 Wonderful, Anup. Thank you very much for that excellent discussion. I was relating to practically everything that you said because that is exactly what we are struggling at IIT, those of us who are trying the MOOCs and the flip classroom model. So we don't have traditional videos. Later on in the conference, the Kannan Mautka level present is what called spoken tutorials. It's exactly like 8 to 10 minutes piece with no video of the teacher. And we are trying to intercept the interaction lessons and other things. And you know, Anup, what we found the most difficult thing in preparing that talk, it's not like one-hour talk, but designing the proper set of tests and examples which will force some learning to the student is turning out to be the more difficult part. It's just like we spend enormous amount of time in setting papers, except we do them only for mid-same and end-same now, but we'll have to do it for every hour of whatever. So thank you very much, Anup, and yeah, sorry. You know, one must also take care of the creative common licenses because you use Khan Academy, for example. Khan Academy says that you cannot create a derivative. The movement, somebody bring that derivative into the content, if you know the derivative of Khan Academy content, and that's not allowed. Actually, we are in deep talks with Khan Academy and lots of people. Yeah, permission. Yeah, and I'm saying is, so if you saw one of the bullets I had was modular content with clear rights. Okay, so especially if you look at the government within the content that gets created, there is no reason why you shouldn't have the rights. If you're building circuit simulator and lots of things, you know, there should be clear ownership and rights given to the community to access these, you know, elements and build upon that. So I think we can arrange that. In IIT Bombay, we have taken an in-principle decision that all courses which we'll offer on MOOCs will be open sourced under creative comments by attribution license mostly, but at the most share alike. So these are, yeah, preskincher. I think, yeah, I think, I know. There are lots of questions. Actually, it is not a tradition to ask questions after a keynote address, but we'll make an exception in case of a no. We rarely get him here. Yes. You can do only three of these four, and the four has to be left together. I don't think you can do all the four together with all the constraints put together. That's a great point. That's right. Professor Jain. So most of the discussion, in fact, this is equal to most. The focus is around the fact that it is a passive managed program. There is an alternative model to be talked about, and that is small and private. It is possible. Yes. So let me find a question then. So the question that Professor Jain is asking is that one of the criticisms of MOOCs is the fact that it is massive, and it is open, and it's very hard to sort of say it depersonalizes and this new notion of Spock's small private online courses that are there. And I very much agree in the blended tradition and things, and even MIT and Harvard and everybody will say, you know, you're using it for our own students, too, if they can learn. So part of, again, in the CEMS-Hartena project that I talked about is to make that feasible, what you have to do is you have to lower the costs. One is you have to make it simple so every teacher can offer because everybody doesn't have videographers and everybody continuously doing and updating things, so you want to allow everybody to do. And in fact, a model really is that teachers in K through 12 through colleges will assemble things, teach their own people. Again, it doesn't mean that textbooks, you know, just like textbooks, MOOCs have their place and they will be useful, but Spock's will play a very important role, too, and the right tool sets and services can really help them out. I'm tempted to add that our model of blended MOOCs precisely expands on this, but it is still large-scale. So we have a very definite role for local teachers who will engage these students in a flipped classroom model. The MOOCs course will be offered from IIT Bombay, but local assignment, local evaluation and local interaction will be done by teachers and to make those teachers empowered, IIT Bombay will be training them for two weeks in this model. That's exactly what we're proposing to do as an experiment. So let me invite Jillian Caldicott from British Council to make a few special remarks. Again, I will not spend too much time describing her. She has been working with British Council for 25 years. She has worked in several countries. Syria, Egypt, last was Portugal. Now she's in India. Interestingly, she has also worked in England, in London for some time. All yours. Thank you very much. I'm delighted to be here. I'm very struck by these words, access, scale and quality, and of course, taking into consideration costs because that's exactly the sort of issues that we face in the British Council. We've worked around the world for 80 years and we're present physically in 100 countries and virtually in more than that. Our aim is to build trust and understanding between the people in those countries and the UK. We work mostly, as I'm sure most of you know, in the fields of arts, English and education, helping people to build their dreams, to achieve their aspirations. We're very pleased to be partnering you, particularly the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Planning Commission, IIT Bombay and Microsoft on this conference because we think that the sorts of topics that you're talking about at this conference are key to the way the world will run in the future. And I can only say that increasingly that's how we're working in the digital space and it is our aspiration to, you know, give universal access to achieve scale, at quality and to minimize costs in the way that we work. I'm very pleased to say that Professor Mark Russell is here with us. He accepted our invitation and has come from King's College London and he'll be giving a keynote speech tomorrow morning. So I do hope that you will be coming along to that. One of the things I wanted to emphasize was what we feel are the importance of partnerships and the UK does have experience in this field and we are interested, I'm talking on behalf of the UK here, we are interested in building those relationships, building those partnerships. You have a lot to offer, the UK has a lot to offer and if we work together we can achieve much more. I'm going to talk a little bit about the UK now. There's been amazing expansion of access to higher education as we all know and the UK has achieved this largely by looking at innovation in the digital world. So that's why we feel that there is a lot of sharing that could happen. I'm going to talk about one example that I'm particularly fond of and it's the Open University in the UK and I'm personally an alumni of three universities in the UK and the Open University is one of them. As you probably know, it's the UK's biggest university now, in other words it's achieved that ambition of access to many who didn't have access previously to higher education. It has in fact over half a million students, sorry, quarter of a million students, which in the UK sounds a lot, in India it doesn't, I'm aware of that. I know that your own Open University I believe has around four million students. The Open University has taken on the challenge of providing teacher education here in India and I was at a presentation just very recently this last weekend about this and it was very interesting. They in collaboration are delivering teacher education across seven states in India and that project which is called TESS and is funded by DFID is achieving access to one million and providing access to one million teachers through the seven states using technology and a lot of it is using mobile technology which I think is where we need to go. The Open University of course is no longer an exception in the UK. I think nearly every university in the UK aims to deliver outstanding student experiences using technology to help them achieve their goals and you'll hear more about that from Professor Mark Russell tomorrow about the King's College London experience. The government too in the UK has had a big role to play in supporting academic institutions and I know that that's a very important relationship that you have here in India as well and again it's that sense of partnership and how we work together government education institutions and across international borders achieving those partnerships together we will achieve more. The UK now has its own MOOC platform it's called Future Learn I hope some of you know about it it was fairly recently launched and the British Council in fact is a member and we will be putting our materials on that MOOC platform. There are also 26 of the UK's universities on this platform as well as the British Library with its outstanding and amazing resources and the British Museum. So that together makes an amazing partnership I think but what Future Learn wants to do is to reach out to other countries and to include universities and institutions from other countries as well so I hope that you will consider partnering with Future Learn. They're very keen to get some Indian institutions as partners and Future Learn in fact is owned and managed by the Open University in the UK. Finally I'll just tell you how the British Council in the last couple of years has been actively engaging with IGNU the Planning Commission, MHRD and the EU on programs that raise awareness and build capacity in support of the use of technology in education and we'd like to strengthen that engagement further. So let me just conclude by saying I think this looks like a really exciting conference. I completely you know, sign up to your values and access scale at quality at an affordable price is what we all need. I'm very much looking forward to hearing the outcomes of the conference and I'd like to wish you well. Thank you very much. Thank you, Jill. As usual I think we're getting extended unfortunately we cannot change Anant Agarwal's time because he has another appointment in Australia. So Mr. Pawan Agarwal thankfully agreed to further shift his talk after Anant's talk. Can you connect, Anant? So just to introduce Anant Agarwal like Anup, Anant also has been a great researcher and a professor at MIT like Anup he also jumped into the corporate trade except that he has EDX now as all of you would know Udacity, EDX and Coursera are three prominent groups which are actually offering MOOCs all over the world. He could not come here personally we have by the way a tie up with EDX Professor Devan Khakkar as director set up a committee last year to initiate activities here that committee deliberate upon various possibilities and then finally we signed an MOU with EDX so what we will be doing is the MOOCs courses from IIT Bombay will be offered through EDX for global usage but as I mentioned since EDX is an open source platform and in no small measure that fact was one of the reasons I am going to show you with them we are adopting EDX through the MHRAD support to make that adopted platform available even for local institutions to run SPOC as you say and even for IITs and other places to offer large scale blended MOOCs in India on that platform Anant welcome I already introduced you you have two challenges one is one is that your time has just been reduced to 20 minutes I hope you can do justice without further ado Anant welcome please go ahead all of us can watch it good morning everybody good morning from Canberra in Australia I apologize that I could not be there in person I am here at a Australian education conference I am hoping to give you a quick view of the EDX what you are up to and why you are doing what you are doing what you see here on the screen I am on slide 2 what you see here is not a rock concert so this is not Maradona out there this is actually a classroom believe it or not at the Boba Femi Overload University in Nigeria and we have all heard of distance education but if you look at the people way in the back I would say that is much more like long distance education in large parts of the world in large parts of the world students do not have access to good quality education even in countries such as India and so on a lot of the students graduating still have substantial skills gaps same thing in the US where the cost of education is extraordinarily high so one way or the other there is a real challenge with access to education EDX is a site number 3 EDX is a non profit venture it was founded by Harvard and MIT and we have a 3 part mission the first part of a mission is to expand access to education for everybody in the world so everybody should have a quality education education is an absolute basic human right and we felt doing it as a non profit venture was the right way to do it the second part of a mission is that we want to improve the quality of our education education really hasn't changed a whole lot since the printing press the printing press and textbooks for the last big revolution in education and we really haven't done much so our goal is to see how we can improve campus education at the same time and the third big part of our mission is to do a search using the big data that we are collecting on the EDX platform slide number 4 so one reason why MOOCs and massive open online courses that you see on edx.org and other MOOC providers have really drawn a huge amount of world-wide attention is the sheer numbers when we launched our first course on EDX two years ago this was a course on circuit and electronics with different to the equations and so on as prerequisites one of the hardest courses in MIT and still we had 155 students 1.5 lakh students sign up from 162 countries all over the world this is a big number this number was bigger than the total number of alumni of MIT in its 150 of history 7200 students passed what was a very hard course and 7200 is also a bigger number I would have to teach at MIT for 40 years before I can teach this many students that got a certificate by passing this very hard course EDX over the past two years has been having a good impact around the world today we have gone well past the 1.8 million learner mark we are close to 2 million learners from 196 countries this is every country in the world we partner with some of the best institutions in the world that offer courses on EDX having slide number 6 now we have partnered with universities like MIT Harvard Berkeley from India we have partnered with IIT Bombay and we had discussions with several other top named universities in India like the IIT also in China with Qinghua and Beijing University I'm in Australia visiting two of our partners Australia National University and the University of Queensland all great universities and they offer courses on the EDX platform slide number 7 we started with one course two years ago today we have 150 courses on the platform courses get added weekly and this presentation is a couple weeks old and today we are close to 150 courses on our platform and topics ranging from business, history, law arts, music engineering, sciences computer science, physics, mathematics and public health pretty much every field that you might be interested in and students can take these courses on edx.org for free and they can also get a certificate of the past of course slide number 7 I'm sorry slide number 9 we have been innovating in a number of ways in which students can get a value or get a credential from these courses so students can take these courses with the audit track for free if they want they can also sign up for the honour code track for free for a small fee they can sign up for the verified certificate track so what is the verified certificate track so with more students can take these courses online and the verified certificate track addresses the challenge of verifying and confirming that the student is who they say they are so what we do is when a student signs up for a course we check the students we use a webcam to take the photograph of the student's face and the student also shows their ID we take a picture of the ID and the picture of the ID and the student's face are compared and verified that it is who they say they are the same kind of check is done before any exam or other a major grading event in the course in the past of course to get a verified certificate and edx keeps a copy of the certificate which is digitally signed so if any employer wants to check the certificate they can use a unique uuid that every certificate has attached to it and they can confirm the certificate from edx I'm still in slide 9 we've also been innovating with sequences of courses so we have what is called X series these are sequences of courses so rather than taking one MOOC we launched this in the summer about 7 months ago where students can take a sequence of courses so for example we have a foundation of computer science which is very popular from MIT and if students pass the courses and get verified certificates from the sequence they get an X series certificate so you can think of an X series like a sequence or a program or a discipline or a minor program for example where they can show mastery in a given discipline or a given area of study one of the things that edx did as a non-profit the courses can be taken for free of course but what edx did in addition was he made available a platform as open source this means that anybody can use the edx platform and take it and use the software and set it up themselves since we did that a number of partnerships have developed so for example stanford university was building its own platform now they are collaborating with edx on the open edx platform similarly google was building their own platform called course builder and today google has joined over with edx and the engineering team working with course builder is now continuing to develop and add features to the open edx platform so as one example the google team added instant hangouts to the edx platform so we are really delighted to have partners in google working to further the open source platform many countries have begun to adopt edx's open source platform as well so for example china was one of the first adopters of open edx and jinghua university in partnership with the chinese ministry of education belongs shui tang x shui tang x stands for school x and they form a consortium of universities in china and they're offering courses in the mandarin language using open edx france did the same thing to launch france university ennumerique or fun and you can see that here as well where they launched a french national platform for french courses using open edx similarly queen rania of the queen rania foundation in the middle east launched edrock edrock in arabic means school using open edx as well and the adoption of edx all over the world japan launched jbook a couple of weeks ago which is a japan national platform using open edx and a number of other countries are in discussions with edx and we'll see another half a dozen to a dozen of these happening within the next several months many other foundations do the same thing so the world economic forum partnered with edx these are the davos people and they launched forum academy and so you can go to forum academy and you can take courses from the world economic forum also using the edx platform among slide number 11 now let me move on to slide number 12 what does an edx course look like these are mooks online courses so what do they look like what you see is a course from berkeley on artificial intelligence we replace in these online courses and mooks replace the lecture the one hour lecture with what are called learning sequences and you see the user interface element the little stripe at the top of the screen showing the learning sequence so learning sequence is an interleaving of a sequence of short videos with interactive exercises these videos can be salman khan style videos they can be recordings in a studio with a number of other techniques and then we interleave them with interactive exercises so that this kind of learning promotes a new kind of learning called active learning where when you engage the student after you give them some information many studies have shown please advance the slide slide number 12 but just please advance it there's a very famous paper by krek and lockhart that shows that learning outcomes will improve students are able to process the information with exercises interleaved with content like videos or reading text and things like that so this is a very important way in which learning outcomes and the quality of learning can be improved as well slide number 13 so here you will see an example of a student watching a video this is a khan style video and so here students are able to press a pause button they can rewind and so students can pace themselves and again a very famous study by mayor showed that if students can self pace and be flexible in how they pace themselves they will also do better than have a one size fits all in a classroom setting let's move to slide number 14 so one question we are asked is how do you grade the students if you have 100,000 students taking a MOOC and I encourage you all to go to edx.org and IIT Bombay has launched several MOOC courses so professor Deepak Arun Deepak Phatak for example has launched a computer science MOOC and there are a couple of other MOOCs from IIT Bombay as well I encourage you to go and sign up and very soon as they start you will see what they look like so one of the things when you have large number of students taking these courses how do you grade these courses how do you grade the students so you have to use computer technology to do that and I'll show you a quick little video so the edx platform has grading technology to grade many many different kinds of assessments we can grade equations, we can grade matrices we can grade of course we can do things like simple text and image responses and so on we also have experimental technology that can grade essays essay grading can be done by peer grading, self grading or with artificial intelligence using machine learning technology so here I'll show you a little video on an automatic grading of chemical equations so please advance to the next slide slide number 15 if you can advance it I hope you see the video here and you see a little video showing students writing a chemical equation and they get it wrong, they get a red check, a red X mark and they get it right, they get a green check mark when the green check mark has become a cult symbol at edx where students are telling us that sometimes they go to bed at night dreaming of this green check mark this instant feedback in the learning process is also known to improve learning outcomes where rather than waiting two weeks to get the homework assignment back you are able to get instant feedback and you can learn and revisit your answers and try to improve on what you have done slide number 16 the instant feedback and the green check mark on edx has reached meme status on the web and we were really delighted our engineering team realized we've arrived when suddenly we found this green check mark meme on the web when you get the green check mark for all your answers on the first attempt and this is slide number 16 so this green check mark has achieved cult status on the web slide number 17 on the edx platform we also are investing in a lot of other technologies people say how do you do labs so we use virtual labs and simulation technology to do all kinds of laboratories for gene sequences for chemistry, for biology and so on so here I'll give you a quick little example of a virtual lab for a course on the science of cooking from Harvard and so here it brings in gamification technology and really engages the student please advance to the next slide and here you will see that a student is able to select some kind of thing to cook like a piece of tuna or a piece of steak and they can set the thickness they can decide how many minutes to cook on either side and through simulation they get to see a temperature profile a temperature gradient and how it's cooked and so on and the whole thing done via simulation so let's advance to the next slide this slide it doesn't have a slide number on it but it says improving on campus education preliminary findings so on this slide one of the things we do on edX as I said is not only improving access to students that are from the world but we also want to improve on campus learning and so a number of our courses are also being used in campus settings where the professor is using the course as a new age textbook many of our existing university partners are using it on their own campuses at the same time many other universities are also using this course so for example the San Jose State University used the circuits course on edX and taught a campus course where the students would watch the this is a blended course also called the flipped classroom they would watch the videos and do the interactive exercises before they came to the class and in class as you see here they would be engaging group discussions and ask questions of the professor and also do many quizzes in the class and the results were surprisingly amazing traditionally this course had a 40 to 41 percent failure rate at San Jose and in this experimental course where students were randomly selected into this class the failure rate fell down to 9 percent and then San Jose State repeated the experiment again in spring of 2013 and then again in fall of 2013 three times with the very good results and now how this experiment has been conducted with edX in a partnership across the entire California State University system in about half a dozen campuses we're also working with community colleges where we're using courses from edX and this is the next slide with a blended learning pilot on it and here a number of students can be seen in the community college this is Bunker Hill Community College and in the back you see professor Jamie LaRue using a blended class with her students and again the very good results when in this case a computer science course from MIT was used to create a blended class at a community college in Massachusetts next slide the slide number 21 one of the questions we asked is when a professor uses a blended class and uses course content from another university there's a lot of worry among professors you know and the press has been talking about look are you going to replay as professors I challenged the press and I challenged the people who bring this up to say just talk to the professors doing this so if you talk to professor Jamie LaRue who is an assistant professor at Bunker Hill Community College she says that her presence in the classroom with the students was critical that she said that her students would never have gotten through the course without her interactive help and teaching in the blended format and today blended learning is not going to replace professors it is going to provide new tools for professors to make the quality of learning much much better I would propose that MOOCs can normally offer expanded access to students in India so for example on edX we have about 2 million students all around the world and 13% of the students come from India in other words from India we have about 2.5 lakh students from India alone on our platform in the same way many universities and colleges that are not able to find good professors and so on can use these MOOCs on campus in a blended model in what is called a SPOC or small private online course where you use this blended course I use a MOOC content like a textbook like a new age textbook in your class and blend the classroom and that can really really improve learning outcomes as we saw in the examples from San Jose and the community college next slide this one talks about on campus use at MIT so a number of our university partners are going heavily into blended learning so at MIT for example half the undergraduate students today are using the edX platform in various forms of blended learning 23 classes on campus are already using it and this just started about a year and a half ago and the results have been very promising so for example Professor Michael Seema blended the classroom with an introductory solid state chemistry course and about 400 students taken and at MIT in the fifth week of the class students are sent a warning letter if they are not doing very well two years ago 50 warning letters were sent one year ago and this time around in the blended class only two warning letters were sent out so whether it's San Jose State or Bunker Hill Community College or MIT blended learning seems to be very promising to improve campus education as well both through their engagement with the millennial generation of students and also through the technologies that I discussed earlier so here as you see a blended class at Chinghua in China so China is moving very very rapidly in this area as I said they've adopted the Open edX platform across the entire to create a national platform using Open edX and they are also blending the classroom so Chinghua is a partner just like IIT Bombay and here you see a blended learning class on their campus with a replacing seeds in a row with these learning similar desks for learning with the blackboards all around the classroom finally slide number 24 next slide please so this is the Chinghua classroom with the please go back one slide this is the Chinghua classroom where you see the whole classroom has been changed and many universities are doing the same thing I was at the University of Queensland yesterday and there again many of the classrooms have been changed into these blended classes where you replace long desks with circular can sit down in small groups this is my last slide and the last slide slide number 24 slide number 24 I want to talk about research very briefly so on edX we are gathering all kinds of data in terms of how students learn and I like to think of it as a particle accelerator for learning learning big data and getting this big data for learning we can do these studies using the big data and just want to give you a quick example of one study done by Philip Gouau across a number of courses so on the X axis and his question was how long should videos be now you may think that videos should be as long as a lecture one hour but he plotted various videos of length from 3 minutes to 40 minutes on the X axis and the Y axis he plotted the student engagement what is amazing is that he found that the maximal engagement this is the amount of time students spent watching the video of a given length and he found that 6 minute videos were the most popular they were watched for all of 6 minutes as videos got longer than 6 minutes and began to reach 40 minutes for a 40 minute video student engagement was less than 3 minutes so really it decayed as videos got longer and longer so we can do these kind of studies and then really enhance learning for our students so let me stop here and thank you all for giving me an opportunity to discuss learning and how we can improve learning both on campus and also increase the access to learning through move platforms such as edX.org thank you very much wonderful task apparently your observation that students watch videos only for 6 minutes and longer videos only for 2 minutes has been a common experience for those colleagues who use Grip Classroom here as well as that is what I know society LXKM ok thank you very much Anand we look forward to your other visit to IIT Bombay we are actually back to the original schedule in some sense which was changed so may I request my friend Pawan Agarwal to deliver his talk again I will use only a 30 second snippet Pawan is a senior bureaucrat but is an extremely passionate thinker education has been his mainstay of thinking curiously an activity which mostly academicians do he has written a book it is quite popular and very well written about his vision of the higher education if Mr Praveen Prakash executes huge projects in the country with the help of academicians around he is the one who conceives most of them to begin with in the planning commission and of course very kindly makes money available for implementation so Pawan all yours thank you professor Phatak I think I have been pushed down the two brackets being pushed down yes we take care of brackets so first of all welcome you all to this conference on behalf of the government of India the planning commission and the ministry of HRD and thank you professor for cuckold for hosting us here today at a very very short notice and for professor Phatak for organizing this conference along with you know I think it was a decision taken I think a month ago three weeks ago but I think really appreciate I think we can pat ourselves in the back for the right decision taken as professor Phatak mentioned we in the planning commission we do the dreaming part of it the execution is left to provide and Phatak and all of you and when you are pushed down and some very thoughtful people have spoken before you it often happens that what you intend to say has already been said so a lot of it has been said and it makes me more confident about my conclusion that as we move forward the biggest breakthroughs in use of technology at scale will come from India you know while China I think Anand mentioned about China making rapid progress but they have a language problem and we must recognize that it is not so easy to address the language problem that China has but much of India's higher education is in English and therefore we stand a huge advantage as far as that is concerned we all now recognize from the presentations in the key notes in the fore known that the higher education globally is at the cusp of change and in the transformation that we see the digital transformation of higher education that is expected to take place and it is in at the initial stage of transformation will really make higher education very different enterprise as we move forward what I present to you here is an Indian narrative of the transformation we have done rather well as far as higher education is concerned I think you can see the numbers for yourselves these are huge numbers the rapid expansion that India's higher education system has gone through in the recent years 5000 more students every single day 9 new institutions coming up every single day for the last few years and our enrollments are at 22-23% and how one calculates gross enrollment ratio Prof. Mantha is laughing at us so we keep contesting that but we are doing reasonably well as far as gross enrollment ratios are concerned considering the stage of development which India is India overtook in terms of absolute enrollment US in 2010 so we are the second largest system of higher education in the world just following China but yes acute shortages of teachers and which is quite expected when you expand very rapidly the pipeline for creation of faculty so it will happen only gradually so there is a huge shortage of faculty declining per student expanding all this has resulted in you know rapidly declining standards of higher education which all of us sitting in this room do agree I think it has been stated variously by the honorable ministers by the national knowledge commission about the crisis that the India's higher education sector faces we continue to face problem of ability to attract talent in teaching profession I think the IT sector and we can see in this room many young people who left teaching profession and joined the IT sector so the bright people have joining the corporate sector but fortunately many of those corporates are now working in the education space which is good you know and therefore in this conference we made it a point that we do get participation from that corporate sector which is creating which is very very vibrant in India affiliating college system which was devised hundred and sixty years ago that continues to be the main organizational model of higher education in the country we have limited student choice because of our system is highly fragmented very small institutions when you talk about colleges you will have just 20 30 faculty so you cannot offer too many courses to much of our student numbers except in IIT the concept of electives is very rare in the Indian education system and then despite a large and expanding system of higher education we have continued pressure to expand access so what do we know you know I think countries higher education requires some innovative solutions desperately needing an innovative solutions if you want to move forward now this is I think a quote given you gave this quote this is Thomas Friedman in 2012 the big breakthroughs happen when what suddenly possible means what is desperately necessary what is desperately necessary in the country innovation in the higher education space and let me come to professor Kinshah we have been in the planning commission thinking about this issue of how does one address simultaneously issues of access cost and quality or scale and I think this is the only way forward the technology does offer us if we use it effectively a way forward to address these challenges together and what is there in the technology space connectivity you heard professor Raghavan you know that sudden you know that impromptu meeting with him a decade ago gave birth to professor Raghavan's national knowledge network which can beat Anand Thakriwal's presentation that we just saw I think the quality of that presentation so we have the technology we have the connectivity in place and much larger number of institutions are going to be connected as we move forward in terms of access devices you all of you got in your bags and better version of Akash is in the offing and I personally was very very impressed my child my son 11 years son he spends 5 hours every day playing games on that so this is a problem but so Akash is a wonderful device it can basically change the paradigm of higher education the system and there are many such innovations in the country content we started national program and technology enhanced learning technology madras and I think we have a large volume of content available at least for engineering programs virtual labs which were started under the NMICP so they are also very useful e-calpa for design education so lot of stuff is available which has been created in India and in addition to that a large volume of content is now available from around the world and which a large section of Indian students can use if we put our things together capabilities I think I need not you know refer to it our young people are very very comfortable with technology both Korsera edX Indian student community is the second largest user community one and finally mentioned before you know a very vibrant private sector I think some of them are here and they will be making short presentations in the groups and very very interesting stuff is happening in the private space in the private higher education space so we have a very robust technology ecosystem in the country now what is suddenly possible and this is what I know you mentioned about digital transformation I think all these things are pretty new you know correct me if I am wrong early in higher education space you started talking about learning sciences learning analytics moves flipped classrooms active learning you know so all this is pretty new I think 2, 3, 4 years old and India is not way behind in there so this is suddenly possible a new way of how higher education should be organized and how higher education can use technology effectively though many of the technologies that higher education today is using have been there for several decades but the whole concept about learning and understanding how do we engage the students is pretty new so that is the sudden development that is taking place and marrying these two together you know so the way forward is for India to connect the dots and as we have been having conversations with the Praveen and NMICT people that all that is available how do we connect the various dots how do we align how do we have a strategy which can deliver transformation of India's higher education sector how do we enable things to happen we do not have to make things happen we have to ensure that we enable our institutions of higher education to do things which they are supposed to do how do we turn constraints into opportunities I think one of the basic constant of India's higher education sector is the affiliating college system but that also offers the unique opportunity for the sector and Anup you mentioned about it because you know hundreds of colleges are affiliated to the same university they are delivering the same curriculum the examinations are conducted by the university so that offers a unique model of a hub and spoke where high quality instruction can be delivered to remote colleges of equivalent quality of a reasonably good quality and it addresses in some ways the quality faculty shortages that India's higher education sector faces so we have to figure out that how do we creatively use our constraints into opportunities in the higher education space and finally you know I think how do we I think teaching will no more be transmission of content and we all agree to this definitely this is how the India's or higher education systems or education systems worldwide are currently organized how do we transform teaching to engaging students so that we develop their understanding so I think this is a big transformation as we go forward some of the interesting initiatives that are already in place Professor Fartuck's a massive teacher a quality enhancement in engineering education Professor Jhunjhunwala is going to be here with us tomorrow talking about how we are trying to improve the quality in 100 second tier engineering institutions we have a team from Tata institute of social sciences you know R.T. can argue no end about how social work is different from engineering but I think they are under leadership of Professor Persu Raman we are trying to figure out how we can improve in social work education or in commerce education or biosciences education you know and we have a very interesting initiative which is going to be approved on national mission on teachers and teaching which is primarily looking at teaching at the heart of improvement of quality of India's higher education sector and a whole lot of initiatives and new institutional arrangements are part of the thinking on national mission on teachers and teachers now the next three slides are about the strategy you know what is what could be the strategy how do we align various things at the institutional level you know the infrastructure connectivity access devices content faculty capability motivation incentive assessment policies institutional policies external policy environment regularity environment how do we align all of it together you know and that is a challenge all that is available so how do we align all of it and to look at that you know Professor Tarnan and you know Smita is sitting here we are basically trying to learn from what is happening in the rest of the world we are trying to map internal processes and practices within institutions of higher education in some of the best institutions around the world national University of Singapore University of Warwick University of Melbourne along with what is happening in Indian institutions and how these transformations can actually happen in practice you know by aligning all these factors to achieve the goal of using technology within the institutional context to improve quality next is at the system level interestingly our system is organized in a hub and spoke model individual institution of higher education is not an independent on the degree granting side much of it is put all together so much of the degree granting degree awarding institution out of 700 over 200 are affiliating universities that affiliate over 37000 colleges so we do not have to reach out to all 37000 colleges if we build the capacity of those 200 affiliating universities you are able to reach out to the large higher education system large part of the higher education sector and this is precisely why we plan to have this event here today focusing on technical affiliating universities that around 25 the technical affiliating universities between themselves you know they constitute 95 percent over 95 percent of engineering so if we can nudge and push and persuade them to do a few right things it will impact engineering education in the country in a very significantly similarly on the diploma side you have the diploma you know councils AICT plays a very important role then you have the state boards in nursing council in the teacher education you have regional offices so how can we work with these entities which have a significant role in curriculum and examination practices and we have to work out a strategy of that next on the the entire higher education system if you look at slightly differently by field of study you know arts and subjects which continues to you know enroll the highest number of students so you have you know these can be networks mentioned about engineering education network they could be social work network as I mentioned before they could be you know a management network you know and we were in discussions with the I am Bangalore and I am Ahmedabad how do we create a network of management schools in the country so they look at the curriculum content and pedagogical aspect in management education and create an ecosystem where improvements can take place in business education in the country so I think a system level you know subject by networks of clusters could be organized taking forward yes so I think this is my second inning with the higher education sector a decade ago you know you heard professor Raghavan a sudden meeting with him and then professor Phatak I remember and professor Jhunjhunwala and Dr. Jagdish Arora we started a few things a decade ago you know and which have made we have made a we have come a long way in making a difference to the India's higher education sector in our second inning I do hope that by connecting to all of you here today we can not only connect to professor Phatak we can connect to Anant Agarwal we can connect to Anup through Vidya so I think by connecting to the right kind of expertise and the competences around the world we can really create an ecosystem for most effective use of technology in higher education so that the digital transformation of the higher education globally basically changes the India's higher education sector and the constraints that we refer to can be addressed thank you very much I request Praveet Pratash to share his presentation about the education and the journey again a short 10 seconds introduction Praveet Pratash is a city a bureaucrat from the Andhra Pradesh Cadet for course the Parumdas of an IIT he comes from IIT Kanpur he has also exactly the same he has been ever since he has taken over as mission director he has been pushing things ahead and ahead I just like to comment on one particular thing which Praveet mentioned I will share with you he thanked the institute for arranging this conference in 3 weeks time and said that it was almost an impossible task such ability here in IIT Bombay we are not at all worried about the most difficult thing in the world it is the impossible which takes us some time how you thank you as Praveet sir already said the outside on behalf of the ministry I would like to thank the IIT Bombay particularly Professor Parthak and Professor Kanpur and his team for organizing this event the day I was I mean hinted that I will be joining the ministry I think the 5 days after that particular event I got a call from Pavan sir you must organize the event for state technical university I was so new to the whole I never worked in education sector the first assignment in education sector the why state technical university and then I realized when I try to understand NMEI CT technology-enabled learning is that the engineering area is one area we are about to take off I mean all the building blocks have been made and really now it's ball in the hands of state technical university the journey which was started by IITs in in 99 in 2000 this is the time where state technical universities have to come on the center stage so I will talk about my presentation I will talk about will be in two parts talking about the building blocks which we have prepared which have been mentioned by Pavan sir and other speakers also also talk about the role and what we are planning to do with the help of state technical university as somebody mentioned big challenge in technical education in India if you compare from the year we got the independence the number of students will be joining technical education every year a year used to be around 2500 and now look at the number every year around 34 lakh students join technical education sector which is engineering, polytechnic all technical education next this also has been mentioned the recent study said that if you look at only the vacancies the number of vacancies in India there are 5 lakh teachers in higher education huge numbers in fact yesterday I was in the institute of chemical technology and I think the vice director of ICT has been asked to make a study by Maharashtra government and his recommendation is please do not open any new more colleges so many vacancies are there we have to find solutions next and four years back government of India thought that through ICT these challenges which related to vacancies the number of qualified teachers not having sufficient number of qualified teachers quality of education imparted government of India thought that can we look at technology as as a tool to find some solutions to these problems and two big projects were approved in year 2010 one was NKN and second was NME ICT put together 10,000 crores never in the history of any country when such a massive funding for higher education for usage of ICT was given and the journey started in 2010 and I talk about the three blocks big blocks first was the connectivity was thought that we will have a big network and in the network not only we will have a higher education institutions but we will also have research institutions and a network was created where around thousand universities or research institutions have been given connectivity of one GBPS the stand alone colleges have been given a connectivity of 10 MBPS and it is just this beginning and it was said that if there is a good usage by particular university of college we will upgrade the connectivity also this whole network has been given as I said point to point connectivity of one GBPS and internet bandwidth of 40 GBPS has been given next we said to connectivity we reach up to the college or university and we must invest within the campus therefore the allocation has been made to provide the LAN connectivity the Wi-Fi connections the Wi-Fi features in the university and colleges we want to reach out to every classroom labs, hostels whatever we can think of around 400 nodes we thought theoretically we thought that we will give around 400 nodes to every university till now we have given to around 100 universities we have given this LAN connections and we are very keen that every university utilizes this facility then we started making application the idea was that centrally we will make applications and then make it available to all the universities and colleges in our country the first application we have professor Patak here it's an ABU application to do the e-classroom online classroom we can do through this application we call it as ABU using this application also we do this 10,000 online training for 10,000 teachers we also prepared large number of self-learning e-content the most talked about is NPTEL around 16,000 video lectures each one of around one hour we also prepared virtual labs around 1500 simulated labs we also prepared we will have presentation from different projects we also prepared self-learning e-content for courses which enhances the employability the courses which also helps the students to do the entrepreneurship work we also in the mission we also thought that let us focus also on some areas which are the emerging areas one such area which was identified was embedded system and under this project we set up the robotic labs in different engineering colleges and through which this embedded system courses we also as somebody said in the morning we also we also are focusing on on the issue of giving a ERP solution to every college and university we have prepared a generic ERP solution which we know that we have to customize for every university and college we have also a presentation on this we have we have subscribed around one lakh e-books and e-generals which we want to make it available to all the students in universities and colleges next the third big block is access device when this when this the whole thing about akash started there are lot of apprehension that this access device is not useful for students of higher education good for school education students but not for higher education students for validating that we did a pilot with one lakh students these devices were given to the one lakh students to around 400 engineering colleges the IIT Bombay did that study and the finding is yes yes these devices are useful can take care of the basic ICT needs of the students in even higher education sector as as it was said now we have we have after the feedback on this on akash we have we have upgraded it we are coming up with this akash 4 version which will be out in next 15 days however the new projects which are in pipeline from the from the ministry next the one is we are going to start 50 new DTH channels for every for every area we will have a channel for example engineering we want a channel for electrical engineering mechanical engineering civil engineering we have a one stop portal for sachha.ac.in we want to upgrade it we want a one stop portal for all the higher education students of our country so that they can go there easily navigate and find all the e-content which has been prepared under the different projects we are also talking about the way we have IGNU in our IGNU open university at national level we are talking about a virtual technical university at a national level right we are also talking about as Mr. Anand from edX was saying if you look at if you look at books and what is the the one important component of MOOCs which I read somewhere was the Ivy League university is coming to masses if we have to make MOOCs a big thing in India it is the best in shoots in India which has to come forward and start offering online courses we have a discussion in the ministry and we would like to request to all to start with all the centrally funded institutions the IIT, IIM, central universities to at least one online certificate course so that is also we are planning to start however all that blocks which we have prepared is a good will be only a good theoretical or academic intellectual exercise if unless it reaches to the students of of all the engineering colleges which are with the state with the state technical university and how do we do that model but I am personally looking forward for the discussions deliberations of this conference today and tomorrow next we have entered into a some MOU with around 11 state technical universities and the first indicator for me for a success indicator will be at the end of today's these two days conference we will have from the ministry MOU with all the 24 technical universities which are present today and what we are saying in that is that they are different type of blocks or projects or activities which you have to take up in these in this project some we will fund 100% from government of India in some they will be funding of 70% 30% 70% from government of India 30% from state technical university and for some 50% from government of India and 50% from state technical university go back these are the name of the 11 state technical universities which have already entered into MOU last month some of the areas in the MOU which we have mentioned which is which is not final I am looking forward for the as I said deliberations for this conference one is really looking at the connectivity to the college universities colleges the land work in the college looking at empowering they are training the teachers and the lecturers in those colleges and universities looking at doing this whatever content which we have prepared we want to map that content with the syllabus of that university so all that work we want to do through this MOU basically in nutshell what we are saying end of next one and half to two years then we work together the ministry and the all state technical university we want in every every classroom as a synchronous mode the technology enable learning should come to the center stage of learning and teaching methodology in the university that is our dream we want to work with all as I said this is not an issue the main issue is and the and the and the rough administrative structure for implementing this this MOU is we have we have brought NITR into the picture the ministry NITR because NITR also the prime role of the NITRs which are all four directors are here is to take this technical technical education agenda to the university colleges and for techniques so we want to have we are in massaging a structure where ministry NITRs and state technical universities together will work to ensure this technology enable learning comes at the center stage of every college and university however it has it has lot of challenges and all the challenges have been developed in those in those topics which will be deliberating by the four groups one thing I when I visit to universities and colleges still I feel that education technology or technology enable learning different components of which will make technology enable learning happen in university colleges have really not become part of the whole system which requires lot of policy interventions at university level college level state level national level that is one area second area we are talking about IT empowering teachers with IT literacy what does it mean what level what does it actually mean by IT literacy IT literacy how do we empower them how do we enable them to accept it I think these are the big challenges which we will be discussing in the in the four group today that is all from my side I hope I was within my time limit so I just to share I had a very long presentation professor told me yesterday night that he has both yellow card and red card so if I if I cross the time limit he will show me the red class I reduce the presentation and other than this 12 state technical universities the representatives will come from the other state technical universities if any if you want more clarifications about the MOU I will be available today and tomorrow also from the ministry side you will be happy to enter into MOU with all the state technical universities well I must say one thing please look at him does he look like a fellow who ever will get scared of red cars yellow cars etc so a special thank you for him for sticking to the time thank you so much