing will do. Mr. Dicey, get yourself ready for a trip over the ice. Let three men prepare to accompany you. I shall send you off to moral.' Dicey, much surprised, went off to obey these orders, and Mansel, with the assistance of butts, fitted the second kite for the intended journey. He made a rough guess at the strength of its pole, and loaded the sledge accordingly. Two tail-ropes were fastened to the last bar of the sledge, for the men to hold on by and check its speed. A sort of anchor was made by which it could be stopped at any moment, and two stout poles with iron claws at the end of them were prepared for scraping over the snow and checking the pace. Next day all was ready. A trial was made, and the thing found to work admirably. The trial trip over they bade their comrades farewell, and away they went due south, in the direction where the native village was supposed to be. It was this remarkable tow-horse that had filled Captain Harvey and his companions with so much surprise. The appearance of the sledge immediately after, with a shout and a cheer from Dicey and the men, explained the mystery. Being so near the Eskimo camp they at once returned to it, in order to allow the newly arrived party to rest, as well as to load their sledge with as much fresh meat as it could carry. For which supplies the captain took care to pay the natives, with a few knives and a large quantity of hoop iron, articles that were much more valuable to them than gold. As the wind could not be made to turn about to suit their convenience, the kite was brought down and given to Davy to carry, and a team of native dogs were harnessed to the sledge instead. On the following day the United Party set out on their return to the brig, which they reached in safety. Tom Gregory's account of the Eskimos who accompanied them to their wooden home is amusing, his journal runs thus. The amazement of our visitors is very great. Mayuk, his wife and baby, and his son, Mitek, are now our guests. When they first came inside of the brig, they uttered a wild shout. The men did so at least, and tossed their arms and opened their eyes and mouths. They have never shut them since. They go all round the vessels, staring and gaping with amazement. We have given them a number of useful presents, and intend to send them home loaded with gifts for all their friends. It is necessary to make a good impression on them. Our lives depend very much on the friendship of these poor people. We find that they are terrible thieves, a number of knives and a hatchet were missed. They were found hidden in Mayuk's sledge. We tried to prevail on Omiya to sell her long boots. To our surprise she was quite willing to part with one, but nothing would induce her to give up the other. One of the men observed her still a knife out of the cabin and hide it in the leg of her boot. The reason was now plain. We pulled off the boot without asking leave, and found there a large assortment of articles stolen from us. Two or three knives, a spoon, a bit of hoop iron, and a marlin spike. I have tried to make them understand by signs that this is very wicked contact, but they only laugh at me. They are not, in the least, ashamed, and evidently regard stealing as no sin. We have shot a musk ox. There are many of these creatures in other parts of the Arctic regions, but this is the first we have seen here. He fell to my rifle, and is now being devoured by ourselves and our dogs with great relish. He is about the size of a very small cow, has a large head and enormously thick horns, which cover the whole top of his head, bend down towards his cheek, and then curve up and outward at the point. He is covered with long brown hair, which almost reaches the ground, and has no tail worthy of the name. He seems to be an active and angry creature. When I wounded him he came at me furiously, but had not plucked to charge home. As he turned away I gave him the shot that killed him. The meat is not bad, but it smells strongly of musk. Walrus is better. Mayuk and his son, Mitek, and I have had a most exciting bear hunt since we returned. I followed these men one day, as I thought them bold, active-looking fellows, who would be likely to show me good Eskimo sport, and I was not disappointed. About two miles from the brig we came on fresh bear tracks. A glow of the aurora gave us plenty of light. What is yon round white lump, thought I, a bear? No, it must be a snow-reef. Mayuk did not think so, for he ran behind a lump of ice, and became excited. He made signs to me to remain there, while he and his son should go and attack the bear. They were armed each with a long lance. I must say, when I remember the size and strength of the polar bear, that I was surprised to find these men bold enough to attack him with such arms. I had my rifle, but determined not to use it, except in case of necessity. I wished to see how the natives were accustomed to act. They were soon ready, gliding softly from one lump of ice to another. They got near enough to make a rush. I was disobedient. I followed, and when the rush was made I was not far behind them. The bear was a very large one. It uttered an angry growl, unseeing the men running toward it, and rose on its hind legs to receive them. It stood nearly eight feet high when in this position, and looked really a terrible monster. I stood still behind a hammock at a distance of about fifty yards, with my rifle ready. Uncoming close up the father and son separated, and approached the bear, one on each side. This divided his attention, and puzzled him very much. For, when he made a motion, as if he were going to rush up Mayuk, Mitek flourished his spear, and obliged him to turn. Then Mayuk made a demonstration, and turned him back again. Thus they were enabled to get close to its side before it could make up its mind which to attack. But the natives soon settled the question for it. Mayuk was on the bear's right side, Mitek on the left. The father pricked it with the point of his lance. A tremendous roar followed, and the enraged animal turned towards him. This was just what he wanted, because it gave the son an opportunity of making a deadly thrust. Mitek was not slow to do it. He plunged his lance deep into the bear's heart, and it fell at once at full length, while a crimson stream poured out of the wound upon the snow. While this fight was going on, I might have shot the animal through the heart, with great ease, for it was quite near to me, and when it got up on its hind legs, its broad chest presented a fine target. It was difficult to resist the temptation to fire, but I wished to see the native manner of doing the thing from beginning to end, so did not interfere. I was rewarded for my self-denial. Half an hour later, while we were dragging the carcass toward the brig, we came unexpectedly upon another bear. Mayuk and Mitek at once grabbed their lances and ran forward to attack him. I now resolved to play them a trick. Besides my rifle I carried a large horse-pistol in my belt. This I examined, and, finding it all right, I followed close at the heels of the Eskimos. Bruin got up on his hind legs as before, and the two men advanced close to him. I stopped when within thirty yards, cocked my rifle, and stood ready. Mayuk was just going to thrust his lance when, bang, went my rifle. The bear fell. It was shot right through the heart, but it struggled for some time after that. The native seemed inclined to run away when they heard the shot, but I laughed and made signs of friendship. Then I went close up and shot the bear through the head with my pistol. This affair has filled my savage companions with deep respect for me. These two bears were the last they obtained that winter, but as a good supply of meat had been obtained from the Eskimos they were relieved from anxiety for the time, and the health of the men began to improve a little. But this happy state of things did not last till spring. These sorely tired men were destined to ensure much suffering before the light of the sun came back to cheer their drooping spirits. CHAPTER XI Christmas time, death, return of light and hope, deliverance. Christmas came at last, but with it came no bright sun to remind those ice-bound men of our Saviour, the son of righteousness, whose birth the day commemorated. It was even darker than usual in Refuge Harbour on that Christmas day. It was so dark at noon that one could not see any object more than a few yards distant from the eyes. A gale of wind from the Norwest blew the snowdrift in whirling, ghostlike clouds round the hope, so that it was impossible to face it for a moment. So intense was the cold that it felt like sheets of fire being driven against the face. Truly it was a day well fitted to have depressed the heartiest of men. But man is a wonderful creature, not easy to comprehend. The very things that ought to have cast down the spirits of the men of the hope were the things that helped to cheer them. About this time, as I have said, the health of the crew had improved a little, so they were prepared to make the most of everything. Those feelings of kindness and goodwill, which warmed the breast of all right-minded men at this season of the year, filled our arctic voyages to overflowing. Thoughts of home came crowding on them, with a power that they had not felt at other times. Each man knew that on this day more than any other day of that long dark winter the talk round a well-known hearth in merry England would be of one who was far, far away in the dark regions of ice and snow. A tear or two that could not be forced back tumbled over rough cheeks which were not used to that kind of salt water, and many a silent prayer went up to call down a blessing on the heads of dear ones at home. The light blue, great guns outside, as Baker said, but what of that? It was a dead calm in the cabin. It was dark as a coal-hole on the flows. What then? It was bright as noonday in the hope. No sun blazed through the skylight to be sure, but a lamp, filled with fat, glared on the table, and a great fire of coal glowed in the stove. Both of these together did not make the place too warm, but they were fur coats and trousers and boots to help defy the cold. The men were few in number, and not likely to see many friends on that Christmas day, all the more reason why they should make the most of each other. Besides, they were wrong in their last idea about friends, for it chanced on that very day that Mayuk the Eskimo paid them a visit, quite ignorant of its being Christmas, of course. Mayuk was with him, and so was Omia, and so was the baby, that remarkably fat, oily, naked baby, that seemed rather to enjoy the cold than otherwise. They had plum pudding that day, but said it was almost as big as the head of a walrus. They also had a roast of beef, walrus beef, of course, and it was first rate. But before dinner the captain made them go through their usual morning work of cleaning, airing, making beds, posting journals, noting temperatures, opening the fire-hole, and redding up. For the captain was a great believer in the value of discipline. He knew that no man enjoys himself so much as he who has got through his work early. Who has done his duty? It did not take them long, and when it was done the captain said, Now, boys, we must be jolly to-day. As we can't get out we must take some exercise indoors. We shall need extra appetite to make a way with that plum pudding. So at it they went, every sort of game or feat of strength known to sailors was played, or attempted. It was in the middle of all this that Mayuk and his family arrived, so they were compelled to join. Even the fat baby was put into a blanket and swung round the cabin by Jim Croft, to the horror of its mother, who seemed to think it would be killed, and to the delight of its father, who didn't seem to care whether it was killed or not. Then came the dinner. What a scene that was, to be sure! It would take a whole book to describe all that was said and done that day. The Eskimos ate till they could hardly stand. That was their usual custom. Then they lay down and went to sleep. That was their usual custom too. The rest ate as heartily poor fellows as it was possible for men, not yet quite recovered from scurvy. They had no wine, but they had excellent coffee, and with this they drank to absent friends, sweet hearts, and wives, and many other toasts, the mere mention of which raised strong home-feelings in their breasts that some of them almost choked in the attempt to cheer. Then came songs and stories, all of them old, very old indeed, but they came out on this occasion as good as new. The great event of the evening, however, was a fancy ball in which our friends, but Baker, Gregory, and Pepper, distinguished themselves. They had a fiddle, and Dawkins, the Stuart, could play it. He knew nothing but Scotch reels. But what could have been better? They could all dance, or if they could not, they all tried. Mayuk and Mitech were made to join, and they caped as gracefully as polar bears, which animals they strongly resembled in their hairy garments. Late in the evening came supper. It was just a repetition of dinner, with the remains of the pudding, fried in bears' grease. Thus passed Christmas Day, much in the same way past New Year's Day. Then the men settled down to their old style of life, but the time hung so heavy on their hands that their spirits began to sink again. The long darkness became intolerable, and the fresh meat began to fail. Everything with life seemed to have first saken the place. The captain made another trip to the Eskimo village and found the huts empty. The whole race had flown, he knew not wither. The private theatricals were at first very successful, but by degrees they lost their interest and were given up. Then a school was started, and Gregory became headmaster. Riding and arithmetic were the only branches taught. Some of the men were in much need of instruction, and all of them took to school with energy and much delight. It lasted longer than the theatricals did. As time wore on, the fresh meat was finished, scurvy became worse, and it was as much as the men who were not quite knocked down could do to attend to those who were. Day after day Tom and Gregory and Sam went out to hunt, and each day returned empty-handed. Sometimes an arctic hare or fox was got, but not often. At last rats were eaten as food. These creatures swarmed in the hold of the brig. They were caught in traps and shot with bow and a blunt-headed arrow, but few of the men would eat them. The captain urged them to do so in vain. Those who did eat kept in better health than those who did not. At last death came. Mr. Mansell sank beneath the terrible disease and was buried on the island. No grave could be dug in that hard frozen soil. The burial service was read by his sorrowing comrades over his body which was frozen quite hard before they reached the grave and then laid it into a tomb of ice. Time hung heavier than ever after that. Death is at all a terrible visitant, but in such a place and under such circumstances it was tenfold more awful than usual. The blank and so small a band was a great one. It would perhaps have depressed them more than it did had their own situation been less desperate. But they had too fierce a battle to fight with disease and the midnight gloom and the bitter frost to give way to much feeling about him who was gone. Thus the long winter passed heavily away. The sun came back at last and when he came his beams shone upon a pale, shattered and heart-weary band of men, but with his cheering light came also hope and health soon followed in his train. Let young Gregory's journal tell the rest of our story little of which now remains to be told. February twenty-first I have to record with joy and gratitude that the sun shone on the peaks of the icebergs to-day. The first time it has done so since October last. By the end of this month we shall have his rays on deck. I climbed to the top of a berg and actually bathed in sunshine this four-noon. We are all quite excited by the event. Some of us even look jolly. Ah! what miserable faces my comrades have! So pale, so thin! We are all as weak as water. The Captain and I are the strongest. Baker is also pretty well. Crofts and Davis are almost useless, the rest being quite helpless. The Captain cooks, Baker and I hunt. Crofts and Davis attend to the sick. Another month of darkness would have killed the half of us. I shot a bear to-day. It did my heart good to see the faces of the men when I brought them the news and a piece of the flesh. The cold is not quite so intense now. Our coldest day this year has been the seventeenth of January. The glass stood at sixty-seven degrees below zero on that morning. What a winter we have had! I shudder when I think of it. But there is no more cause to be anxious about what yet lies before us. A single bear will not last long. Many weeks must pass before we are free. In June we hope to be released from our ice-prison. Fresh meat we shall then have in abundance. With it strength will return, and then if God permits we shall attempt to continue our voyage northward. The Captain is confident on the point of open water round the pole. The men are game for anything in spite of their sad condition. Thus wrote Gregory at that date. Many weeks later we find him writing as follows. June fifteenth. Free at last. The ice has been breaking up out at sea for some time past. It gave way in refuge harbour yesterday, and we warped out in the night. Everything is ready to push north again. We have been feeding heartily for many weeks on walrus, seals, wild fowl, and last but not least, on some grasses which make bad greens, but they have put scurvy to flight. All the men are well and strong and fit for hard work, though nothing like what they were when we first came here. Could it be otherwise? There are some of us who will carry the marks of this winter to our graves. The bright beautiful sunshine shines now all day and all night, cheering our hearts and inspiring hope. June fifteenth. All is lost. How little we know what a day may bring forth! Our good little brig is gone, and we are here on the ice, without a thing in the world except the clothes on our back. I have saved my notebook, which chanced to be in my breast pocket when the nip took place. How awfully sudden it was. We now appreciate the wise forethought of Captain Harvey in sending the large boat to Forlorn Hope Bay. This boat is our last and only hope. We shall have to walk forty miles before we reach it. Our brig went down at three o'clock this afternoon. We had warped out into the flows to catch a light breeze that was blowing outside. For some time we held on steadily to the northward, but had not got out of sight of our winter quarters when a stream of ice set down upon us and closed in all around. At first we thought nothing of this, having escaped so many dangers of the kind last autumn, but by degrees the pressure increased alarmingly. We were jammed against a great ice-field which was still fast to the shore. In a few moments the sides of our little vessel began to creak and groan loudly. The men labored like tigers at the ice-polls, but in vain. We heard a loud report in the cabin. No one knows what it was, but I suppose it must have been the breaking of a large bolt. At any rate it was followed by a series of crashes and reports that left no doubt in our minds as to what was going on. The ice was cracking the brig as if she had been a nutshell. "'Save yourselves, lads,' cried the captain. One or two of the men made a rush to the hatchway, intending to run below and save some of their things. I ran to the cabin ladder in the hope of saving our log-book and journals. But we all started back in horror, for the deck at that moment burst open almost under our feet. I cast one glance down through the opening into the hold. That glance was sufficient. The massive timbers and beams were being crushed together, doubled up, split and shivered as if they had been rotten straws. In another moment I was on the ice where the whole crew were assembled, looking on at the work of destruction in solemn silence. After bursting in the vessel's sides the ice eased off and she at once began to settle down. We could hear the water rushing furiously into the hold. Ten minutes later she was gone. Thus end our hopes of further discovery, and we are now left to fight away in an open boat to the settlements on the south coast of Greenland. We have little time to think. Prompt action must be our watchword now, if we would escape from this world of ice. July 20th. I have not entered a line in this journal since our vessel was lost. Our work has been so severe and our suffering so great that I have had no heart for writing. Our walk to the place where we left the boat was a hard one, but we were cheered by finding the boat all safe, and the provisions and stores just as we left them. There was not enough to last out the voyage, but we had guns and powder. It is in vain to attempt to describe the events of the last few weeks. Constant and hard and cold work at the oars, with the ice-pulls, warping, hauling and shoving, beset by ice, driving before storms, detained by thick fogs, often wet to the skin, always tired, almost starving. Such has been our fate since that sad day when our break went down. And yet I think there is one of our party who would not turn about on the spot and renew our voyage of discovery if only he got a chance of going in a well-appointed vessel. As it was, we must push on. Home, home, is now our cry. August 1st. We are in clover, after having been reduced to think of roasting our shoes for breakfast. For three days last week we ate nothing at all. Our powder has been expended for some weeks past. On Monday we finished our last morsel of the gall, that pepper managed to bring down with a stone. Tuesday was a terrible day. The agony of hunger was worse than I had expected it to be. Nevertheless we tried hard to cheer each other as we labored at the oars. Our only hope was to fall in with natives. Signs of them were seen everywhere, and we expected to hear their shouts at every point of land we doubled. The captain suggested that we should try shoe-soup on Wednesday morning. He was more than half an earnest, but spoke as if he were justing. Pepper cocked his ears as if there was some hope still of work for him to do in his own line. Jim Crofts pulled off his shoe, and looking at it earnestly wondered if the soul would make a very tough chop. We all laughed, but I cannot say that the laugh sounded hearty. On the Thursday I began to feel weak, but the pangs of hunger were not so bad. Our eyes seemed very large and wolfish. I could not help shuddering when I thought of the terrible things that men have done when reduced to this state. That evening as we rounded a point we saw an Eskimo boy high on a cliff with a net in his hand. He did not see us for some time, and we were so excited that we stopped rowing to watch him in breathless silence. Thousands of birds were flying round his head among the cliffs. How often we had tried to kill some of these with sticks and stones, in vain. The net he held was a round one, with a long handle. Suddenly he made a dashing sweep with it, and caught two of the birds as they passed. We now saw that a number of dead birds lay at his feet. In one moment our boat was ashore, and we scrambled up to the cliffs in eager haste. The boy fled in terror, but before he was well out of sight every man was seated on a ledge of rock, with a bird at his mouth sucking the blood. Hunger, like ours, despises cookery. It was fortunate that there were not many birds, else we should have done ourselves harm by eating too much. I have eaten many a good meal in my life, but never one so sweet, or for which I was so thankful, as that meal of raw birds devoured on the cliffs of Greenland. That night we reached the Eskimo village where we now lie. We find that it is only two days' journey from this place to the Danish settlements. There we mean to get on board the first ship that is bound for Europe, no matter what port she sails for. Meanwhile we rest our weary limbs in peace, for our dangers are passed, and thanks be to God we are saved. Reader, my tale is told, a little book cannot be made to contain a long story, else I would have narrated many more of the strange and interesting events that befell our adventurers during that voyage. But enough has been written to give some idea of what is done and suffered by those daring men who attempt to navigate the polar seas. The End.