 Hi, this is Dr. Ruscio and let's discuss selenium CoQ10 and your heart health. Now recently we discussed a study and I'll put the link in the notes here that showed that supplementation for four years in duration with selenium and CoQ10 could decrease risk of cardiovascular death for 10 years after the supplementation. Now there's been a follow-up analysis of this study that I'd like to cover with you here. So I'll put the study abstract up here on the screen and give you a few notes. The name of the study, supplementation with selenium and CoQ10 reduces cardiovascular mortality in elderly with low selenium status, a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Now the randomized clinical trial is what I referred to a moment ago. Essentially four years of supplementation with selenium and CoQ10 reduced the risk of death from cardiovascular disease for a 10-year period afterward. So pretty compelling results. This is just one study and it's a fairly small group of about 200 patients, but it's not worth any less especially when we look at selenium and CoQ10 fairly safe and may have some secondary health benefits. Selenium has been shown amongst other things to be helpful for those with thyroid autoimmunity when used for three to six months and CoQ10 has been shown in a few studies to aid with fatigue and even aid in the appearance of skin. So these definitely have some secondary side benefits instead of side effects, but these researchers wanted to call a little bit deeper into the data to see may there be something or some way to predict whether or not people would respond positively to the selenium and to the CoQ10 because not everyone saw protection, but some did. So coming back to our bullet points here, in the 219 individuals that received the selenium supplementation, 200 micrograms and CoQ10, 200 milligrams for four years, there was two important findings. Essentially what they showed was that low selenium concentrations, those with low selenium concentrations were the ones that had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease or death in the placebo group, meaning that they had low selenium at baseline and they were given no treatment and they are the ones that had the highest risk of cardiovascular death. Now the ones at baseline with the highest selenium status and if you look here, this is according to these researchers defined as 85 micrograms per liter, they did not have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Now correspondingly, when people in the low, so people who had low baseline levels of selenium, when they then took selenium and CoQ10, they actually saw a protective effect. However, people that had high baseline levels did not have any protection. Now that should make sense because the people with high levels also had less risk. So if you have low baseline selenium status, you are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease or death from cardiovascular disease. If you supplement with selenium and CoQ10 as found in this study, you have a decreased risk. Now at baseline, if you have normal levels above 85, then you do not have an increased risk and supplementation does not seem to benefit you. So what this tells us is we have one clinical trial that has shown a positive effect from selenium and CoQ10 supplementation and that effect may be consolidated to or limited to those who at baseline have lower levels of selenium status. So this is something you may want to talk about with your doctor, running a serum selenium profile, seeing if you have a deficiency or a lower level as outlined in this study and then if you do consider using the protocol of selenium and CoQ10. Now there is only one study so we can't draw too much of a conclusion from it. However, I don't think we have to make a super robust case to justify supplementation for a few years with selenium and CoQ10. This is Dr. Ruscio and I hope this information helps you get healthy and get back to your life. Thanks.