 Look at this news article from Feb 8th of the Hindu e-paper. This text and context article talks about Uniform Civil Code or UCC. Now suddenly it is a news due to the recent enactment of the UCC in Uttarakhand. The news article given here is actually a republished old article of the Hindu editorial article. So in this news article discussion, let us understand some of the important points given in the article using our main's answer writing discussion. So let me read out the question for you. Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. See this question can be asked in GS paper 2 under the syllabus. Government policy is an intervention for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. See here the only keyword in the question is Discuss. The keyword discuss is given you are expected to examine and analyze various aspects of the topic and it involves presenting different viewpoints, arguments or perspectives related to the given subject. And at the end you have to give a balanced judgment. So this is how we are going to address this particular question. Now moving on to the introduction part. Here you can write that in India each community is governed by its own customs and personal laws relating to marriage, divorce, maintenance, adoption, succession. And inheritance. The idea behind universal civil code is to merge them into a single gender neutral code applicable to all citizens of India. So the UCC in India proposes to replace the personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community in the country with a common set of laws governing every citizen. See this concept of UCC is not something new to our polity even when our constitution was being drafted. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar argued that having a UCC is essential for ensuring fairness and eliminating social evils. He also stressed the importance of a UCC in ensuring gender equality. Besides him other members of the constituent assembly like Aladhi, Krishna Swamyayar and K. M. Munshi they also supported the idea of a UCC. They believed that UCC will unify our society and promote a secular way of life. However due to differences of opinion our consensus could not be reached because of this only UCC was included under article 44 of the Directive Principles in our constitution. So according to article 44 it is the responsibility of the state to enact a UCC that applies to all citizens irrespective of their religious belief or personal laws. Here note that Goa is the only state in the country that currently has a UCC but it was implemented by the Pochi Geese in 1867. Besides that Uttarakhand Assembly passed UCC Bill on 7th February and became India's first state to implement uniform civil code. See these are certain facts relevant to UCC. You can pick these facts and you can carve your own introduction. Now moving on to the main body of the answer. See here in the first part of the answer you are required to write about the need for UCC. And in the second part of the answer you are expected to write about the factors that inhibit India from enacting a UCC. So let's try to answer the first part of the question. See the existence of separate personal laws based on religion or community leads to fragmentation and complexity within the legal system. This complexity can result in confusions and challenges in implementation and enforcement. For example in the Shah Bano case of 1985 a petition was filed in court demanding maintenance from her divorced husband under section 123 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. But the husband said that the demand violates the Muslim personal law Sharia application act 1937. Now even though justice was given to Shah Bano in this particular case a controversy raised about the extent to which courts can interfere in Muslim personal law. So to resolve this issue we require an UCC. Secondly different personal laws may lead to inequalities and discrimination particularly in matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance and adoption. See these law may treat individuals differently based on their religious or cultural affiliations particularly resulting in unequal treatment before the law. For example under Hindu law succession is governed by the Hindu succession act 1956. According to this act in the case of interstate succession here interstate is nothing but a situation where a person dies without leaving a will. In such cases the property of a Hindu male dying interstate devours upon his hires in a specific order including his widow, children and other relatives. On the other hand Islamic law as applied to Muslims in India follows the principles outlined in the Muslim personal law Sharia application act 1937. Under Islamic law succession is governed by Sharia principles which prescribe specific shares for various hires including spouses, children, parents and other relatives. So the distribution of property among hires is based on predetermined share allocated to each category of hires as per Islamic jurisprudence. So here you can see in the same matter of succession how an individual is treated depending upon what religion he or she belongs to. Now thirdly in many cases personal laws may not adequately protect the right of women or uphold the principles of gender equality. For example the Hindu minority and guardianship act 1956 codifies the law regarding the principles of custody and guardianship of a Hindu minor. Section 6 of this particular act appoints father and after him the mother as the natural guardian of a boy and unmarried girl. Here the term father and after him this term portrays that father is the natural guardian of the minor. In addition it is also only when he dies mother could be the natural guardian. See this clause clearly violates the doctrine of equality enshrined in article 15 and 14 of the Indian constitution. So the UCC would help the cause of national integration by removing ideological contradictions. It will ensure just and fair treatment of women from all sections of society and help in the progress of society by realizing the values enshrined in the constitution. It will also reduce overbank politics and help in integration of India as it will be a binding threat across diverse cultural groups. So these are the importance of the UCC. So moving on to the second part of the answer here you have to write about the factors that inhibit India from enacting a UCC. Firstly you can write that to find a common ground between different communities is very difficult. See India has tremendous cultural diversity and the customary practices among communities vary a lot. So it is not easy to carry all people with a commonly accepted code. Secondly there is an apprehension that the uniform civil code may conflict with the fundamental right of freedom of conscience of free profession, practice and propagation of religion. That is article 26 and the freedom to manage religious affairs that is article 25. Thirdly there is opposition from the religious groups. See this is one of the most trivial and obvious hurdles to bring up the UCC. Especially fundamentalism which is deeply rooted in many of the religions in India doesn't seem to vanish even in the 21st century. Fourthly lack of the political will power. See the government should have the will to face the consequences of abolishing the personal laws of the major religions and to convince the people of justice and reform they want to bring to the society to grow better as a nation. Finally the formulation of UCC require much time and human resource and it should be formulated without hurting the feelings of the minorities. That is a false conception that UCC is perceived as the imposition of the Hindu codes and procedures. Now this misconception makes a rational debate on its implementation quite difficult. So you can write these points in the second part of the answer. Now finally coming to the conclusion part you can write that UCC in its true spirit must be brought about by making gradual changes. As recommended by the law commission the focus should be on ending discriminatory practices against women rather than enforcing uniformity. However until that is done the better course would be to bring about small reforms correcting some inherent irrationality in some of the personal laws and make them suitable for modern time. This will lay the foundation of implementing a nationwide UCC at a later date. So you can conclude this question with this positive conclusion. So in this news article discussion we saw in detail about UCC what is the issue with UCC and why UCC is very important and what are the challenges in implementing the UCC.