 Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, please take a seat, please take a seat. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the SEI Science Forum 2016. It's a great pleasure to have you all with us today. This is actually the third day of SEI's discussions around the future directions of our research. We've got a very exciting, few packed few hours ahead of us. My name is Rob Watt. I'm SEI's director of communications. I'm going to say a few words of introduction before I hand over to our opening speaker. I want to pose a couple of questions. Why has science got a role to play when it comes to implementing the sustainable development goals? What role does an organisation like Stockholm Environment Institute have? To answer those, I'd like to take you back to what I think we might call almost the dawn of modern science, at least modern western science, and tell you about a man called Robert Hook. Robert Hook lived in the mid 17th century in the UK. He was a scientist, he was a builder of technical instruments and he was one of the first people to really perfect microscopes. He ended up drawing this image. It's a flea, but this was no ordinary flea. This was quite literally the first time that most people had ever seen something this small in so much detail. I think that it's a way of illustrating why science does have such an important role to play in making sense of the world around us. Robert Hook came up with a wonderful quote, which is from his book, Micrographia, in which you find this flea. He said that to be a good scientist, you need to have a sincere hand and a faithful eye. You needed to have the objectivity, the transparency and the honesty to examine and to reflect and to analyse what's around us. And certainly I think that that's a role that science has when it comes to sustainable development goals. In a sense what we're talking about is making the invisible visible. We can go even further back in time actually to this guy, Aristotle. I want to give you a quote because I think it's something that certainly SEI feels strongly about, that it's not enough just to know more, to have more research and more facts. We actually have to be able to apply them, and I'm going to read a quote from Aristotle here. It is not the knowledge that is essential. Our aim is not to know what courage is, but to be courageous. Not to know what justice is, but to be just. It is not enough to know about sustainability to define it, to understand its interactions. We have to live sustainably. And I think that that journey from knowledge to action is where SEI has a crucial role to play. Aristotle used a word called, which basically means the good life, eudaimonia. And I think that the sustainable development goals are really about trying to get eudaimonia for everybody. And in doing so that does mean taking knowledge and putting it into practice and that's where we can certainly have a role to play. And I want to bring it back to our friend Robert Hook, who I started talking about. Hook is most well-known for Hook's law. It's the law of tension. This is a spring. You might not be able to see this very clearly, but this is a spring. So he defined the law of tension here. And our first session is going to be about interlinkages and tensions. I think a spring is a sort of good example of that, where you can see that things are connected, but they may be actually in tension. They may be pulling against each other. They may be snapping shut. But I think that one thing that certainly SEI tries to do is then understand how we can activate those springs. Like that. So without further ado, I'd like to invite Astrid Serdabadvidding onto the stage. Astrid is the Vice-Chancellor of Stockholm University and a board member of SEI. Welcome, Astrid. Minister, distinguished colleagues, dear friends. It is an honour and a great pleasure for me today to have been asked to deliver this opening address at the fifth annual SEI Science Forum. As member of the Board of SEI, I'm really pleased and proud of the great interest for today's event. I think it's quite impressive that the forum is fully booked and also happy about the broad range of participants. From policy makers to NGOs, from academia to media. As Vice-Chancellor of Stockholm University, I'm equally proud to count SEI among our strategic partners and happy about our close collaboration. From our partly different points of view or rather different points of departure, we share the common concern about the challenge of how to best implement the Agenda 2030 policy project. Trying, sorry, the agenda. At Stockholm University, I have initiated an agenda 2030 policy project. Trying both to describe what we already do to implement the agenda and to outline the way forward. Across the disciplinary boundaries that are often so often supposed to create obstacles at our universities. And we are very happy to join forces with SEI in this. In today's first session, we will be focusing on the implementation of the 2030 agenda, particularly in highlighting the interlinkages between the different SDGs. In the second session, which will be further introduced by SEI Research Director, Mons Nilsson, policy coherence will be put forward as one of the tools for meeting the challenge. It is important to identify where policy coherence and alignment is needed. And it is equally important to identify who does what when, which will be addressed in today's final panel discussion involving representatives from politics, policy and business. But first things first. It is a pleasure indeed to welcome Herr Bolund, Minister for Financial Markets and Consumer Affairs, as our keynote speaker today. We are really looking forward to your talk. The three short presentations by SEI researchers that will follow will focus on the interlinkages between SDGs. This in turn might mean many different things, either attractions or tensions, trade-off effects or synergies. Each presentation will take a different perspective on interlinkages, climate change, land water and energy and sustainable lifestyles. The moderated discussion ending the first session between Director-General of SIDA Charlotte Petsigornitska and CEO of Scania, Henry Kenrickson, will focus on defining the challenges for implementing the SDGs. When we talk about these challenges and about how to address them, however, I think we often do so with certain specific preconceptions. I have good reasons to believe that most people tend to approach sustainability from economic, social or ecological evidence. This forum indeed contains plenty of research from the natural social sciences that can be brought to bear on sustainable development, and this of course is of utmost importance. But if we are to actually achieve the sustainable development goals, I also believe that we profoundly need to rethink and reframe our ways of life. In order to do so, we need to equally engage with arts and humanities, which much too often still remains the blind spot when addressing societal challenges, completely disregarded or regarded only as a decorative detail which may come in as an addendum to the real thing. With my own background from cinema studies and aesthetics, I can't help thinking that this is totally wrong. Language, philosophy and history, literature, film, music and art all have bearings upon and potential intersections with the question of sustainability. Arts and humanities have a crucial role to play in order to achieve the goals. The language in which we express ourselves about sustainability does matter and does make a difference. Research on everyday use of language offers useful insights in how to avoid rhetorical traps, how to spread knowledge about the goals, how to find ways to actually achieve sustainability. Philosophical and ethical perspectives are crucial whether we talk about decent work and economic growth, of responsible consumption and production or of peace, justice and strong institutions. In history as academic discipline, storytelling has become a recognized method not least within contemporary history and storytelling definitely plays an important role within the work on sustainable development goals. I know that not least SCI has used storytelling as a means of communicating research, which indeed is very efficient and in itself science-based. Aesthetic disciplines, just like the fine arts themselves, all address the questions of how to communicate in other ways than through official UN documents or governmental bureaucratic procedures. They have the know-how and the capacity of reaching out by other means, not least through the senses in order both to create new knowledge and to convince mostly individually but sometimes also institutionally. Lenin in his time claimed that film was the most important art as it had the capacity to reach out to the masses. A documentary film like Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth may have been much contested and criticized, but nevertheless it played a crucial role in putting the questions on the agenda for a large audience. Many advertising films for Agenda 2030 also seem to share this Leninist conviction in the different ways of addressing the SDGs through cinematography. The span of these ads is wide from very emotional films to films rather focusing on hardcore statistics. It's also interesting to note that sustainability today has become an issue in advertising more broadly. Large companies, for example Volvo or H&M, have that specific agenda for sustainability, which also appear in their commercials reaching out to millions of viewers on YouTube. But we also need a more nuanced analysis of these different expressions of how they actually work in practice. Are they efficient or can they sometimes hinder? We also need cooperative projects bridging science and art like the Anthropocene project at the Royal Dramatic Theatre where environmental researchers from HCI and Stockholm University among others have cooperated with theatre professionals to create new projects addressing environmental problems and solutions in new ways on stage, thus also reaching out to new audiences. Sometimes arts and humanities are able to offer sharp answers, whereas at other times also depending on the questions asked, the answers may be more interpretive rather opening for new additional questions. But like hard science, there are means of analysing what is around us, as Rob said. But in both cases they do provide an important lens for anybody wanting to address the SDG issue through which to interrogate and create a sense of why we have such unsustainable trends, why they are so intractable and how we might make a change, both individually and collectively. In addressing issues of sustainability, we need to document the present, whether we praise it or we point to its failures, and we need to analyse the results of this documentation. We also need to continue our work of imagining new futures but based on solid scientific knowledge. This is of course already taking place, but I believe that we need to enhance the communication between different scientific areas and increase the awareness of the importance of arts and humanities in order to realise not least the 17th goal of partnerships for the goals. Why is that? Because arts and humanities are absolutely crucial if we are to change our course, reaching out for real for sustainable development. Together with natural and social sciences and many others, I'm convinced that we will be able to make it in the end. Thank you. I'm very much asted for that inspiring and opening up and perhaps for challenging us to think a little differently about what really matters when it comes to the SDGs and their implementation. I'm very proud now to welcome on to stage Peir Balland, Minister for Financial Markets and Consumer Affairs. Welcome Minister, thank you very much for taking the time to be here. Let me hand you this equipment as well. The equipment, thank you. It's like the torch that will lead us into the Olympic Games or something. Thank you very, very much. Thank you so much for allowing me the chance to come here and to speak to you. It feels like a very great privilege, of course, to be speaking to such a knowledgeable audience, with such international connections and so much information. I will try to stay out of the science and leave that to you and talk more about politics and what we can do in order to actually change the world and make the future prospects much better for us all on an international level. I actually used to come from science before I entered into politics, so I was a research student and research fellow at Stockholm University and we were actually located together with SEI, so I feel like a part of the SEI family, although now a bit apart from you, can return later when my pause from academia has ended and I can come back to the real line of work that I should be occupied with. But I feel that coming from science, I'm a biologist by education. I feel like I also can actually contribute with some knowledge and some ideas and some new views that perhaps is also needed in politics. For example, the connection between economy and sustainability and environmental issues, which is very much part of the agenda 2030, of course. At the moment, I feel like I'm in the right spot, but hopefully I can also come back to work perhaps together with SEI in the future as well. Of course, I would very much like to congratulate you on the very important work that you do and also being a very big part of the development that we now see on the international level. I would really like to extend a thank you to all of you who have been part of developing the knowledge and the basis for the agenda 2030. Because, of course, without science and without the important work that you have done, none of this would have happened. We wouldn't have been where we are at the moment. We wouldn't have found the courage as politicians to actually make the decisions in September if we didn't have the knowledge and the information that you provided us with, both on the importance of moving ahead when it comes to both environmental and social issues, but also giving us confidence that this is not something that will affect the economy negatively and will impose restrictions on our economic development, rather the opposite. So that was really very, very important work that was done. Of course, as you are very well aware of, 2015 was an extraordinary year where we didn't have just one international conference, but actually three international conferences and that were all leading towards a very much more hopeful future for us all, starting with the International Conference on Financing for Development in Adiz Alba in the last summer, where I actually was leading the Swedish delegation and where I'm very happy that we also succeeded in providing a framework where the world's countries together could see that we can together finance the development. We can make the assets necessary to actually move forward on an international sustainable development ready and we can see that we can together also find the economy and the resources needed to actually start investing and start doing the necessary steps. So that was really important. Of course, we've seen previously that the lack of trust between the developing world and the developed world has been an obstacle that has been very, very hard to come over in previous communications and conferences, so I believe that that was a very, very important step leading up to the conferences in New York and then in Paris in December as well. Of course, the Agenda 2030 that was adopted in New York in September was, in my view, a really revolutionary step forward that really has changed the way that we together look at the world and the development and where we have really shown and seen and working together in order to get a better and more prosperous world for us all is a much, much better way to work than trying to just get higher access for ourselves for the world's resources and that in the world that we are in at the moment with the challenges we're facing without cooperation, none of us will actually get to the future we want and we will all lose out. So in my view, the Agenda 2030 really is what gives me great hope and encourages me to continue working at the national and also at the international level in actually taking the steps towards not just walk the walk, talk the talk, but also walk the walk and implement these strategies into Swedish legislation for example and also the European level. So this was a really, really important step forward and you've seen this before but repetition is the mother of knowledge so let's keep it there for a while. It's really important that we learn to actually see these goals all together and to also find a way to communicate around them. Of course, 17 goals is quite a lot and that can make it hard to have a functioning communication around this quite massive framework but it's important to see that all of these goals are really necessary pieces of the puzzle in order to get to the sustainable future that we really want. So it is a comprehensive plan of action and from the Swedish government side it's really important to say that all of these goals are necessary parts of the agreement and of the map forward and you can't just pick one of them and say that this is more important than the other or that this is a goal that we won't take seriously in Sweden but we have to work with all of them at the national and at the international level. So what I think is really also revolutionary and it really changes the way we look at development on the national and international scale is that we now have a framework that combines the two aspects of sustainability or three if you want, both the social side and the environmental side. In my view it's previously been much too much of different containers where parts of the scientific and political community has spoken about sustainability from the social side and other parts have spoken about it from the environmental side but now we really see that these two are integrated and we can't solve one without the other. We have to work with both these sides at the same time and the agenda 2030 is really a very good example of how you can implement them together and see that we actually, when we work with social sustainability we can also strengthen the work on environmental sustainability and the other way around. So this is a really, really important step forward. Of course another change when you compare it with the millennium goals is that this is really a homework that is for all countries of the world. The millennium goals were mostly directed towards developing nations. Of course really important goals that were set up and I'm very happy that the world could at least approach and we could reach some of the goals and work and come quite far in other parts of the goals. So I think that that also set the stage for moving ahead with truly global and international agenda like at the end of 2030. But this work is really for us all. No country can say that this doesn't affect us. We don't have our homework to do. But we also have to work at the national level in Sweden to really make this happen. It is a very, very comprehensive framework. 17 goals and if you look further in you have 169 targets around these goals and they really are an integral whole that you have to work with all of these at the same time. And from the Swedish perspective we've really set this very, very high on the agenda. We believe that this is one of our most important tasks that we have in the coming years and in the coming decades. And we stayed already in the budget bill for 2016 that was adopted this fall that the government will give priority to implementing the new sustainability goals. So this is really a very, very important task and many of the ministers, not to say all ministers, are very, very involved in this development and take this very, very seriously from our different portfolios. So we all have our different parts that we are, of course, especially interested in. But we also have ministers that have a common interest and also responsibility for the whole of the agenda 2030. And the Minister for Public Administration, Adnan Shikharabi, is responsible for the national implementation in Sweden. And the Minister for International Development Corporation, Isabella Levine, is responsible for the coordination of the international level and the international implementation of the agenda. And we also have the Minister for Strategic Development and Nordic Cooperation, Kristina Pashon, who is responsible for strategic actions and the larger steps that will have to be taken with the government, but together with other actors in Sweden as well. So I'm happy to say that we're moving quite fast in implementing the agenda in Sweden, and I believe that we have come far when you compare to other countries. And I think that this is also very, very important because we can't just be satisfied with having signed the agreement. That's just the first minor step is the implementation and taking action in the real world that really makes a difference. So one of the reasons why we are very eager and very active in implementing the agenda in Swedish legislation and Swedish politics is that we believe that action really speaks louder than words. We have the words, we have the targets, we have the agenda, but now we have to show that they really mean something, that we really take this seriously. And it's easy to remember that we've had international conferences and agreements that were very, very amazing on the paper, but that actually weren't really implemented on a global scale. So this is something behind us. Now it's really time to also make this happen, and if countries like Sweden won't show that we are ready to do what is necessary, we can't really expect others to do the same. So we have to really take action to show that we mean what we have signed around the agenda 2030. Another reason why we take this very seriously and why we see it as a very important step is because we think that the agenda 2030 is also the recipe for our society to develop in a positive way and for our economy to blossom in the future. Just continuing with some sort of business as usual will not deliver sustainable and strong economy in the future. We have to work in different ways, and the agenda 2030 is really the map for us to also deliver economic means for the citizens of Sweden. For example, we know that reduced inequality, which is goal number 10, is a very strong driver of economic growth. We know that from science, we know that from international actors such as the International Monetary Fund for example. We also know that the environmental agenda that really sets very high targets for us to reach, that requires of us to do massive investments to move away from fossil fuel use in transport, for example it requires us to start investing in electricity charging for electric vehicles in development of large-scale biofuels plants all around Sweden and of course investments in rail and public transport infrastructure. Also in 100% renewable energy system, which is the goal of the Swedish government. Of course, this is a development that requires huge investments in the coming years and decades. Of course, these investments also are a driver of economic growth. If we want a strong economy in the future I would say that implementing the Agenda 2030 as fast and as thoroughly as possible is really a very, very good way forward. So how are we then going to work with the implementation? We've started running so to speak and have already made some progress when it comes to the strategy and the way to implement these different goals and the Agenda 2030 as a whole. So we've presented a delegation which aims to promote and to also facilitate and stimulate the work of implementing the Agenda. We know that these measures cannot just be done on the government side at a national level. We have to work both internationally with many of the aspects of the Agenda, but also on a very local level. So we have to get the local actors involved and using their commitment in this work as well. So they've started the delegation has started to start a survey and an assessment of the extent to which Sweden fulfills the goals, how far have it come so far and what is necessary to do in the future. What is the action plan for the implementation in Sweden? What measures need to be taken in the short term and in the long term? We also have given the delegation an assignment to look at the best practices that is really available around Sweden and also internationally. Where can we find the actors that have really shown that it's possible to do a make a difference and to find the measures that are the most fruitful to actually make the agenda happen. So we believe that is a very good way to move forward to find the actors that have really found the solutions, found the keys. And that's also part of the delegation's work. And they will work both of course with the national and local and the international implementation of the agenda. The delegation will also further anchor the agenda within Swedish society and with different actors in Swedish society and also in cooperation on a global scale. And of course starting a broad dialogue around this development and a discussion with other actors in society is a very, very important part of making the agenda happen. We know that of course the public sector government and the local municipalities have a very, very strong part of play but it's also very obvious that we won't make it on our own. We have to get the business community and the civil society behind the agenda if we are to succeed in the implementation. So that is really also part of the work that the delegation will do. So we have also set of course aside money for the delegation funds for them to work with. So they have both money for the salaries and the work in the delegation but we also have set aside money for the implementation on a local level and to fund local activities and to see that it's not an economic issue. It's not the lack of funding that should be the bottleneck that stops the development. So I think that's really important as well. I was part of the previous approach that is similar to this, the Agenda 21. I was quite young at the moment and a young student so I was working at a very, very local level with different projects in my neighbourhood and I was really encouraged by the international decisions and the development that was coming and I saw this as very fruitful. But we all know that the Agenda 21 didn't deliver, it didn't really happen and in my view that was partly because at least in Sweden on the national side we didn't have the focus and the energy and the commitment to actually making this happen. I saw that at the local level, there was a lot of commitment and a lot of projects being started but there was no one there to catch all this and make it happen on a national scale and that is a mistake that we will not repeat we will see to it that we have a framework to really catch all these activities and connect them together and see that this provides us with a national framework for implementation and also hopefully to strengthen those to the international community that we take this most seriously. Of course the government agencies will also be responsible for their different parts and all ministers in the government will have their parts and I would like to really go into focus and look at for example from my own perspective one of the goals that I will work very hard on is of course goal number 12 which is on sustainable consumption and production since I'm the minister of consumer affairs in Sweden I see that this is a very important part of making the agenda happen so we are taking the agenda forward on the Swedish perspective by introducing national strategy for sustainable consumption it's easy to see that looking for example from the climate side and just measuring the impact in Sweden and the emissions we emit here within our borders we've actually managed to decrease the emissions by about a quarter and at the same time since 1990 have an economic growth of about 66% so you could say we've decoupled emissions from economic development but when you look at it from the consumer side it's really another story and we've actually increased the emissions on a global scale by our consumption so obviously we have a very very hard homework to do here to make our consumption more sustainable from both social and environmental standpoint and that's why we're working very very hard with an agenda, a toolbox strategy for sustainable consumption we know that the consumers are really there, they're committed they're changing their behaviors at the moment buying more and more eco-labeled organic food also fair trade products for example so our work is very much to make it easier for them to really make an even stronger impact in the future so this agenda, the strategy will be delivered in the budget bill for next year whether we'll be adopted in late fall this year so we're very very much into the work at the moment we're working with general measures such as guidance and information we know that if the consumers are provided with the right kind of information the right knowledge they really do use that in order to make strong impact commitment of course environmental labeling is one very very good way to make the information easily available to make the choice easy for the consumers we work with education of course if we can get these thoughts into the education system and get the young generation to work with sustainable consumption that really can make a difference both in the families and how they develop their consumer behavior but also of course for a long time spent ahead we're working with lifestyle issues such things as what provides us with status we know that it's becoming actually at least in Sweden the social problem that consumption is so heavy and our homes are being filled with all these products that we buy and actually self-storage is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in Sweden at the moment and that really shows that we have a problem we have too much stuff so for example the sharing economy I think is both a solution to social problems in Sweden both having too much stuff at home but also connecting people with each other and finding new social networks developing at a very rapid scale and of course also decreasing our environmental impact at the same time and of course the financial sector we are all also financial actors and we can make a big difference by making our savings work in the right direction and decreasing the fossil fuel dependence for example so that is also a really very important aspect so of course we're also working with the most important areas of consumption from a sustainability side and we know that it's the housing, food and transport the car the condo and the cow you could say is of course three major areas that we have to work with and we're trying to find ways to actually make it easier for the consumer to act in these areas providing public transport and cycling we are funding from the government side investments into sustainable infrastructure at the local level and then we demand from the local level that they have a plan how to decrease the emissions and to improve conditions for walking and cycling for example in the local municipalities we are also working with a food strategy on the national side how can we decrease long transportation of foods on a global scale and start using the local assets instead how can we implement for example encourage people to decrease their footprints by increasing their vegetable food intake instead of eating a lot of red meat that we know also have negative health effects so that is something we're working on when it comes to the food sector and also of course the housing sector where we are encouraging building energy efficient houses we have a strong lack of housing so when we build we should build energy efficient housing but also refurbishment and well rebuilding the buildings that we have today and making them much more energy efficient at the same time so there are some key aspects of the strategy for sustainable consumption and I believe that consumption is also one of the very very important areas that we have to work with in order to get the agenda 2030 to get going and get it implemented on a national but also on an international level so just to give you a sample an idea of how we try to work with the agenda 2030 also within the portfolios of ministries such as myself so I believe that Sweden has a lot to win by moving ahead by being the first country to really start working on the agenda 2030 and really implementing it ahead of the international community as a whole and the first thing we have to win is that we can really set an example showing that it's not just beneficial for the whole of the world but also for each country and the citizens in our country as well and also of course for the development of our own national economy and the sustainable development of our society which is of course part of our responsibility as a government to also provide a good future for our citizens and the people that actually elected us so I think that this is really a very very important and interesting time to be in politics and I believe that we have a new world after 2015 we have a common map for the sustainable development of our planet and of course now our focus is very much on a rapid and thorough implementation of the agenda 2030 into Swedish politics and legislation thank you very much thank you very much minister Bolen oh yes we have a little if I forget a small gift to thank you for your your engagement and your time here today so thank you very much for that I think that it's an extraordinarily ambitious framework that we're working with but also the response of being a first mover is also presents a lot of challenges and what we're going to move on to now is a series of presentations that I think are going to explore not only where those challenges exist but also how we might be able to solve them not least actually looking at sustainable lifestyles perhaps backing up some of the things that you've been saying with some solutions that we'll see whether they can be scaled up and implemented thank you very much thank you so much so I'm now going to hand over my moderation role to my colleague Niall Niall O'Connor welcome Niall to the stage Niall is a relatively new member of the DCI team so this is a great opportunity for you to be exposed to some of our key stakeholders and they can get to know you a bit more so I leave the stage to you thank you very much is this microphone working? it is yes I've been kind of asked just to give a little story bringing together some of the critical SDGs so rather than going into the science and the detail which I know the next colleagues are going to detail I just said I'd give a small story to see the interlinkages we've obviously been looking at the three here which are climate change, land water energy and sustainable livelihoods so as you said I just took over in SEI recently two months ago and moved to Bangkok now I was sure I knew where I was going somewhere in Asia I didn't realise it was here now you might think that's a bit wrong geography is a little bit out but in regards to climate change this is where Bangkok is it is extremely hot at the moment we've also seen that over the last kind of a few months we've had the hottest April ever which was followed by the hottest March ever which followed the hottest February ever and we've seen that global climate has gone up by 1.1 degrees warmer in April now than in the period 1950 to 1980 so really where Bangkok is is probably just about correct it's too hot so what we then tried to look at is what would it take a normal day for me and how does this impact on all of these different SEGs and how do we know that they're interlinked well I'll just go through one day of going to work this is the weather forecast in the morning it's 99 degrees which is around 40 degrees centigrade it's hot there's an unusual wind chill factor of 124 which is even hotter so what do we do we have a little bit of local adaptation we go through moulds we try to avoid going into the heat at all so you get from the coal train into a nice mould and it's nice and air conditioned so you get into your office without getting burnt but this is unusual the moulds if you look at them the size of these moulds are massive the consumption of energy in these are huge and there's one mould in particular in Bangkok that consumes as much power as one province in northern Bangkok this is not sustainable so what do they do they build more dams so the Mekong river now has got 20 maybe 30 dams probably another 16 planned to produce more energy and that's okay we got our energy for solving that problem that is that with ongoing climate change that's happening we're seeing rainfall patterns change we've had a massive drought for the last number of months there the water levels are dropping in efficiency in the dams so one problem follows another so with that we say also the drop in the water means that there's less water for irrigation less water for irrigation means less agricultural productivity less agricultural productivity means there's more insecurity for food production so each one is having a knock on impact and all of these sg's together as a whole we're going to cause a problem for another one unless we can stop and think a little bit so to make it all work um oh somebody changed my slide to make it all work we need to make sure that we're speaking the same language and unfortunately there's a youtube clip here that we can't play at the moment but essentially it's about understanding languages and there's an Irish fishing ship in trouble off the coast of Germany and he's going mayday mayday we need your help we are sinking we are sinking and the German coast guard is going what are you thinking about so we want to make sure that when it comes to the sdg's we link them all together we understand what they are and we don't just work independently in groups we want to bring them all together as much as possible so going back to this we want to try now introduce a number of very key scientists to help us to understand the linkages between some of these I don't want to kind of raise the challenges too high but I think there is great potential for them to do so and I have a lot of hope in them but also just for myself I think hope if people begin to awaken the spiritual part of themselves that heartfelt knowledge that we are caretakers of the planet and the scientists that are about to follow hopefully will give us clear understandings of how we bring together the sdg's how we bring the science to play and how we solve some of these problems so without further ado can I please call the first scientist to stage Miss Hannah Wanjirw from Kenya who is a research associate at SEI and Mr Richard Klein senior research fellow and just to note that Richard has just won last week in the adaptation futures conference an award for outstanding contributions to adaptation science so congratulations on that and welcome to the stage thank you very much now from Stockholm city I'm going to take you to a village in the home of Africa 1,000 km from Nairobi Kenya capital that's where you find a Mandera county Mandera county is one of the areas hardest hit by the impacts of climate change it's actually neighbor Somaria so the issue about insecurities are there these are rathscape the people who live here depend on livestock and their pastoral is in nature so the rathscape is quite dry is quite fragile and the people who live here and the rathscape are the one who feel and understand the impacts of climate change during the dry spell is a common practice that men will go out with a livestock to look for green pastures if at all they are there sometimes they end up getting some very dry or brown pastures for their livestock then women are left at home because they are part of their children and they are also left with some of the few livestock especially the camel and also lactating animals camel is a very important animal to them because it provides transport and also is a source of milk which is a very scarce commodity in this area back in 2013 I was involved in a study where we were doing a reverie hood mapping for most of the arid areas in Kenya and we found that out of the milk that they produced there were five villages that were sampled we had sampled only that percent of the milk that was produced in this area got into the market so what were the challenges in this area first of all there was a poor handling of this milk especially by the women and also by the other people who were milking the cows the other issue was about the marketing skill there was inadequate marketing skill by these people who are handling the milk the other issue is in terms of infrastructure because they had to travel a distance of about 20 to 30 km just to take 5 or 10 litres of milk to the market the other issue that was the problem this area is too hot we are talking about temperatures of around 38 to 40 degrees Celsius so the milk would go bad before they even get to the market so what was the intervention that took place this was an initiative that was supported by DFID UK and these women were brought together they were 50 women group they were brought together and they were trained on marketing skills how they can even make some value addition how they can have value addition skills like even making yogurt and bringing them together because each group had about 15 to 20 members so at least it was made sure that they can bring their milk together and not everyone have to travel all the way and take the milk there the other initiative the other activity that took place these women were shown how they can preserve their milk starting from a household level so because only source they have we have the file so they were shown how they can boil their milk at a household level then at a group level out of the 50 groups so in each and every group they were shown how they can pasteurize their milk using very traditional local innovation and they were also provided with some of the aluminum cans so that they can be able to bring their milk together they were also at the groups when they were brought together then they were also supported with the milk shed this where they can go and sell their milk during the day it was not enough because they were also provided with some milk cooling units so they were provided with some refrigerators and this one was done in Mandera Town in the town so they were able to do some business so this one of the shop where they had the cooling units and out of that initiative they were able to sell their milk and also to do some value addition activities so they were able to continue selling the milk during the day for a few days because it was not going bad because at least they can access energy so this one of the this one of the small initiative is a decentralizing nature how we can help the vulnerable communities gain some marketing skill so that they can be able to adopt the effects of climate change in Kenya we have in Kenya we have the national climate change plan that's one of the document we are implementing so that we can be able to handle the impacts of climate change since the project was done in 2013 it closed down but now the county government of Mandera have taken up this initiative and it's a very strong element in the livestock promotion strategy of this county and also other five counties have taken up this initiative in this particular area where the initiative has started 300 people who are benefiting from this initiative and so far 5,000 women groups have been trained on this this initiative clearly links us to a number of SDGs SDG 1.5 especially on how we can help people in the extreme condition how they can be able to make them raise vulnerable SDG 2 where we look at timely access to market information because through training these women they have a bit of marketing information and they can make some money out of the milk they are selling SDG 5 on women empowerment and also SDG 7 because they were able to access energy they have the milk pudding plant this is an initiative helping them to make them raise vulnerable also it links us to climate change SDG 13 because we are talking about how this initiative can be linked to the national strategies we have the national climate change action plan as a national document and we really hope with SDGs coming on board as a country we will be able to integrate this with our national agenda we call it our vision 2030 and also how this can be integrated with the regional agenda this is an agenda with the African Union we call it agenda 2063 so we hope with all these three coming together that we will be able to address the issues of climate change as a country thank you Thanks Hannah and you showed that of the many stresses and pressures that the women in the north of Kenya already facing heats one of them and the next slide is not showing an optimistic picture this is a fairly recent visualisation of past temperatures it looks different from what you might be used to rising temperatures are normally shown as a graph that goes upwards this is a spiral that sort of a circle that spirals out of control in the circle you've got the inner circle is temperatures in the late 19th century baseline and you can see over time and it starts again that it gets warmer and warmer every month and as Nile said last seven months in fact were the warmest ones globally ever recorded the 1.5 degree goal is something that has reached the political and public imagination somewhat by surprise for a long time two degrees was set as the target to aim for in the climate negotiations in Paris one of the many conferences that took place the Paris agreement does mention that the aim is to hold the increase in global average temperature to well below two degrees above pre-industrial levels but it also says that we should pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels this was after a lot of pressure from particularly the small island development states developed countries who are already facing the impacts of climate change and are realizing that two degrees is actually already making things quite dangerous for them and this was further substantiated in recent research in the journal Earth System Dynamics where for a number of different sectors the researchers show that half a degree already makes a big difference when judging how different parts of the world will feel the effects of climate change in crop production, in sea level rise in urban heat stress and other sectors now what does that mean in terms of emission reductions if we if two degrees isn't ambitious enough and we were actually to go for a 1.5 emission trajectory that's the bottom line on this slide the blue one that actually goes through the axis there the black dots are where we are going at the moment and if we were to follow that trajectory the red line we would end up with a global average temperature increase of around 5 degrees by the end of the century trying to to bend the curve to the blue one would require a major effort almost immediately the next slide shows what that would mean in terms of the time that we have to use up the carbon budget there's a slightly complicated slide but it shows for a 1.5 or 2 and a 3 degree scenario and with different likelihoods what time we have to keep going as we are going now with our emissions and then decarbonise immediately and if we were to be 66% certain that we stick to the 1.5 the retarget we only have 6 in fact 5 years because this graph is a year old 5 years and then we'll have to decarbonise completely so that is quite a challenge and it's for us not the only challenge that we are facing one of the ways that we could reduce emissions quite drastically is by investing large scale in biofuels and then also to capture the CO2 that comes out of combustion of biofuels and capture that in the ground clearly there is a conflict there between food and fuel as illustrated here there are other challenges climate change is not the only challenge in many urban centres around the world climate pollution air pollution is a more immediate threat and this is an article arguing that maybe we shouldn't be worried too much about climate change but focus more on air pollution so the question there really is is it necessary to see climate change and addressing other priorities as a conflict are conflicts unavoidable and this is where some of the work of SCI and of course partners comes in it's not an easy path to navigate but maybe there is a way out by creating solutions that have multiple benefits that address more than one of the sustainable development goals I'll just give two short examples one is of a new project funded by the European Commission that involves SCI and a number of other partners within Europe that tries to develop and apply a framework that looks at the risks not only of climate change but also of fairly drastic climate action what are the risks associated with trying to achieve a 2 degree or a 1.5 degree pathway I won't go into much detail I'll just say that SCI is responsible for three case studies in this project one in Sweden that looks at energy supply and technologies for road freight and I understand that the CEO Skania is here so that's a very relevant case study there one in Indonesia that looks at the sustainability and climate resilience of biofuels from crop waste and residues and then one in Kenya where we're looking at geothermal energy and the sustainability of charcoal now looking at these case studies not only through a climate lens but through a broader development lens will hopefully open up opportunities to create those win-win situations very briefly a final example very recently of how we're not only through research but also through communication trying to raise awareness of the opportunity to create those co-benefits this is a recent post Johan K1 our policy director in York and two other colleagues from SCI wrote a blog that demonstrated the importance of distinguishing between the long-term climate effect as a result of CO2 and the short-term climate effect as a result of methane and other short-lived climate pollutants and it's not only about the importance of avoiding warming in the short-term but also the benefits that you would get by reducing air pollution crop losses as a result of methane and ozone production I won't go into detail here but I just want to demonstrate that we don't necessarily have to think in terms of conflicts between climate and development there are win-win opportunities and with partners we'll hope to demonstrate more of those in the future thank you thank you very much Richard and Hannah for that a little bit of understanding of local to global issues without further ado I want to keep on time with people so can we ask Jacob Granat from the centre director from Stockholm along with Marissa Escobar as a senior scientist for the second presentation thank you so much Neil and what we wanted to do in this session was to look at land, water and food ecosystem connections and I just simply wanted to introduce a little bit of work that we've been doing with the global environment facility to look at the connections between science and policy and governance frameworks now the starting point for this is to see how can we use the SDG framework to look at a big big topic of of water resources we are seeing clearly now that the global water commons are on the major threat globally and this is clearly seen in the freshwater systems that are due to major development upstream economic development face severe pressures and according to evidence about as much as 80% of the world population face some form of water stress in the systems now the impacts of that we can clearly see comes as water release nutrients into our coastal zones and ecosystems and we see dead zones developing along the coastal zones a clear evidence of that is also around here in the Baltic Sea region and this is exponentially increasing over time these dead zones that have an impact on coastal fisheries and have an impact on tourism and developing in the coastal zones now not only that the final is all the way up into the open oceans and in the open oceans we see clearly now that no marine area globally is not suffering from these impacts and one asperodesis of course ocean acidification which is part of the global climate change problem as carbon dioxide is taking up in the water systems now this is of course illustrates a huge challenge but what can we then do how can we try to address this in a different way now what we have been doing we have been looking at the evidence in a lot of products across the globe and how we try to address them from a governance and management perspective and clearly as we have heard before we work very much in silos so the idea here is can we connect the silo thinking from land resource systems that we are working into the freshwater systems down to the estrus and deltas coastline adjoining sea and into the open oceans we don't simply have that type of framework today but as you can see here on the slide we see how we have some key flows that are connecting these different segments water flows sediment flows pollutants different form pollutants biota and material flow because of our major development in cities and along the coastal zones we are also coming back a whole set of very positive ecosystem services like flood and drought control like freshwater energy of course you saw the hydropower dams so now can we find ways of linking that and that's what our research has been looking at and we have developed some theory of change on that but just to see the connections because the agenda 30 here is really something that can help in this overwatching of course the fighting the poverty issue and climate change as we've seen before but we can also use the systems the SDG to look at these different segments terrestrial ecosystems water and sanitation for all modern energy resilient infrastructure and the cities of course they all link to this source to sea flow and sustainable use of the oceans seas and marine resources now as you can see unfortunately the SDG framework did not use the source to sea system but yet anyhow we can use it in order to identify what type of governance and management approaches could be realistic as we move forward and to illustrate that I hand over to my colleague Marisa who will be case study from Colombia so let me take you to Colombia and in particular to the Magdalena base in the map you can see the river that goes from the Andes north and to the Caribbean sea and the person in this image Juan, I don't know Juan in person but I have met people like him in Colombia who live in the lower part of the Magdalena and whose livelihood depends on the fish that are in this rich ecosystem of connected wetlands that have variable flows and seasonal flows that are the ecosystem in which this fish live that are also the livelihood for Juan although these fish are not in the most pristine condition already because there are some levels of development Juan's livelihood still depends on that and let's go to another place of Colombia to the mountains where Rubiela whom I do know because she's my aunt she lives in this little town in the mountains that recently has experienced a tourism boom in this charming architecture and colonial setting and Rubiela is benefitting from this boom because she can rent the rooms in her house for this tourist but for this business to be steady she needs reliable water and energy supply well as you can see Juan and Rubiela probably live in very different worlds but they are connected through this system they live in the same basin in different places of this basin which happens to be the most important basin in Colombia is the Magdalena watershed as I explained it goes from the Andes north to the Caribbean 1500 kilometers of length is where 60% of the Colombia population is located 30 million people the cities of Bogota Medellin are also located here and it's also where 70% of Colombians hydro power happens which is and Colombians electricity comes 30% from hydro power so it's a very important basin and in years like El Niño 2016 the scarcity is spread out and of course the talks for improving hydro power are more pressing and you can see the white triangles in the map show where all the new hydro power development is planned and of course hydro power is going to have other effects land impacts and more energy for more development so in order to understand these trade-offs we gather the best information available and we build a tool a model to understand what can be the effects of this hydro power development in the lower parts in the Montpau's depression where Juan leaves and how can that affect the flows that are important for this ecosystem and in this image you can see the change in flow with only 5% increase in this regulation of the hydro power and you can see that the effect is not too big and that perhaps with this scenario Juan probably can still have good ecosystem for the fish but perhaps Ruviela cannot get her steady energy with the same tool we build now a more aggressive scenario where we can have a more regulated system with all the hydro power the triangles now here put in place and of course the regulation is much worse we have the red line which shows a higher regulation a higher change of flow above all what's happening here is because we have this dam these dams for hydro power that are continuously releasing water we have sort of like a artificially constantly flooded area in the lower part of the Magdalena which affects the flows that are necessary for the ecosystem we need the low flows as well this variability in the flooring so we can have protection and the necessary conditions for the early life stages of the fish so in this case perhaps Ruviela can get her energy but Juan will be a greater effect on the fish so with this simple example and not showing all the results you can see how using these kinds of tools we can understand better the trade-offs and also quantify those trade-offs which is very important so we can start linking the effects of these SDGs proposals and weigh the trade-offs between this linked water energy food ecosystem continuum so we can perhaps find solutions that are better for all and hopefully integrated solutions for Juan and Ruviela thank you Marissa and Jacob I'm just trying to think of me taking that air-condition train and the air-condition mall and the problems I'm causing I'm seeing that you as a scientist are solving those problems for me so thank you and come to Bangkok and help me out so for the last part of this we're going to look at sustainable lifestyles so could I please ask Katharina Axelsson project manager and Evelyn Pirsalu senior expert to the stage so how many of you have had coffee today please raise your hands when having your coffee did you realize that coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world and that 125 million people worldwide rely on coffee for living majority of coffee production is exported from developing countries while consumed in Europe and in North America for a long time now Sweden's consumption based emissions sorry so for a long time now Sweden's consumption based impact in foreign countries have increased as you can see from this graph here and at the same time the national emissions have decreased and the pattern is similar in most developed countries as shown here around 65% of the total Swedish emissions now occur in foreign countries and while it is important to realize the global environmental impacts of our lifestyles and consumption and make efforts to reduce it it's also important to understand that a lot of people depend on our consumption for their livelihoods however relying on trade is obviously not enough to alleviate poverty and improve people's living standards developing countries still need improved governance structures and institutions better access to education infrastructure and perhaps above all adequate pay and secure job situations we also need to understand that in order to sustain 9 billion people in 2050 with an equal justice distribution of the world's resources many countries and income groups will need to reduce their consumption substantially while allowing others to increase theirs this means that sustainable lifestyles to a large extent is also an equity issue I'm aware that you cannot see the names of the countries in this graph but the idea here is just to remind us that many countries have an average ecological footprint several times higher than what has been estimated as sustainable levels at the top there you have countries like U8, US, Sweden and even Estonia where you come from Evelyn comes out pretty high and at the end there we have countries like Bangladesh India, Senegal and Nicaragua and several of the SDGs are really fundamental for bringing about the necessary changes to address this imbalance Sustainable lifestyle encompasses many things it's about social behaviour and choices that minimise a negative impact on the environment and that means that we in developed countries need to reduce our consumption and reduce our waste also less resources and one family that has recently started to contemplate and reflect on these issues is my uncles so please meet my uncles family Uncle Andrews and his wife Ruth and his two lovely children Anu and Kaor they live in a small town called Viljandi in the middle of Estonia State Forest Management Centre and Andrews in the construction business and they're not super rich but they get by quite well in Estonian terms and my family and I we meet often in Christmas times and we have dinner together and discuss about different things and last Christmas we started to talk about human impact on the environment and they wanted to get tips from me how they could reduce their environmental impact Both Ruth and Andrews they have heard about the seriousness of global warming but so far they have not found inspiration to reduce their environmental impact but one thing that really started to change the way we were thinking about these issues was one day when their daughter Anu came home from school this was in last autumn and declared that she wants to become or she will become vegetarian and that was because at school she had heard that food can have a very big impact on the environment and vegetarian food is better for global environment but the problem was that the school canteen doesn't really have vegetarian food as you see from the pictures so she asked from her parents could she bring her own food to the school and the parents were thinking well this is the wrong way to go about it and they decided to talk with the school administration and the response what they got was that this is really difficult to do and our chef doesn't even know how to make vegetarian cook vegetarian food and Ruth and Andrews was quite astonished by this answer realising the system that does not actually support the sustainable lifestyles and then we want on talking about the growing meat consumption in Estonia and how we waste so much more food and throw away so much of food and in our study from talent centre we have found out that average Estonia throws away 63 kilograms of food each year and even though that's maybe not so much compared to other European countries it is still comparably high of what's happening in sub-Saharan Africa and south eastern Asia where people throw away only 6 to 11 kilograms of food so this made us also think about the time not so long time ago when we were living in quite tough situation in Soviet time when we didn't have so much food variety of different food available and sometimes stores were even quite empty like you see from the pictures but we and we didn't throw away so much at that times so how come that in just one generation later our living standard has increased which is a good thing but we have also become so much more wasteful and in fact according to FAO commission study if just one fourth of lost and wasted food was saved it could actually end global hunger but not only do we in developed countries waste so much food and throw so much away we also eat too much and we eat too many of things that are not good for ourselves but this however is a problem that happens also in many other countries so most of the countries all around the world there is a clear correlation between income and waste and that brings back to our story in sorry story in Estonia and experiences from from Soviet time how can we prevent that increasing income and waste don't go hand in hand how can we make sure that when incomes are increased in developing countries the waste would be actually reduced Estonia is one of the first countries to present their plan of action for agenda 2030 at the high level plan in July so what can a country like Estonia do to support more sustainable lifestyles well sustainable consumption has been addressed at the national level so far to a considerable extent and indeed there is a clear rationale for introducing some key policy instruments at the national level as we also heard Per Boulund talk about this morning such as for instance a revised tax system echo labels, public procurement guidelines building codes and so on however many of these instruments need to be actively respondent to and enforced at the national or sorry at the local level either by businesses or individuals making sustainable consumption choices in their local environment or directly by local government in the role as planner procurer or role model and in this process it's important that the national level is in dialogue with the local level to better understand the conditions supports and structures needed to bring about the necessary changes another important success factor for bringing about changes for sustainable consumption and lifestyles is the social dimension the motivating factors for people to change their lifestyles are likely different for different people as well as the geographical and social contexts it is likely however that we can identify a number of unifying factors regardless of the setting from recent work that SEI has done here in Stockholm we learned that transformation can be greatly advanced if people start together to discuss these issues and take action together for instance setting up common gardens arrange car pooling or car sharing arrange cooking classes or nature walks people are in most cases very committed to contribute to an improved social community to strengthen the social community at the local level and if sustainable lifestyles are acknowledged as a social norm this will greatly facilitate the transition as it's fun but we also need to ensure that sustainable lifestyles do not only exist in the abstract they must be created every day in the millions of choices that individuals make every day around the world this suggests that we need to carefully consider how to build sustainable lifestyles around the social values that binds people together thank you Evelyn and Katharina for that wonderful presentation and I'd like to thank all of the presenters for all of the work they've done they've shown for certain that there is a lot of linkages between the various different sustainable development goals and for me at least I am thinking that you are all on the same language so let's keep it going forward, thank you thank you very much Niall we're going to move straight on, we're running five minutes late of course that's always the way when you've got interesting presentations and speakers and I'm going to invite on to the stage too wonderful and we're very honoured to have them with us Charlotte Petriegornicka who is the general director of CIDA and Henick Henickson the CEO of Scania thank you, welcome and a round of applause thank you very much before we get going I just want to reassure you we're going to steal five minutes of different people's coffee break I'm really sorry guys I just hope that you can so that we get a chance really to have a bit of a conversation and we framed this around defining the challenges of implementation and we want to invite you guys here because you sort of represent two different constituencies if you like but friends nonetheless I know and with different experiences and different mandates so I want to start off by asking a sort of basic question which is why do the SCGs matter for you Charlotte, why do they matter for CIDA well for CIDA this is really the agenda that we have been working with for so many years but not expressed like this and it's a very inspirational agenda because we've been together with many of you we have worked so hard to try to educate ourselves and others that it's not one issue it's not health education we just need to understand that we need to work more in an integrated way and based on knowledge so this is really guiding us but I want to say something this is not a development aid agenda it's not about us it's about you but it is an agenda for development which we need to understand from CIDA that this is not a donor driven development aid agenda so we need to think through the way we work to be able to be inspired but to really reach out to other actors that are the solution and finally on this first response that I've been in so many meetings Pae Boulon was referring to many of them last year where we talk about the private sector and the capital markets as a necessary solution to finding the resources for this agenda but we very seldom talk with you because you're not there because you don't need all the development acronyms or the bureaucracy so we're talking about what you need to do without you at the table and that's not going to work so that's why we need to find a way to reach out to you and others who we hope will be part of the solution Sir Henryc, what about you you've been sort of put on the spot little bit, this agenda is about broadly about development, it's not about aid and as I think Charlotte has put forward, development means jobs and it means investments that's perhaps where you come in we are on the same wavelength I mean we work well together we have the Swedish leadership for sustainable development that is organised by CEDA I think it's one of the arenas where we actually put I would say the political agenda as a side and we just focus on doing things together and looking at what sort of barriers do we have and try to remove them together actually we sit in the cross industries but we also sit in the players that are usually competitors but if we sit in that arena we are actually able to come up with things together but coming back to our role in this then of course the 17 goals they are a good manuscript for us as well in the corporate world and I would say that they are an inspiration for us to create a business plan with turning these 17 goals into business solutions that we can provide to our customers of today and probably our customers tomorrow and I think that is generic which you have a industry you're into if you're into our industry transporter if you're into producing food or services or electricity or whatever it is so I think it is an inspiration to become a business plan for the future and of course for us as a company we use them both to make sure that we live live by these those goals and that means a transformation in the company as such when it comes to the value chain we are into our suppliers, our customers our customers, our own operation but I think where we as many companies can do a big difference in the products and services that we provide and there we have before this 17 goals came up but we had a game plan and we have an ambition as Scania to be recognized as the leader of the transformation or transport system to become sustainable and based on that we have a couple of pillars that we work with and the funny thing is that those pillars you can actually recognise them in the 17 goals which I think is a strength Can I also question around in Pebble and mentioned food, housing and transport and this comes up to you I mean your transport sector but you're so responsible I suppose for the logistics of getting the food to the supermarkets that gets on our plates Can you talk a little bit about how perhaps you can't do it all on your own that it's about the partnerships with others and developing value for them You're right, you're absolutely right I think if we start with what we can do ourselves is that we're focusing on free areas one is energy efficiency which I think everyone can understand what that is to make the vehicles more energy efficient the second one is to use renewable fuels and electricity and I'll come back to that one and then the third one is to use the smart transport but I would say in all of these areas you cannot do it on your own and not one of them is the silver bullet solution so you have to have to work with both or all three of them and you also have to work in partnership because you're always just a small player in a big value chain and if you don't go up and take a holistic view of that value chain you will not see the waste and you will not see the challenges that you have I think one example is biofuels I think at the moment in Europe there is a new directive coming up at the end of the year so there's a lot of articles coming out now and it's a little bit bashing biofuels and it really makes me really angry to be honest and I don't have a stake in that it doesn't matter for us what sort of fuel you put in our vehicles but what irritates me is that we sometimes take a very narrow view of a subject instead of go up and look at it from a holistic point of view I don't know how many of you have been to the river delta in Algeria where they produce oil I mean have you been in Basra region in southern Iraq I've been there it's not a beautiful site and for some reason we use another type of goggles when we look at biofuel production instead of how we look at fossil fuels and there was a funny picture here before that I think Richard was showing about the power struggle between food and fuel I would say that I don't agree with that at all I mean there is no conflict at all I think it's fueled by interests that has the second agenda in Europe we're spending more we use more land in Europe for golf courses than we do to produce biofuels and if I remember you use quite a lot of water to get the grief and grass to become green as well so I think we have You're not a golfer are you? Actually I am quite a good handicap How can you live? No but I think what I'm trying to make a point always that you need to look from holistic and that's where our cooperation comes in I mean we do a lot of things together where actually if an issue regarding the transport industry comes from Charlotte it's more credible and if maybe I talk a little bit more about sustainable development in some of the sub-Sahara Africa countries we become more trustworthy so I think we use each others we use the partnership in a proactive way and may I add to that because I think we all need to rethink the way we do the work we do today to be able to deliver on this agenda and CIDA and other agencies we have been focusing a lot on how to find the best way to put our money into a solution and maybe we have developed certain expertise on thematic areas we know what quality education looks like but are we experts on knowing how to inspire the partnerships that are needed or the debates that are needed so we take the goal 17 very seriously which is about means of implementation and about partnerships because we think that that's where we that's our core business because the agenda is broad but to deliver the agenda is what the agency is part of doing and we need to understand who do we need around the table to find the integrated solutions and what kind of debates or discussions do we need to trigger because for instance we don't want private sector to start charities in Africa we want them to pay the taxes in countries which is an elephant in the room it's not discussed but when we work under the heading of Swedish leadership and Parboulon and others are talking about Sweden as a leading country we also need to be leading on making the things we do based on research and knowledge but also lead on the things that could be conflicting goals and dare to take discussions and I think that's also where we could be very inspirational internationally and I think we do have those kind of interfaces all the time and I think we are actually just on that tax thing actually we have defined I think it is 19 KPIs that we follow that is linked to sustainability and after a dialogue like this we actually put in tax we want to be profitable we are proud to be profitable but we are also proud to pay tax and we see that actually as one of the KPIs that we should follow because not everyone is seeing it as a good thing but we have to can I ask you this is defining the challenges from your perspective are there any sort of challenges from the point of view of CEDA for actually making this happen on the ground could you name a couple of them be candid with us I did already by saying that we need to understand what's a relevant role for an agency in implementing this strategy and five to ten years down the road Swedish development aid money is important but they are decreasing in proportion to other countries development aid money or to private sector and remittances and so on so we need to understand a bit more how do we transform ourselves from a big donor where we were acting like that to being more knowing where to work and how to be catalytical and how to use our money and knowledge where other actors and other money is not necessarily going so we need to rethink we were the big guys we will now be more of the kind of Villa Vesla an agency that can inspire others to work but we are part of much bigger solutions than and that is a cultural change within the organisation and the whole I would say all agencies that do what we do have to rethink the role and one of the things that we have done Pair Boulon talked about Swedish agencies have a role to contribute to the implementation here in Sweden we have a role of engaging Sweden to get to know more about the global goals we have reached out to other agencies to civil society to academia and to private sector to start to build platforms where our money is not what we offer it's the platforms and knowledge sharing that we are offering and then the money might be a part of it and what I'm saying now is also replicated in countries it's not just in headquarters in Stockholm it's a role we're going to see more of in the countries which we're working I can support on that actually also that when we go out and do bigger projects linked to sustainability in a broader sense it's not the money that is important it is the knowledge the knowledge that we can get from SIDA from EKN from SAK, from SWED Fund institutions that are supporting not with money but with credibility that can open up doors and with knowledge that will create a better solution at the end of the day one great example where I think Sweden has supported Scania very good is a product we are doing in India where we are taking a holistic view of the whole system usually we provide buses and trucks and then we say good luck but here we have seen that if you want to provide buses in a very corrupt system in India it doesn't work so what we have done instead is that we have gone in and moved forward into the value chain and we actually took the role of what SL is in Stockholm and we actually operate the buses and we don't stop there but we also start producing the biofuels ourselves because there was no knowledge about how to do it and we invite other Swedish companies to come on board we make sure it's local business so we take residuals from the production of rice and we take the wastewater from the sewage 600 toilets is enough to run a bus for a year and that's what we do so we produce the fuel we set up a transport system and we run it and basically we avoid hard currency going to fossil fuel in India which is scarce, create local jobs we improve their quality and we create also a better sort of CO2 footprint and it's financially viable and that would not be that is much easier if you have a strong partner with you that can come in with knowledge and credibility and that understands that your driving force is not to become what we are you're not merging with SIDA to become a charity or a development agency and we need to understand that you will only do this if this is good business for you in the long run and knowing each other's driving forces and reasons for being is so important when we are talking about partnering because if we don't we will see a lot of partnerships that will fail sooner rather than later and I think we underestimate what that takes I also think one of the things that SIDA not struggles with but what we see is that the level of engagement within private sector on this agenda is more around COP21 and Paris rather than the 17 goals all of them so we have to continue to communicate but also to allow companies to enter into this agenda just knowing one of the objectives and then broaden the understanding of how they are linked and we are we come from the poverty side and I still think what SIDA does on this we have to realise that when it comes to private sector the climate and environment is easier to get engagement rather than some of the social objectives so please partner with us in making this truly integrated It is very interesting to hear how you are talking about your role as being first of all focusing on the things where you can really out value and make a change and then you are there to convene and enable a whole load of other people so it is about leveraging a much bigger pot of money if you like I am going to press you on that a little bit are there ways in which the financing that SIDA could be used to unlock if you like some much bigger amounts of money absolutely SIDA has two kind of pots of money one is the one that you really know where we can be smarter in using them where other money are not so interested for instance feasibility studies or the core support that nobody wants to pay for because core what is that I want to result paying for a secretariat nobody wants to pay for a secretariat things like that or in conflict areas where you would be hesitant so we need to be smarter so we have a guarantee which means that we can share risk so instead of giving a grant to a woman in Palestine who want and is able to start her own business if she could lend money instead of giving her a grant we support the national bank who are a bit it's too risky for them to lend but if we guarantee a first loss they are willing to lend so instead of supporting her we are supporting systems in country with the guarantee which is not giving away money it's actually a good business for Sweden to do that so de-risking with other actors is much more part of what we are doing today and that unlocks a lot of new ways of working which is actually Sweden and SIDA is a bit not famous but famous within the development agency area of doing there's not so many others who can do that actually I wanted to finish off actually since I'm sure everyone is desperate for a bit of coffee I don't want to cut the time short it's fascinating to hear from you but I wanted to ask you we've got 15 years and it's a very ambitious agenda and when you look at the national implementation it's also almost overwhelming actually first of all you can answer whichever one of these you like are there specific priorities you think that should be addressed now and where would you like to see if you were looking into your crystal ball where would you like to see either as a representative of business or indeed in your personal capacity where would you like to see us in five or seven and a half years sort of halfway down the track Henwick first I think the industry area I mean we stand for around 14-15% of the CO2 in the world so we are part of the problem so we want to be part of the solution of course that's why we have the agenda we have but saying that I would say that the partnerships one partner in the partnership chain is the legislator I would say and I think that is the process unfortunately it takes the longest time to develop technology and convince customers and so on but the legislation so that is what I would like to see now I was a long term commitment from a political arena that is not local but that is pan whatever pan European or pan global so that you give the right games of the rule not only for the manufacturers but also I would say especially for the customers they are the ones that are worried that if I buy this technology today will there be fuel tomorrow but if I buy this now what will happen I think we have all experienced that in Sweden with our personal causes so that is what I would like to see a good solid performance when it comes to the political arena to set the rules of the games and then do not dictate the technology solution rather aim for saying what is it that you want to achieve then you can let the rest of the society find the solution so that is today the most important I would say Thank you Henrik I think it's hard there's so much you want to say one of the things that I would like to see happen is that the 600 million people living in Africa without electricity that they have electricity because it's the basis for so many things that we need to see happen we need to see happen from being able to read to deliver birth in the night time to make Africa industrialized you just need that and if we can do that based on sustainable solutions I think that's very very important I also think that thinking through the vision for Sweden in this because Sweden said we're going to lead by understanding what it means for us in Sweden but also internationally and I think that if we can say in five years that we were modelling in Sweden models that we are already known for we are known for our gender gender issues we are known for welfare models that are badly needed when we talk about private sector and taxes and all of that we talk about welfare models so if we could not say that we are the best in the world on welfare models but if we could see that we are really asked to contribute to modelling welfare models in other countries I think we will be so good at what we are doing here and so helpful and this agenda for me the whole agenda is about an equity agenda within planetary boundaries it's not about poverty it's more about an equal world within planetary boundaries and I think that Sweden can really play a role there for models, gender and the climate issues so I think I would like to see us in a competition there because it's a good competition great thank you very much Henrik I wish a lot for those insights thank you Henrik don't run away thank you very much a little bit of housekeeping coffee, tea and a muffin is available behind you and also upstairs do feel free also to take a look at the work of our scribe, safe Al Hasani who's been working over here and then I know we're running a bit late so if you can be back in your seats in 20 minutes that would be great thank you ladies and gentlemen friends it's time to take your coffee and your seats please for our second half I'll send to slew to full man that I haven't sikt I haven't sikt and it's my colleague Anna who has an English Russian house so she will help you with that ok I can manage that this is your last and final call ladies and gentlemen please take your seats for our second half don't forget everybody there is the opportunity to mingle over a cocktail afterwards so this isn't your only opportunity to talk to friends old and new so you have to make it so welcome back everybody and to take us into our second session and perhaps also bridge between our first hour and a half looking into linkages I'd like to introduce you to Mons Nielson SCI's research director who's going to kick us off and give us some conceptual ideas of what coherence is and how we might get there welcome Mons thank you Rob indeed I am the research director of SCI and therefore I will allow myself to become a little bit academic here for a few minutes and talk a little bit about coherence how do you approach a topic like policy coherence this holy grail of public administration coherent joined up policy making and to do that I think we have to start by understanding the interactions in a more systematic way we have the most perhaps cited quote on the 2030 agenda globally has been the indivisible whole that the agenda you can't pick it apart you need to do everything when Secretary General Ben Kimoon was here in Stockholm about two months ago he talked about it as a declaration of interdependence and this interact interdependence element is so strong that even policy coherence has its own target under goal 17 of course this can be put in sharp contrast with the the way that actual political processes work which is about negotiation and breaking different interests against each other it's really not an indivisible view at all it's a quite divisible view and you also see that let's say the most influential policy analytical research that we have today of course is the tradition of economics it's always founded on the issue of trade-offs and see allocation of resources in competing under constraints so already today we've heard a lot about synergies and trade-offs and this is the regular rhetoric about the SDGs there are synergies and there are trade-offs but how do policy makers deal with that and how can they approach them it is actually not clear cut that it's only a two way coin synergy and trade-off so I will submit to you today that there is actually a much wider typology of interactions that we need to understand if we want to develop coherent policies and they range from the most positive type of interaction being the indivisible which is a case where two things basically go hand in hand and they cannot be separated so let's say we are able to achieve full empowerment of women and women's rights in society and that of course goes entirely hand in hand with women participating in all decision making fora which is another target under gender equality let's give that the score plus three plus two also very positive is the reinforcing relationship it's an interaction where you pursue one goal such as for instance clean cooking and you will automatically reinforce another namely exposure to air pollution in indoor settings in developing countries the weakest form of positive interaction we will call it enabling an example could be electricity access which is an enabling factor for being able to pursue education goals and health goals in poor countries enabling for instance homework to be done at night enabling evening schools of course enabling health clinics to operate there is a neutral relationship we call it consistent where there are no significant positive or negative interactions then we move into the negative sphere and we have three levels there as well and the mildly negative interaction is the conditionality that for instance you have put the constraint on the way that you can deliver energy services because of the climate change target the climate change goals tell us that we cannot deliver energy services based on fossil fuels more negative minus two we can call it counter action where a target is actually working directly against another target some would say that labour rights is counteracting free enterprise some say that food production or let's say biofuel production is counteracting food security as you understand many of these are actually contestable and they are very place specific but they still have to be analysed the third and the most negative interaction is the dilemma where two things just simply cannot go together there are not that many of them I think but one could be for instance the goal of having full transparency in public decision making versus national security considerations for instance we cannot reveal everything on the national security agenda publicly because it would be extremely damaging to our national security so this provides a kind of a typology that we have begun to think about in terms of the SDGs as I said it's contestable it's place specific it depends on a number of factors such as the geographical conditions the resources available in a specific country or a region but it also shows a little bit the solution space and what you can think about is how you move from a negative to a positive interaction or sort of climb the ladder for instance through applying smart technologies or for instance through applying appropriate governance systems that takes away some of the negative interactions and emphasizes and reinforces the positive interactions I will not linger more on this I think it gives us a slightly more nuanced understanding of policy coherence and how we can approach it as analysts but I think it also gives a little bit an opportunity for policymakers and even perhaps politicians to think about who are your friends and who are your enemies in the political system where do you build alliances and coalitions what becomes the central pillars of a development strategy where all the big synergies are joining together and which parts do you need to mitigate and deal with a little bit more carefully so thank you very much I'll stop there thank you very much indeed Mons that was a really interesting presentation and I think it sets very nicely the context for the next session that will follow I should probably perhaps just introduce myself my name is Lisa Emberson and I'm the centre director from the York Centre I think I was sort of spoke to you just before we started to try and see if I could paraphrase what it was that you were talking about and I think perhaps the best I can come up with was that you were talking about trying to understand the different types of policy interaction and perhaps one way of saying that is trying to identify the good, the bad and the ugly and trying to make sure that we avoid the bad and the ugly and make the very best that we can from the good so that's what I took from what you said so I'd like to introduce this next session which is looking at where policy coherence is needed and we're going to look at three particular examples and hopefully sort of I think delve a little bit deeper into some of the policy interactions that Mons was alluding to and these three different examples are going to be incredibly important in terms of us actually being able to take our development forwards in a sustainable way so if I can ask the first two presenters to come on to the stage so we're going to have a discussion about cities now and we're going to have Derek Brookhoff who's a senior scientist from the US Centre in Seattle and we're also going to have Ann Niambani from the SCRI Africa Centre so thank you very much over to you Great, thank you so I'm going to talk about one dimension of policy coherence related to governance for a while now and I would say increasingly in the last few years there's been a growing awareness that if we're going to tackle the global challenges of sustainable development we need to pay a lot of attention to urban areas, to cities about half of the world's population currently lives in cities and that proportion is expected to grow to about two thirds by the middle of the century so whether you're talking about climate change or forest consumption or human well-being cities are where we really need to focus so the question is how do we engage with cities on urban sustainability and if you talk with a lot of folks who are active in this area trying to promote sustainable development in cities you'll find there's a popular narrative especially in the advocacy community that cities should play a leadership role, city governments to use a maritime analogy they should be lighthouses showing us the way to good effective policy innovation cities have unique capacities and resources they're more nimble than national governments they can take up the slack when national governments have failed to act and in its more extreme formulations you'll find expressions like this quotation from New York's deputy mayor cities are centers of innovation this is where climate change will be solved maybe we don't even need national governments we simply need to unleash the innovative capacity of city governments and while it's undoubtedly true that we need leadership from cities where they can provide it where it's needed arguably if we want to see the transformative effects that we need to see for global sustainable development we need more than just the actions of a few leadership cities so an alternative way to think about the appropriate proper role of cities is to continue with the maritime analogy here to think of cities as rowers all rowing together towards sustainable development objectives and what this conception would mean is not so much that cities take a leadership role but they serve critical implementation roles administrators, strategic partners working together with different levels of government with the national level for example to achieve urban sustainability goals for example it's great if you have some cities moving forward with aggressive building energy efficiency standards but if you really want to see transformative effects it's arguably better to have those standards enacted at national levels of the implementation and enforcement role for those standards so this slide illustrates some of the challenge that we have before us this shows the results of some analysis that we did a couple years ago trying to quantify what the potential is for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in cities around the world these are different kinds of actions that city governments could take related to buildings related to transportation and urban form that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and what this shows is that half the potential is concentrated in a relatively small number about 660 large urban areas but the other half is dispersed throughout 5,000 urban areas throughout the world smaller and medium sized cities and the question is how can we unlock the potential in those cities yes you have a lot of big cities but we need to access the reduction potential and the sustainable development potential across a range of issues in these smaller cities and so the question then is if that's our aspiration what is a coherent rational approach to governance on climate change and another sustainability issues look like and what I would argue and what our analysis argues is that the best approach would be to allocate responsibilities to different levels of government according to what they do best so you look at the comparative advantages what can cities do what can national governments do and allocate design policies in an integrated fashion according to those advantages so what do cities do best well anything that depends on existing local government capacities for example it would be something appropriate to assign to cities so maybe you want to have building codes established or promulgated at a national level but city governments do a lot of building inspections already they have a natural role in terms of enforcing those building codes so there's one allocation of responsibilities any time a success of policies depends on access to local data and information, mobilization of local resources, responsiveness to local concerns that's where city government action is appropriate and probably that exhibit A in what it makes sense for local governments city governments to undertake is the development of public transit infrastructure public transit systems where all of these things come into play what do national governments do best any time you're concerned about achieving economies of scale market transformation effects where coordination of action across multiple jurisdictions is needed where you need to avoid spillover effects it's great if a city can reduce emissions within its boundaries but if all that does is displace sources to other cities other locales you haven't actually reduced global emissions so that's where national level approaches make sense and avoiding free riding for example so the clear example here would be for example energy efficiency standards there's only so far you can go with individual jurisdictions arguably what you want is a transformative approach at the national level that cities would then help in the implementation and administration of so what does it take to achieve policy coherence arguably what you need is multiple levels of government working together towards common goals here and eliminating conflicts between national and sub national policies policies should be designed around the respective comparative advantages of different levels of government and really what we need I think our national urban development strategies that enable city governments to act by providing financial and technical assistance and establishing frameworks that coordinate policies at multiple levels to get cities rowing together towards sustainable development so with that I will turn it over to Ann who will talk about some concrete examples of coherence or incoherence as the case may be okay thank you so much Derek just following up on what Derek has been talking about the importance of policy coherence I will give a case study in Nairobi, Kenya where we have really had diverse impacts of policy incoherence and especially when we are faced with extreme weather events and the most recent event in Nairobi was flooding that happened within the city and those are some of the pictures that you could see in Nairobi we had vehicles being swept away and they tried to cross through the roads because they were flooded and we also had traffic congestion so people spent 8 to 10 hours as they tried to wait for the water to actually deliver the water to go down for them to cross and go home and then we also had people where some residents of Nairobi they tried to help the others to actually cross the flooded areas and in another case somewhere in an informal settlement in Nairobi we had a building that actually collapsed and it caused a lot of death in that area and also we had people who were left homeless because of that, because of policy incoherence and thinking about why does this happen especially in the Kenyan context one of the thing is we have very nice policies that would actually help us when we have such extreme weather events but they are not being reinforced at the local level this includes the building codes that we have and also the land use regulation frameworks that we have in the country that are not being enforced and also the role of the government to protect flood regulating ecosystems within the city are not being protected and also there is poor solid waste management and lastly it's infrastructure development, there are so many buildings coming up that they don't follow the policies and also the regulatory framework that are being laid down the second one is about incoherent and also fragmented approaches when it comes to urban planning and this I'll use this slide to look at it we have in Kenya we have two levels of governance we have the national level and also the county levels but the two levels don't work they are not coordinated when it comes to their work and also if you look at the county level we also have sub sectors within that are supposed to be working together and that includes the development control we have the land use we have housing, we have water management and also environmental management sectors that are supposed to work together but this is not happening so so this some of this some of this conflicting and also lack of integration when it comes to management and also planning for any development in the country is leading to very diverse impacts that would be avoided if everything was done correctly and the main key solution for this will be development of adaptive policy processes that actually they are coordinated they should be coordinated and also they should be reinforced within this sector so that we ensure that when we have such extreme weather events the impacts are not as diverse as they are and then another thing is we as residents of Nairobi have to play because it's us who dump waste anywhere so when we have such extreme weather events the drainage system is blocked and then the impact is even more diverse so this is an example of an informal settlement in Nairobi where there's a lot of garbage that is blocking the drainage system so when we have a lot of water the water have nowhere to go and since our infrastructure are not built in a way that they can actually they don't have the capacity to hold such weather they collapse and the dilemma that we have is that right now at least we can come up with policies that could protect the residents from such extreme weather events but what about there are thousand houses that we have in Nairobi that are built on wetlands without the new road that you are seeing this road is actually like two years old that was constructed are we supposed to demolish it and now construct like weather resistant roads where are we supposed to take the people who are living in the thousand houses that are built in the wetlands so that's the dilemma that we have thank you okay thanks ever so much Derek and Ann I think you the discussion that you had there I think it really kind of shows that the systemic approach that Mons was talking about if we can get that right in five thousand cities around the world then we can really make some difference and by the looks of the situation in Nairobi at the moment then difference does definitely need to be made so thank you very much for that moving on to the next example we now have Michael Lazarus who's the centre director from the US centre and we have Marion Davis our senior communications officer so anybody who works for SEI knows Marion Davis and you are going to be talking about fossil fuels and the energy transition thank you oh I need to do that myself how did that have we end up all over there okay so we are going to focus on a very specific set of issues which is related to energy for development versus a safe climate can we achieve this and how do we deal with the pesky problem of fossil fuels so the SDGs are incredibly ambitious SDG number one especially ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is a very very big task especially when we consider that there are right now one in eight people in the world lives on less than two dollars a day so clearly there are very big gaps to be filled and we also for the first time ever have an SDG on energy we have vowed to ensure access to affordable reliable sustainable and modern energy for all and again huge gap to fill here we have 1.2 billion people with no access to electricity many many more whose access is really quite terrible and we have 2.7 billion people who are still cooking with wood dung sticks whatever they can find and they have nothing no other option and then on the other hand we have SDG number 13 take urgent access urgent action to avoid to combat climate change and its impacts and obviously climate change affects every aspect of development outcomes so this is very important to achieve as well so can we achieve all three of these together obviously we have enough energy of the clean low carbon kind like solar this is not a big deal but right now about 80% of our energy comes more from that kind of thing that in particular is an oil pump it's not as obvious as it should be but oil and coal and other natural gas are the main sources of energy for us right now and this is not just a poor country issue I mean it is very much an issue for developing countries because it is these countries that have to greatly grow their energy supplies to be able to meet all their goals and to be able to not just to make people's living conditions better but also to fuel industry to mechanize agriculture it affects every aspect of life even healthcare and education you cannot do this without good energy and at the same time also for many of these countries this is the wealth that they have if you have oil in the ground and you are an incredibly poor country it's a big deal to get that out and start exporting it on the other hand in rich countries as you know well from some of the debates that are happening right now about natural gas pipelines in Europe energy security is a really serious concern and in the United States where I come from the whole energy independence theme is a really big issue and people are terrified that if we don't produce enough oil ourselves that somehow somebody is going to leave us with five kilometer long lines at the gas pump so this is where we come in because we know that we are in one place and we need to get to another place and so we are trying to figure out how do we deal with this fossil fuel economy because the fossil fuel economy isn't just coming out of the ground there is a whole institutional framework that supports them there are policies that support them there are agencies and governments that support them there are major corporations enormous amounts of money flowing into these things and all of these things that we are building that right now are useful also lock us into making that our future if we don't watch out so now I'm going to turn over to Michael thank you, Marian so there are hopeful signs and I'm going to actually read a quote, I don't need to tend to do this but I thought it was quite stunning that leaders of prominent international institutions are really taking heed of this dilemma this incoherence so Flaty Birol now executive director of the international agency said about two thirds of all proven reserves of oil gas and coal will have to be left undeveloped if the world is to achieve the goal of limiting global warming to 2 degrees celsius we're not even talking 1.5 in that quote and then Angel Guria the executive director of the OECD very interesting speech he gave in 2013 to wean ourselves away from fossil fuels will mean swimming against very strong tides Governments everywhere on behalf of their citizens have major stakes in bringing fossil fuel to market and taking their share of the rents or profits carbon entanglement a great term will not be easily undone in the very modest progress of climate policy over the last two decades is in part a testament to that that's our challenge indeed national policies if you look around national policies on climate they focus almost exclusively on reducing the demand for fossil fuels we don't talk much about the fact or we haven't until recently very recently this graph shows you the global investment in upstream oil and gas that is everything that brings gas and oil to markets increased three fold in a decade and of course we all know that these prices have plummeted recently the IEA projects it will come back to that nearly trillion dollar level especially when you add in coal as well and what we're seeing right now we don't know quite what that means if that's going to linger for a while in fact it may be a little bit of a preview of a disorderly transition away from fossil fuels what we're seeing in communities from Nigeria to North Dakota this is not the way we want to do it the impacts we want to have on communities and why that horse well if you look at the NDCs the nationally determined contributions that countries have made there's not a single word about reducing the supply of fossil fuels countries continue to invest a trillion dollars as you can see here nearly a trillion dollars overall supported by tens of billions of dollars of subsidies, tax breaks and indirect support why are we still doing this today if we're committed so it's very important as we do this we've been looking at this phenomenon of carbon lock in and that's how investing in this fossil fuel infrastructure makes it harder to reach the targets we want to get and it's not merely economic it's also institutional it's political, it's social it's communities that depend upon it how do we unlock that, it's a challenging issue that we're trying to get at you see a picture of an oil rig here today's news if anybody caught it, Norway just opened up the Barents Sea to 13 new licenses for development the oil minister says the oil potential is huge well it turns out when we looked at this question of lock in the lock in is greatest with offshore oil and other unconventional oil that costs a lot in capital to invest in but once you've got it you can produce at 20 to 30 dollars a barrel for 20 to 30 years so once we make that investment it's either gets stranded in an incredible waste or it locks us in to a future we don't want but really if we don't do that somebody else is going to produce it this has been the argument across the world we call this whack a mole game in the US knock it down here it pops up somewhere else Keystone XL pipeline who here has heard of the Keystone XL pipeline that's most of you a pipeline that would connect Alberta with the Gulf of Mexico and allow about 800,000 barrels per day potentially additional production from oil sands in Canada to reach the market so we have a movement today and was really quite interesting it's one of the biggest movements we've seen around climate involving civil society around this idea of stopping investments like this but is it purely a mobilization issue is there something that can be gained in terms of fossil fuel supply we did a paper in Nature Climate Change that showed that indeed it's basic supply demand economics and if you look at the literature it seems to suggest that for every barrel you leave in the ground sure a half a barrel will come back but a half a barrel won't and this adds up it can be significant and we brought this kind of logic to looking at what is a prominent political issue now in the US and policy issue which is what do we do about federal lands turns out that a quarter of US fossil fuel production is on federal lands and waters now what does this chart show the chart shows that you know over until this boom in oil and gas fossil fuel was relatively flat now we're projected even with a clean power plan even amidst national determined commitment to reduce 26 to 28% the plan the expectation is that fossil fuel production will increase over all 11% out to 2040 but if you look at this from a two degree and not even a 1.5% 1.5 degree perspective this needs to go down by half there's an incoherence here that we need to deal with is it perhaps ceasing to lease these lands we looked at the impact of that and those are those slices of the slice of yellow and blue at the top that's what would potentially not be produced if we didn't continue to lease these lands but maybe there are other policy mechanisms we need to think about non-federal production as well so is it worth acting on the supply side because we've been focusing on the demand side well it turns out that now folks from around the world are doing things or thinking about supply side interventions and that's what we've been looking at can they be effective can they contribute so the president Tong of Kiribati announced the idea of a moratorium on new coal mines around the world and it turned out soon thereafter because of other reasons over supplying the market and other issues or a review going on in the US of our federal coal leasing program there are these moratoria in the US and China on new coal mines and there are these strange bedfellows with this policy it turns out that some incumbent producers kind of like the idea producers production so are there ways to leverage that or to think about that, what's the right way to transition so we're also looking at this question in emerging economies in coal producing and exporting economies that are dependent on this market because if we're serious about this transition and the demand dries up for coal outside the country what does it mean for communities in Colombia and Indonesia and elsewhere that are dependent upon that how can we make this help make this a just and orderly transition so we're looking at those issues I mean here's the headline an article in today's Financial Times a fix for a one-trick economy well that's Saudi Arabia now Saudi Arabia has the resources that could sell off 5% of Saudi Aramco and help to finance a transition but what about other countries and at the heart of this lies an equity issue an equity issue again an incoherence related back to SDG 10 reducing inequalities an equity issue that we really haven't begun talking about seriously who gets to as Marianne pointed out at the very beginning produce the fossil fuels that remain because some of us have used up that space and this is potentially an opportunity to develop if done well so who has the most to lose and we do a little analysis so we get to the short of it is that turns out that what's on the margin between a two degree world and business as usual a lot of that profit all that extra money that could be plowed into communities is in places like Latin America South and Sub-Saharan Africa who haven't had the chance to develop their resources do we make room do we compensate them so these are the kind of questions we're trying to investigate so we're having the first ever we're convening the first ever international conference on these issues fossil fuel supply and climate change policy this September in Oxford and we're trying to help build a community of researchers, policy makers and others to think seriously about how we address things from the supply side as we're addressing things from the demand side from across the world so thank you so much okay Marianne Michael thank you ever so much so I think that really Marianne you really showed that the urgent need that there is to be transforming our energy use and supply I quite like the idea of carbon entanglement and the fact that what we really need to do is be developing coherent policies both on the supply and the demand side that will hopefully move us away from that entanglement which is not putting us in a very good position at the moment okay and then the final example that we're going to have is talking about financing sustainable development and for this if I can welcome on to the stage Aaron Attridge from the SEI Stockholm centre and also Albert Salamanca from SEI Asia thank you very much so we'll round up this session on the good, the bad and the ugly with the good being Albert and I highlight some of the bad and the ugly for you so what we're going to do is to talk about particular areas of incoherence in the way that finance connects to these common goals we've been discussing about sustainable development or climate change I'll begin at the macro level and Albert will then take us down to ground level and look at it from the perspective of developing countries so we're going to do this with about 10 points of incoherence in finance as something for you to think about the first one is probably obvious to most of you there's analysis that shows that the emission pledges or the kind of mitigation pledges we've had so far will maybe get us to around a three degree world and then the flip side of that is the adaptation finance that we have on the table so far maybe get us to about adapt to about one and a half degrees and these are both in UNEP emissions gaps and adaptation gap reports so the cost of adaptation compared to the amount of finance we have available there's a big gap and this creates a really big problem for us it's sort of an incomplete equation because mitigation ambition plus adaptation finance is supposed to add up to safety for us the second one I was pleased to hear Charlotte to talk about CEDA rethinking the delivery of development aid and development finance and the second point of incoherence for us that we see is really between the needs of developing countries or their priorities and the way that finance is being delivered either climate finance or development finance at present we have a situation where for various reasons climate finance is being delivered separately from development finance and this is having a distorting effect on the kinds of investments that it's being used for so countries and donors in fact are being sort of encouraged to invest in things that look like climate change, flood prevention or irrigation perhaps but that may be not what developing countries most prioritised in terms of setting themselves up for a long term future where climate change is one important uncertainty which might be investments in health or education for instance you also have in this very complex architecture global architecture of financial flows the problem of as you can see it means virtually impossible at the bottom of that chart for a developing country government to align finance properly with its real sustainable development priorities and also it's increasingly projectised this kind of projectisation of finance meaning it comes in small short term parcels and that's very difficult to connect to long term transformation agendas what might an alternative model look like we could spend days trying to think about that and one thing if you can integrate climate change and disaster risk planning and SDGs international development planning maybe then you can sort of align finance better through the national development planning process but there's no one perfect model okay now we get to the ones that I think are probably more interesting but no less important if adaptation finance is supposed to be ensuring that we can adjust to or withstand future climate change then it's really important that we understand what we're spending adaptation finance on and so even if we don't feel a personal responsibility for the other species on the planet that we inhabit our livelihoods and our prosperity is intrinsically connected to them so if you take the example of plants this comes from the Cure Gardens did a state of the world's plants report which came out this year and the red pictures indicate how many plant species we depend on for different kinds of uses so foods fuels, medicines poisons, fibres so on so it's a very concrete example of the way in which our prosperity and our livelihood depends on the adaptation of natural ecosystems and so then we might expect to see in this expenditure of adaptation finance quite a significant chunk going on adaptation for biodiversity for instance which is not happening and if that continues I think it's a very big problem for us the last one was just to show that from the same report more than 10% of the earth's vegetated surface is highly sensitive to climate variability I was also listening when Charlotte said that the private sector I mean we can't expect them to be a charity so they only get involved when it's a business for them and it turns out that investments in sustainable development or climate activities in particularly the least development countries don't appear to be very good business for them so we see an incoherence between the increasing rhetoric around private finance filling the investment gaps and helping us to make this transition into sustainable development and climate our climate goals and the sort of investment patterns that are actually experienced by least developed countries in small island developing states in particular so some years ago I looked at foreign direct investment and international bank lending patents and it's no surprise perhaps to see that most foreign direct investment goes to upper middle income countries and where it does the little bit that does with natural resource extraction usually if you think about the sectors that might be key from an SDG perspective like agriculture for instance most FDI in agriculture goes to a very large industrial scale agriculture and to cash crops rather than food staples if you think about the tourism sector most of it goes to large hotels if you think about water I mean outside of East Asia there's very little private investment in the water sector and so on and there's virtually no evidence of investment in education and health sectors for instance so that's a very worrying trend what it perhaps does mean is that we need to start thinking about this a little bit differently and how do we allow greater mobilisation of finance within the least developed countries which is either strengthening tax collection systems lowering the transaction costs for remittances as a couple of examples stimulating the domestic private sector this slide is only to show you that we can look just at the inflows side if you like but it's also important to think about what money is coming out of countries and for some particularly the LDCs again there's more money coming out of the country through debt repayments illicit financial flows so it also increases that problem for them okay now we get to one of the what I think are actually two elephants in the finance room one is there's an incoherence between the incentives and structure of the financial sector itself and these global goals that we've been talking about or put differently is there's an incoherence in the expectation that green finance if you like is supposed to change the trajectory of development when it has to compete with a much larger volume of brown finance and this is just an example from Carbon Tracker to show the amount of asset investment that is within the world's major stock exchanges that is connected to fossil fuels now and it's just a way of showing that there are these deep structural incentives in the global investment system that keep patterns of brown finance much larger than green finance and another example is just between 2013-14 the amount of bank financing for coal mining went up 20% the good news is there are things like green bonds being talked about an emerging trend of a different instrument for raising funds for sustainable development or climate related activities there are divestment campaigns going on where you have major institutional investors like pension funds pledging to pull finance out of particular fossil fuel fossil fuel sectors NSCI is about to do some work to look into those those emerging trends but at the same time as you have this is another worrying trend which is the overall stability of the global financial system so if you have analysts talking about worried about for instance rising debt levels bubbles within the financial system this poses a real risk to sort of the long term availability of finance for the kinds of goals we are talking about and lastly the other elephant which was mentioned before is there's an incoherence between tax policy and this recognition that we need more money for tackling climate risks the Guardian was reporting that offshore finance siphons more than 12 trillion out of emerging economies alone and this was a great quote I think just charging 1% tax on this siphoned wealth is equivalent to global ODA budgets so it's fairly significant and with that I'll hand over to Albert thanks Aaron the next set of policy incoherence are based on discussions and conversations we had with local stakeholders in Asia the first set of incoherence is between urgency and responsibility we understand that the threat of climate change is urgent but the funds available to help countries in the region to adjust to the impacts of climate change are not really that easy to access they need to demonstrate what they called as fiduciary responsibility so in Asia right now the only national implementing entity for the adaptation fund is a national bank for agriculture and rural development of India the Indonesia climate change trust fund tried to apply defailed because they couldn't demonstrate fiduciary responsibility among the things that's being required for example they have to have whistleblower policies they need to have gender policies among other other policies that are required by the funds to be able to be accredited as a national implementing entity so again the threat is urgent but the funds are not really easily accessible I remember a conversation I had with a department of finance official who came to a workshop in Bangkok who said in the Philippines we were able to access loans from the World Bank from the IMF and we get five times investment upgrades but we couldn't even get an adaptation funding and if I may remind you the Philippines is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world but funds are not really available last week we organized the workshop for SIDA and in one of the conversations during the workshop one partner said it's interesting because the green climate fund is based on the adaptation fund framework largely it's learning from that particular implementation of the adaptation fund because it happens much earlier and one of the things that's really required all the proponents to have is gender policy but they've said looking at the 24 board members of the green climate fund only four are women so another setup and coherence between need and accountability much of the forms of accountability that's really happening in climate financing are more upward looking they're more to satisfy the demands of the different donors and their governments but the accountability is not meant to address the needs of the beneficiaries whom the financing is supposed to help them but their needs are not there another one is between the global and the local so again this relates to the previous one it needs to be linked to what's really happening globally but the appreciation of what's really happening globally is different from the appreciation among communities on the problems because for them there are far more urgent problems that they encounter so while climate change is important there are urgent issues that they need to content with so in the case for example of adaptation funds they think that issues locally based issues are procurement issues that's why they have to ensure that the fiduciary responsibilities are being executed or available with the national implementing entities so that they will be able to respond to local needs but again to be able to develop a proposal that's worth millions of dollars it's something that communities don't have access to they're not in that position really to for the problems that they encounter to have huge amounts of money and I don't think and I'm sure you agree that it's not also really possible for communities to devise the solutions or the proposals that's being required by these funds so that they can access them finally there's also this incoherence between the norm of promoting gender equality and the way this is being operationalised so in the green climate fund the climate financing have to respond to the needs of the underrepresented especially women but according to an experience of a preparation facility for adaptation financing based in Bangkok much of those policies really involves a lot of box checking in other words they're not meaningful and productive so this year and in the coming years ACI Asia and my colleagues through the climate finance initiative we'll develop tools and approaches on how we can bring in meaningful engagement with gender in climate finance and just to tell you a bit about this picture there's a picture taken in a floating village in Cambodia so notice the woman registering the business of the day while the men are playing cards thank you thank you very much indeed Aaron and Albert I know that we're running a little bit short on time so I think I will directly hand over to our director Johan Shulinshirna without whom probably none of this would be very possible so over to you Johan wow that's a nice introduction thank you very much how do you feel good I'm happy to hear that are you feeling energized how many feel now that after these presentations you are more optimistic about the fact that we will achieve the STGs then you were at 130 okay how many feel more pessimistic and a lot of people don't feel anything at all that's okay we have a lot of questions though traditionally researchers tends to end up with questions and problems and challenges but I hope at least many of you can see that in STI we are really trying to also bridge into science and provide answers and so on but then there are many difficult answers to be really delivered and what you do then you invite a panel so you don't have to answer them yourself so I will invite a panel and I will do something directly after they come up that they are not aware of they think they will have very comfortable questions coming from me and so on but actually I will reach out to you and take two three minutes to throw in a couple of comments or questions really short so they can actually respond a little bit to them also in their answers that they will also give to my questions so a little bit more dynamic here can I ask all the four panelists to come up and then I will introduce them yes please can you hang around one table or how do you feel is it too tight? we should have a round table stand around so you can so I am very pleased to introduce first of all Minister Kristina Persson she is the Minister for Strategic Development and Nordic Cooperation a very interesting portfolio you will get an applaud in a second but I think I introduce all four first we have Elab Lyxt research director at the Swedish Federation of Steel Industries Jan Kontoret we have Mattias Goldmann he is the CEO of Forest which is an independent think tank and actually this year or actually last year is this year actually but it is probably for things you did last year who cares he is the most environmentally powerful person in Sweden so just so you know so if no one else can answer go to you it is a shock and then we have Anna Boryury who is chair of the board at Polarbröd and also a co-owner this is a family company and Polarbröd is very well known in Sweden anyone who is a tourist here or foreigner here buy a package when you actually leave the country so now we give them an applaud and feel welcome thank you so this is sort of academia think tank science, policy and action in terms of the private sector so we have a very very competent panel no one is playing card not even you Mattias on this one let me check now very quickly any reactions from this afternoon can you you know anyone yes please so we have a microphone quickly who you are and then a quick reaction hello I'm Annette Anderson I work at ACB I have a question for you Christina France are putting in some severe environmental laws actually regarding food waste and emissions what do the Swedish government think about these things that's good it will come back you keep it in mind and then you can integrate it in your ass that's to keep you awake anyone else only the banking sector has questions we have one here also I'm Fabia Midman, you're in Habitat I have a question directly to the minister I attended recently a seminar with India the India days and one of the suggestions was of course organisation of India when is Sweden going to make a package for organisation through its development aid with the help of the researchers at SAI and make these solutions profitable for both Sweden the environment and all of us thank you so international collaboration anyone else having a comment upstairs we have a microphone there as well there's one over there no there's only a microphone there anyone yes please that's good one there okay one there can we move to the panel thanks Tobii Gardner Stockholm Environment Institute a few of the panellists this afternoon have commented on how incredibly ambitious the SDG agenda is and the fact that we only have 15 years and we've just heard a whole series of presentations as to how incoherent our current architecture and infrastructure political, social, economic financial really is and it would be great to hear from the whole panel the candid appraisal as to whether they really feel optimistic that we can overcome the disconnect between the ambition and the capacity that we have at the moment exactly so actually I really expect the panel to have solo this in half an hour that's the critical question then we take the final one here please so these are inputs don't feel that you immediately have to respond to them but the integrate answers please Lennard Bogue global outwarning I heard Pat Boulin make a very passionate presentation and plea for the work in Sweden by the government and by the delegation for the agenda 2030 what will you and I'm not looking at the minister because she's been part of preparing this but I'm looking at the think tank and the private sector and Jan Contour what will you do to be part of Sweden's combined effort to walk the walk as he said to implement agenda 2030 in Sweden good excellent thank you very much now you know a little bit about the thinking going on in the room after this afternoon and questions that are released to answer so I'm not worried at all Christina if I can move to you and a very open question we have heard about the ambitions from Pat Boulin earlier today also and he also said that you are one of the key ministers in this in this work also looking at more the long term of course you know strategic development what from your perspective looking at your issues are key actions to take in order to move the SDGs into action in Sweden in Sweden and in the whole world there is only one thing that is of absolutely key importance and that is the right governance that you have the governance that build the institutions decide the laws introduce the tax systems and stop the subsidies to the fossil industries and introduce the CO2 taxes and you do all the right things to get the right incentives and right institutions so that we can succeed with the green transformation and at the same time of course we will recognize our industries and create employment and create sustainable welfare cities at the same time because if not if we don't manage this challenge we will never manage to keep our societies healthy and economically sustainable either everything goes together it is integrated and the agenda is transformative and we really must get governance right in the world if you look at Sweden then the responsibility of the government if you say from zero to 100% how far has Sweden come in that transformation? Swedish government has very ambitious agenda we have the goals the goal of becoming one of the first fossil free welfare countries in the world and we have the goal to also within 20 years have 100% fossil free energy system electricity shall be produced by only fossil free methods and nuclear free so it is renewable energy 100% and we also have seven parties behind the goal to achieve in 2045 carbon neutrality so that's a whole party system you could say is behind that goal but of course lots remains to be done I mean the transport system consumption wise we are not achieving very well I mean we are from the protection side we are doing in comparison with other countries quite well but from the consumption side we are one of the criminals in the world we are on number 10 in the world in carbon dioxide emissions coming from Swedish consumption in the world just saying because quite often I hear also internationally if Sweden can't do this who can and all this but what are the main obstacles then in Sweden why don't you just like some companies are saying just do it it's governance again I mean we need to get system of working within government that really has the long term holistic view and have this cross sectorial approach in our decision making and we must do it much quicker we know it and we try but it's a system that is rather slow in changing and we are organised according to a vertical principle but we are talking about the necessity of having horizontal processes and moving fast and well I'm happy for the agenda because the agenda 2030 it gives us this platform and legitimacy to push for these changes in Sweden and also in the world at large so it gives us a reason to interact with the world around us to exchange experiences and views and to help others and get help from others so I am very hopeful that the agenda will play an important and very constructive role in this challenge and very quickly on the question from our colleague from the SCB do we need tougher laws what kind of key actions do we need to take in Sweden is this the way forward as they do in France we need the right rules and legislations so that for instance the transport system will transform rapidly enough and we need to adjust of course together with the rest of the world how the tax system is constructed we need to have changes the tax system will support the green transformation and also a more employment friendly economy so there's a lot of systemic changes that need to take place maybe come back a little bit later but you're working across the entire government it would be interesting to get your insights if you have ministers who are more or less working with or against you maybe come back to that a little bit later, I don't know how much you want to share with us on this but anyway Eva Lix talking about transformative changes and also in terms of what are you going to do about it you are coming from an industry in Sweden which not always have been seen as being a front runner we've had a pleasure to work together with you over the last almost two years more or less and now you have suddenly a industry which is really trying to move very fast in a way what was the trigger for that how did you manage Eva is it working? I think we get tired of being the bad, the ugly and the elephant in the room because the thing in the industry the steel industry is not known for saying yes the steel industry is known for saying no we don't want that we don't want this instead of being a no sayer start to say what do we want and what do we need from the society what do we need from the government to make this happen we didn't have the sustainable development goal at that time but 2013 we did a vision for us called steel shapes a better future and steel is really necessary for the society you don't know how much steel we are using every year it's 1.5 billion tons of steel every year today and that is before all the STDs is fulfilled if we take the people out of poverty we will need more steel or if we use Swedish steel we will need less because it's much more efficient but that's for the commercial but anyway we started to five years ago actually to think we have to tell what we want to do and we have to try to attract people to help us to do what we want and that's why this actually is for 2050 so steel shapes a better future to 2050 and it's quite easy commitments in that the first one is very necessary we have to lead the technology development to be able to stay in Sweden because it's expensive to be here but if we are doing qualified steel then we can stay here so we always have to lead the technical development the other one is to attract the most clever the most competent people to our sector who wants to work in the steel industry we are the elephant, the ugly and the bad so we have to tell the story that steel shapes a better future and steel is necessary 2050 also because we want will means, we want railways we want bridges and houses but then the last ultimate commitment that was really really strong from our CEOs it's the CEOs in the steel company so have these three commitments it says that we should have all our output brings value to the society all output that means not only the steel we should have all the outputs that brings value to the society it means no waste no emissions to air and water and no CO2 and that's really a challenge for the biggest sector in Sweden to say well we try to solve this we won't have any CO2 emissions and this project and this vision and the project we have together with you have started this actually taking actions on this and maybe I should come back to that later maybe come back a little bit we have talked a lot about consumption these kind of things we haven't talked so much about behavioural change and here you are talking about a complete sector who changed their behaviour to a certain extent I mean I met these steel CEOs they are a bunch of guys really how do you make them move from as you said we don't want to touch this to actually really believing in this and dare to take these steps forward the thing is that in the sector when we are meeting each other we know what Swedish steel is it's really high quality steel making a lot of changes when you use it it's lighter, it's thinner so when we use it we are sure that the CO2 emissions will be lower and the process in Sweden are more environmental friendly than the other one but we only tell each other that and then we decided maybe we should talk to others and tell the story because that's about storytelling isn't it and the power of this vision and the three commitments especially the ones that we should only have products that is valuable for the society that was really starting this process for the CEOs but also for the employed people in the sector but anyway I mean you talk about 2050 and this takes me really directly to Mathias because in his interview when he became this extremely powerful person or selected this person he said any coward could set ambitious targets 2045 ok, can I have a comment on that? I don't want to be coward but I want to hear his what did you mean by that because he came very late in the article and suddenly was just there and they did explain it so now explain it to us what do you mean by that you know at the time I thought I was being provocative but then it turned out I was just predicting the future because what we have is seven parties yeah we're being super resource efficient here we're four persons sharing glass, how about that but because then we had seven parties saying 2045 Sweden is going to be fossil independent and then that sort of ambition and that guys angles who are really tough it evaporates into thin air when we see that they're very soon going to deliver they're going to deliver the 2030 targets we know and we're trying to push them as much as we can and we need help from each and every one of you but we know that they're not even going to suggest it seems a fossil independent transport sector that seven parties have agreed on before so we see that yes everyone can be tough 2045, 2050 but only the real tough guys and girls who are made of steel can be tough also on the intermediate targets and that's what we need because we can't as much as I believe in the catch up effect we can't be fundamentalist in believing that the catch up effect is going to fix everything and that's not going to be possible since you are so excited when the steel industry is excited what is it that you want to I just want to say something about this investments because it's about business where are the business box and for steel sector we do an investment in furnaces that may be prolonged for 50, 60 years and this investment is done for a blast furnace that is the one who is making the CO2 emissions and until 2050 there is only one switch of new technology we can't do a lot of different steps so that's why to have this from now on until 2050 that we can have one one shot we have to decide should we have a hydrogen furnaces or should we continue with a blast furnace and CCS that's why we are not cowards we are realistic here realistic by the way I've been talking about thin air going up in thin air and so on as you said we had a very ambitious targets about the 2030 fossil free transport sector you have a lot of really insights into the transport sector at least what I hear we sell more fossil cars than ever before or more or less why is this happening what is your assessment of this Christina is a wise person and she's absolutely right that it's all about policy so we got seven parties that agree in theory that this should happen but when I go to the bank and say here I want to borrow some money here and ask plan the biodiesel plant electricity for heavy duty transport they say okay what is how are you sure that this is going to be lucrative and then I say well seven parties agree and then they say show me the legislation and I say well they didn't actually do that so we don't get any investment and we know that oil is cheaper than ever before and we see now that the reduction of CO2 emissions in Sweden is not what it used to be we are lagging when we need to show leadership in the exact time when we signed Paris and now we've got to move into ratification and move into actually doing things Sweden that we're saying we're going to be the first country doing this the first country doing that and that's also really the only way Sweden can make sense as a small country things that we do they don't matter unless we do them so well that other countries say hey we want to learn from Sweden we should be sort of the global help desk for other countries so stuff that you're doing at the SEI we should start with one sector because we can't be best in all sectors really we can't and the transport sector is the most historical for us because we've got very many very important transport sector initiatives and companies and when we do that others will say hey if Sweden can we can too but if we lose momentum now the whole world will lose momentum but we learned in SEI Swedes do not have all the answers so we have 55 nationalities in SEI now but Anna if I can move over to you I mean in your company it's a family owned company which means that basically you can do whatever you want you don't need to wait for the stock market or banks whatever but you're also I mean what is interesting you are quite provocative in terms of discussing sustainability and you think if I understand you correctly that we are thinking far too much in linear thinking and so can you tell us a little bit about how you have made this transition in the company and you are still very profitable yes I was I'm going to connect that answer also to the gentleman over here who asked what are we doing I would say that we are working in three areas one of which is what you're alluding to the rebuilding of the way we provide for ourselves and here is what I would call the biggest elephant in the room and incoherence problem with the agenda 2030 goals and that is the issue of economic growth and the fact that so much of what we have already built just as you exemplified is unsustainable it is putting us over dangerous thresholds and that means that we also need to talk about degrowth we need to talk about closing things down and three areas we're working with in terms of the first as I told you rebuild the way we provide for ourselves being part of the fifth generation at the helm of Sweden's third largest bakery we were lucky to inherit electricity driven factory so just three bakeries and we could decide to invest 150 plus million kronor in building for wind turbines which now provide as much electricity to the Swedish electricity net as we need for the bakeries so that was one of the four goals that we have put for 2022 Matias I'm not calling you a coward Well thanks and we check on that renewable energy we reached the finishing line in February last year now we have three more areas to go transportation we want to be renewably powered we have plastics you know the bags we put our bread in which is fossil based obviously plastic is and thirdly the biggest problem for the entire civilization which is the food supply agriculture even though bread is among the best things you can eat in terms of climate and environment we found that our biggest impact is in the from the wheat and things that we use to make the bread and here we have a linear problem because so much of the wealth and prosperity that we enjoy in the world is based on cheap food and this cheap food is in turn based on a linear production system and we talked too far too little about this we need to make agriculture circular again and this will mean that it is not probably not going to be this cheap and we also need to connect many sectors like for instance we are 350 people or more of the Sweden how can we have sustainable sourced wheat if we have infrastructure which is built on linear use of nutrition, nutrients what about sewage what about putting the nature and phosphorus back back again on the soils and things like that so we need to co-operate the most sectors actually and politicians will be a huge part how can we legislate to support the transition it's a big question the other two areas that we work in is networking and public affairs trying to speak to all of you and telling you about the lessons we've learned we have this network of businesses that work according to the frame conditions of the natural step how many in this room know about the natural step and the frame conditions 40% perhaps that's good we have a network of businesses that work according to this and we have made a call for future fit governance which is saying basically that we can already be profitable and moving strategically to full sustainability because we can use this process based on science and we know what full sustainability is but the transition is too slow and we need to have more support from in order to be fast enough legislation and the rules of the game somebody talked about the rules of the game obviously the economic rules of the game are not coherent they are consistent with sustainable resource management otherwise we wouldn't be in this mess so these things is something that we're trying to work to put the light on how do we change the rules of the game and there are also this struggle going on like the t-tip which is threatening to move in the wrong direction because if we have good legislation in Sweden and then we get sued by multinational corporate actor that finds that she needs a new mic and the third one is that we need, we live in a story keep it short because okay we live in a story we need to change the story so I'm also working in trying to be part of this new story and as your keynote speaker said arts and humanities I wrote a novel about it yes that's good so you can read a book if you already have the full story exactly but Christina if I can move back to you I ask you a nasty question but I will soften it but of course if you want to say who are difficult that's okay in terms of the ministries as you said we are working in different silos then you work across the whole how do you motivate different powers you could say in a government to really move in the same direction because okay we talked about policy coherence months talked about policy coherence but we are likely to keep different ministries around for quite some time so how can we work within the system to still move in the same direction how do you motivate that well the prime minister motivates us all by formulating the ambition and also the agenda where we are behind the agenda and this is also something that the whole government must work together to achieve and by the means of following up and also telling the society citizens of Sweden and the outside world by formulating these ambitions we get the pressure we formulate the pressure for ourselves so we motivate ourselves we need to work in a different way agenda 2030 demands a different way of working in Sweden we need to formulate or organize our work more in the sense of horizontal processes my role is not to implement the goals as such that is the finance ministry that will do that and my role is to to investigate and to do the analysis and to show what we must do in order to reach the goals and this I will do together with the other ministries of course and we are organizing it right now we are having meetings with other ministries and talking with them and I have meetings continuously with my colleagues and we will discuss this 15 years is a very very short time and a very ambitious agenda but for Sweden happily enough we have come pretty far in many instances I think we have an important role to work with other countries as well in order to transmit experience transfer experience to them and to help the processes in other countries I just came back from Africa and there is so much we can do together with others and at the same time change our ways of transporting ourselves so that we reach the goal of 2030 with the fossil free transport system as well What do you say Mattias? Do you think also what Christina is saying that okay we are now assessing how we are set up and we need to change to adapt or to be able to address the agenda 23 is this realistic you think? I think it is and I totally concur with what Christina is saying but I took note when our beloved Prime Minister Levee was signing the 23 agreement the development goals then he immediately said Sweden's focus is access to clean water in developing countries and for me that's a no no no first of all we cannot allow to focus on just one of these goals that's not allowed second of all it's not just for developing countries it's for our countries third of all it's not for the Prime Ministers to decide which targets are focused we should decide that together so I concur with you but your Prime Minister has a different agenda I'm sad, please do that good If I can move back to you I mean I know you are burning to say something about now taking this forward because okay we are hearing that even in the government of course that this agenda will shape things and you know probably two years from now we will go from I don't know how many ministries maybe three only can we complete transformation in this it's going to look so much forward to that anyway but what about the steel industry then okay you've had this process again a major sector what kind of actions have you proposed there more investigations or real action this working now perfect I have two microphones now so I will talk for ages now I have to make a little bit things a little bit more complicated for government maybe the steel industry SSAB is prepared to do steel without having any CO2 emission at all instead of using a blast furnace and coke they will use another furnace and hydrogen and then we get steel and water from the process steel and water only and that is LQAB that's the mining company SSAB that's the steel company and it's a state owned energy company launch we know what the fun is I didn't know if I should say it but anyway this is for me private company works together with two state owned companies trying to solve this issue because if we want to change the process making steel and water we need so much more electricity today we use 5 terawatts electricity for the blast furnace and the coke if we should do this we need 20 terawatts and we are happy to do this transformation doing the investments in the furnace but this is a big big but the state and the government needs to be prepared to invest huge amount of how to collect sunshine to hydrogen how to do the electrolytes how to storage and how to use and how and there is lots of questions research and if we are agreeing on the agenda 20 development I don't know I don't know anymore they changed name but anyway if we are agreeing that we should take people out of poverty and we shouldn't have any CUT emissions then we have to decide what to do and this is a way forward but we have to agree upon that this is the Swedish way forward together the public and the private sector together and again SSA, BL, QAB and Wattenfall is prepared to do investments but there is a lot of infrastructure investments to be done and if we don't talk about these bigger questions only focusing on one goal and I do agree to Mathias we can't pick one we have to have them all there then we won't succeed but this is really and it's not possible to do until 2030 because it's a lot of investments so it's 2045 for us both Anna and Eva are saying that we need to really have partnerships you can do a lot of things within the private sector you also talk about transformation really basically you are also talking about transformation so Christina before I go to you Mathias because I know you want to comment on this but Christina is that a key role of the government to really listen in now and be prepared to make major infrastructure investments and so on and where will the money come from? well there is no shortage of money good alright only it's only the minister of finance who says but in the private sector you have a lot of money in the private sector you have to find the ways and means to channel the private sector capital in the private market capital markets to sustainable goals to development for the society and that is a big big challenge that we are working on but do you have an idea there as we said earlier there is a development taking place there is an interest within the financial institutions to get involved in the green bonds to change the way they work to disinvest and we should interact with this, Per Boulund and I we have both contributed to role in the G20 finance group for green finance and the G20 has another study group that is about climate finance so there is a growing interest in the world as a whole for participating in a change, in this change the only big problem is the speed that we need to move much more rapidly but when the market sense that there is the future is different, the future is green then it will adapt quicker but we need to have the right incentives at place and I feel that there is what we must do is of course to have partnerships we must work for the business with the industry, we must have joint research and innovation programs and we must have a dialogue all the time in order to achieve these goals Excellent, thank you very much I hope you all tweeted also that the Swedish government that's great If some of us believe that some people might think that there is a shortage of money then I think it might make sense to spend that money wisely and then I totally concur with Eva that the way the government is currently spending its climate money is efficient in terms of the maximum number of press releases we can get for every million dollars because we want to give you a little bit and you a little bit and you a little bit so that every municipality can have a few lots stored by charging points for electric cars but if you really want to make a change something that makes other countries look and something that can really mean that Sweden as a small country does define something then we need to say we are going to go all in in a few select sectors I said transport, she says the steel industry, I think those might be the two where we can really make a difference but to put it a little bit everywhere means we are never going to be the global leader that is the only point for us to do anything in climate there is too much dirt economy too much dirt and too much focus on those damn press releases but what do you think we should do about it then how can we believe it is done and over focus on a few issues the way we can really make a change say ok steel that's the thing and say we got a seven party agreement on a fossil independent transport sector let's go to legislation and let's give the right incentives back cost what we need to do to actually get there but in the industry may I just comment there is 12 industries in Sweden 12 industries in Sweden that account for 70% of all the emissions from the industry and the industry accounts for something like 20 up to 20% keep picking up to 20% of the total emissions of Sweden so it's 12 companies actually that we need to address and worked with in order to reduce emissions from the industry that's my argument stop doing stupid things that climate leave it and focus on those Anna I'm not sure I agree with you Matias mostly but one thing I don't think we should choose just a few things and leave the other things by because we will need sustainable food supply will be very crucial I think that when these sectors become tighter I think we will realise the role that food plays in health peace and orderness orderly policy making or climate and also refugees streams and things like that but I would say one thing we can go ahead and do which would be my dream to get the governance right and make the rules of the game because the answer is to tap into market power if we would have a true market economy which we do not have today market forces would help us if we have true cost pricing we would not be able to spend our money on unnecessary very environmentally stupid things because they would be quite expensive we would re-arrange the way we prioritise and live so I think until we have true cost pricing we can do many other things but we won't succeed A final comment then because we all aspire to become the most environmental powerful person of the year don't we Matias I mean this is such a you know if you would you know become that next year what would you have done by the end of this year what would be your primary action that you would take and that next year would say that okay you know you will be selected what would be your own action how what I can do that can make me earn that title yes a global TV series on my novel that make people understand what's at stake that's good Eva what would you do what would you have achieved what I have achieved what would you have achieved another microphone no I think the most important thing is to be totally transparent what you want to do if you are transparent what you want to do with your long term ambitions what you want to achieve then you also attract a lot of people that you can talk with and develop new ideas and I think that's really necessary to be transparent instead of sitting on your own room thinking on your own you have to think together like this that's why we work together with SCI for one year and almost two to discuss this very very important and complex issues so I think this transparency be totally open what you want to achieve and then collect the cleverest brains most clever brains that was a compliment for SCI I'm not involved in the project as you can hear Christina what are you saying also politicians are on this list yeah sure well I think I would like to focus on the partnership with business with Swedish business and Swedish business is not only important for what we are doing in Sweden it's important for what is happening in other countries because we are so sport-oriented we are important in Africa Ericsson, Skania, Volvo, ABB they are all there and they are important for what they are doing partnership with business and strong partnership for achieving the goals and being not only national but cosmopolitan international Emma Tia I should also be a bit honest about the fact that it's not actually the most powerful environmental person so it's broader than that so when I was elected that I think people verge between disappointment and despair they thought well we are in trouble if that guy is the most powerful that's how I felt too we were up there together and people are super disappointed but then after a while they realize if these guys can do it and I think that's a really powerful message and that also goes to Lena's question that I haven't answered until now that the sustainability goal number 17 is that in order to fix the other 16 we need to work much better together I think think tanks, policy the elephant moving out of the room and interaction and bakeries I think we are doing something wonderful here together and that's by far the most important goal of those 17 for me that's great and you know I gave it to you because you were still elected this year so even then that came before even a minister getting the final vote Christina if you don't have one no I'm fine we see the wine from here so we're all fine no but that's a perfect quote from the politician I'm fine anyway we have been running over time a little bit here and you know people started to sense the smell from behind where there's stuff on the bar counter there I want to give you a gift from SCI it's actually very sustainable to be honest and thank you very much with a very warm applause ddaka ddaka and then I would like to hand over to Rob and what I would like to do this is a bit of a cool so this whole afternoon has to be organised by Rob and his team from the communication SCI it's an extraordinary team of people can we give them an applause as well the whole team ddaka ddaka so I get a chance well actually I'm in a very dangerous position here because I'm the one that's standing between you and refreshments so I'm going to do three things first I'm going to say thank you then I'm going to tell you where you can get your refreshments and then I'm going to say a couple of words just to round us all off so first I'm going to say thank you and I'm going to say thank you to three groups of people first of all I'd like to say a very big thank you to all our speakers and panellists and also thank you to your commitment all your ideas that you shared with us it's been an honour to work with you in SCI to develop your stories and it's been great to hear from such a broad range of inspirational speakers so thank you to them first of all secondly I'd like to thank a few special people who without whom this couldn't have taken place and I'm going to start by saying thank you to Annalise and then a very warm round of applause. Annalise did all of the organisation for this secondly I'd like to thank Ian who's standing over there and also our webcast team Avenue Product Corn thank you very much and lastly all of our helpers from Menchynbyrgyliet with all the refreshments very grateful to all of your support as well and now you get a chance to applaud yourselves because thank you the audience for coming and for your questions and for showing your support to SCI and also to the implementation of those sustainable development costs thank you for being here I'm not going to tell you that the refreshments are going to be available they are here behind you on the bar they are also upstairs and just see that the sun is trying to come through weekly through the clouds and if you want to get a breath of fresh air there's also some refreshments out in the lobby area where you came in so you've got a chance to grab a bit of fresh air there as well so just to finish off I showed you a picture of the flea earlier on and I think it's fair to say that through a lot of these presentations you can see that details really do matter and really what SCI has been able to present here is just a snapshot of all of our work you can find some more about what we do from our publications displayed over on the right hand side here you can go to our website, you can follow us on Twitter please do so and it's fair to say when you do that you'll find that we aren't just about the academic research we're also about engaging with solutions and I want to tell you a little very quick story about something that happened yesterday I think it was one of our researchers was presenting his work it's on sustainable sanitation to colleagues at SCI and he asked a question of the audience and he said we know quite a lot about how to close the circle on agriculture and reuse waste how many of you would be happy to eat food produced from human waste from your colleagues 99% of people said they were so we're getting somewhere there I just wanted to also say that there's one thing that came across to me during the course of today which was the word equity coming up over and over again and that is social equity, it's gender equality and of course it's about that goal to do with reducing inequalities and the consequence of that is that we need to do things differently and how do we do that well we heard quite a lot about governance and institutions and finance and in this case I think we can say that coherence requires collaboration and rules and goals for the short and medium term as well as for 2030 or 2050 but it also means maybe research needs to do it a bit differently as well and I think that SCI is already starting that it's starting to be more participatory to co-produce knowledge with the users to be close to things on the ground to understand what those needs really are and the other thing I think research needs to do is it needs to be able to say not only what is the situation now, provide all that analysis but it also needs to describe what could be because it's through the description and the tension between what is and what could be that we can find stories that motivate change and that in the telling of those stories we can have changed the persists thank you very much please enjoy your refreshments