 Thank you very much Sarah and thank you everyone for being here today. We are going to basically try to understand what do we mean when we talk about displacement economies. When we talk about displacement economies we are referring to those economies that are understood as a collective economy created by refugees and IDPs through their livelihood activities, enterprises, need for services and for consumption and also through their mutual support and diaspora inputs. Briefly through the objectives of World Package 2 that leads with displacement economies we want to specifically understand what do displaced people and refugees mean when they talk about self-reliance, which are the components, the main components of livelihoods and which are the perspectives on their economies. Secondly we want to analyze the difference between urban and camp settings in terms of livelihoods and entrepreneurial capacity. Third we would like to assess the economic and social contributions of displaced economies and displaced people to the host societies and surrounding camp areas. Then we also want to address the gap in knowledge that we understand that the sis between about the barriers and enablers of self-reliance and productive livelihoods and finally we need to explore the role the municipal authorities and local actors like local enterprises for instance should play in fostering self-reliance and the productive livelihoods of displaced people. When we were through the literature we were able to make some findings and also to reflect on some of the gaps some of the information that is still missing. About displacement economies we could understand that it's mostly shaped by regulations both formal and informal both legislations for instance and social norms that dictates or to some extent are able to limit the options that are available to these displaced people. Also there is an important contribution of demographics in terms of gender age but also ethnicity that which determine the type of options that are available to this place to internally displaced and refugee people. Also location has something to say about the extent of displacement economies and how these evolve. It's not the same being in a camp or being in a city and the options that are available in every setting. Apart from that age and the type of assistance and programming that supports displaced people has a direct impact on the decisions they made about around livelihoods and their outcomes but not so much the opposite. We must say that sometimes eight programs are not so tailored to actually the actual capacities of displaced people. Following with the network social capital has a central role to play in the definition of livelihood strategies and connections seems to be essential to access information employment and business opportunities but also financial support and training options for people in displacement. And also finally I'm losing I'm forgetting about this important point we want to make our point about time not only time spending displacement when we talk about protractedness but also the time that people has been living either in camps or in cities and also the way they experience time and how they see themselves staying for a long period whether in camps or in cities or they see themselves in those places just for a while and maybe that's going to have an effect on the way they understand the livelihoods and the economic contributions to the to the societies that host them. We have tried to make a review about the sustainable livelihood framework considering it's been stensily used and widely used also to understand forced displacement but also to mostly to understand development. When we review the sustainable livelihood framework we understand this is a relevant tool and that still can be used and should be used but we consider that some of the analysis and mostly the ones that have been taken place in urban settings are mostly genderblind and often undervalued and paid and reproductive work. They also offer a limited information about livelihood pathways it means how work trajectories and displacement journeys have an effect on the likelihoods of displaced people and their capacity to start their own business. About displacement economies as I previously said we understand this as a collective rather than individual endeavors and finally when we think about the gaps on the literature we've seen that there's a need to research further on the interaction between the space and host economies. We need to go beyond interaction in the labor market and we have to make emphasis on the connections they have with the countries of origin but also the connections that they are able to build or the interaction with municipal authorities. There's also a gap in research on the economic pathways as I was explaining before. What we refer to when we talk about economic pathways is the combination of time and experience and how this affects people options and the choices they made about their economic opportunities. There is also a gap on transponder economies and how people actually use their connections with the countries of origin and also with other important economic hubs that they have access to. There's not much written on this sense about what displaced people actually do in terms of transponder trade and finally there's not so much there's a lot written about the boredom not so much written about the positive contribution that these place people actually do or have to offer in terms in economic terms but also in social and cultural terms. So this is the diagram that we were able to elaborate from Cardiff after doing the literature review and putting in common what we've learned from the livelihoods approach and its outcomes. You can see in this diagram two different levels of analysis. The first row refers to individual and household livelihoods and it reflects about livelihoods. You can see there's this gray first gray box that talks about the context when we take into consideration the socks and hazards but also the policies and institutions that affect the life of displaced people and finally the type of economy and the type of society and the constraints this may put into the different other components of livelihoods and enterprises. So in this first row we can see the Pentagon that I'm sure that you are familiar with of the sustainable livelihoods framework with all the different capitals that all the different assets that belong to refugees and IDPs. These different assets we are not so interested in learning how much of them they have but how actually these assets are being used and combined in order to build economic opportunities and livelihood activities. So the next box you have the livelihood activities that are also shaped by the aspirations but by and by the previous experience of these displaced people and finally we have the outcomes that we don't want to understand outcomes as something particular or of the household or of the individual in terms of income or in terms of personal well-being but also as a contribution they do to their host economies. On the second row you can see what is maybe more innovative of our proposal of our diagram it's what we think about enterprises and how these are actually shaped and built by displaced people. So in the Pentagon we have considered market access access to space and trade networks and legal status how this is transformed into different enterprise activities in terms of the scale and sector but also in the characteristic if people actually build in partnership with host communities their own business or either or doing on their own and the aspirations are how these saved enterprises and finally the productive economies what is the final result of this process in terms of meeting the objectives in terms of revenue for enterprises but also contributing to local economy creating new employment opportunities and increasing consumption. So about the outcomes and the impact we are expecting from our research that we are able to offer a grounded and local understanding of the space people livelihoods and entrepreneurial capacity and how this can actually contribute and to enhance and support municipalities and can be supported by municipalities and international actors but what we need to know from you and that's something Lucy was saying before is how where are the opportunities for international impact and what are the pointers for achieving local impact. Thank you very much for listening and waiting for your inputs.