 Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, technology have made it the most widely used technique in structural characterization of Lignin due to its versatility, providing unambiguous evidence for specific structures and quantitative structural information. Two-dimensional solution state NMR techniques are reviewed for structural analysis of Lignin in isolated and whole cell wall states, in situ, as well as their applications. This article was authored by Ransang Sun, Jialong One, Bailiang Xua, and others.